钡合金对GCr15钢脱氧和夹杂物变性的研究

在对影响轴承钢疲劳寿命的夹杂物分析的基础上,采用钡合金对轴承钢进行脱氧和夹杂物的变性处理。处理后的轴承钢的疲劳寿命比相同含氧量的铝终脱氧钢提高63．55％,且疲劳寿命的稳定性优于铝终脱氧钢。     

残余应力的危害及对策

文中阐述了残余应力在材料或设备使用过程中的不良影响,并详细介绍了目前消除残余应力的若干方法.希望能够对今后提高产品内部质量、提高构件的疲劳寿命及减少安全隐患方面提供一些有效对策.     

非金属夹杂物对钙系与钙硫系易切削钢切削性能的影响

研究了在18t钢包中采用喷粉方法生产的钙系与钙硫系易切削钢中非金属夹杂物对切削性能的影响。试验结果表明：以200m/min的速度切削Y40CrCa钢时,刀具寿命比切削40Cr钢时高6－10倍;以160m/min的速度切削Y40CrCaS钢时,刀具寿命比切削40Cr钢时高20倍。经能谱仪查明在刀具后面形成保护薄膜,它是延长刀具寿命的主要原因。     

表面状态对冷轧家电板磷化效果的影响

利用ICP、SEM、金相显微镜、电化学测试系统和波纹度仪等设备,对A、B两种家电板的化学成分、金相组织、表面活性以及表面粗糙度等表面状态进行测试与观察,分析了家电板表面状态对家电板磷化效果的影响。结果表明,随着C、Si等元素含量的增加,家电板基体组织中碳化物增多,使家电板表面不易形成均匀致密的磷化膜;家电板表面活性大,磷化膜容易产生“发蓝”现象;增加家电板表面粗糙度,有利于形成均匀致密的磷化膜。     

Isothermal Fatigue of Tool Steel AISI H11

Lifetime of hot‐work tools is often limited by the development of crack nets as a consequence of thermal and/or mechanical fatigue loading. In this paper, the isothermal fatigue behaviour of the tool steel AISI H11 (German grade X38CrMoV 5‐1) under stress controlled uniaxial tension‐compression loading with zero mean stress is investigated in the temperature range between room temperature and 500 °C. Different surface conditions (polished, shot peened, hard turned) were taken into account and a small influence of the near‐surface states on the measured plastic strain amplitudes could be detected. In all cases, for the most part, strain softening occurred with increasing numbers of cycles, which is also influenced by the stress amplitude applied. Due to manufacturing induced near‐surface compressive residual stresses and strain hardening, shot peened specimens exhibit higher fatigue lifetimes than hard turned or polished ones.     

挤压模具早期失效起因与处理

从模具的热处理，变形表面压力分布，挤压速度等角度分析了模具早期失效的原因，并提出了防止和减少模具早期失效的措施。     

超低氧弹簧钢60Si2MnA疲劳断口夹杂物来源研究

为了探究疲劳断口处夹杂物的来源,针对60Si2MnA弹簧钢生产工艺流程不同工位和疲劳断口处夹杂物,通过金相、SEM-EDX等手段,分别对夹杂物的数量、尺寸、形貌及组成进行了系统研究,并在夹杂物生成热力学计算形成条件的基础上,结合工艺实际状况得出,疲劳断口处大尺寸夹杂物来源主要是精炼过程脱氧反应产物没有排除掉所致。     

金属材料热机械疲劳试验研究的现状

详细论述了金属材料的热机械疲劳试验与研究现状,分析了金属材料的热机械疲劳特性,讨论了热机械疲劳试验方法,并提出了目前热机械疲劳试验与研究中存在的问题,以及热机械疲劳研究领域的研究方向.     

奥氏体钢四点弯曲疲劳行为的数值模拟与试验

采用有限元方法对奥氏体钢四点弯曲疲劳试验的加载过程进行了数值模拟,分析了疲劳试样的应力分布与疲劳寿命,确定了受力分布相对均匀的试样的合理尺寸范围,并对一种Cr-Mn奥氏体钢进行了四点弯曲疲劳试验研究,对比分析了有限元模拟与试验结果间的差别与原因。结果表明,试样尺寸不同,两加载辊之间的应力分布规律不同;当t/h(材料厚度/加载辊距)1.4时,最大应力出现在靠近加载辊的内侧,距加载辊0.4~0.5 mm;当t/h=1.2~1.4时,两加载辊之间的应力分布比较均匀,最大模拟应力与加载应力(理论值)的误差小于5%;当t/h1.2时,最大应力出现在两加载辊中间,其中t/h=0.7~0.8时,模拟值最大应力与加载应力比较接近,但应力分布均匀性较低;采用t/h≈1.3的试样进行疲劳试验研究,试验后的疲劳裂纹均产生在两加载辊中间,在加载辊外侧未发现疲劳裂纹,这与模拟结果相一致;模拟疲劳极限为498 MPa,循环4.0×10~6周次,试验测定疲劳极限为505MPa,循环3.6×106周次,模拟值略小于试验值,可见有限元方法可以较准确地预测材料的疲劳寿命。     

热等静压工艺对硬质合金性能的影响

应用烧结加热等静压和烧结-热等静压两种工艺制备了粗晶WC-15Co、WC-22Co和微晶WC-12Co-1Cr3C2、中等晶粒WC-12Co硬质合金,从原理、经济性论述了这两种工艺的差异及其对WC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,烧结-热等静压制作的硬质合金孔洞消除了,并且硬质合金的抗弯强度和弯曲疲劳寿命也大幅度提高。     

激光冲击强化对Ti6Al4V合金表面完整性和四点弯曲疲劳性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、X射线应力测量仪及透射电镜等对激光冲击强化Ti6Al4V合金的表面完整性进行了分析,采用MTS疲劳试验机测试了疲劳性能,并采用扫描电镜分析了疲劳断口,探讨了激光冲击强化机制。结果表明:经功率密度为15.9 GW/cm^2的激光处理后,其四点弯曲中值疲劳寿命较未处理试样提高了4.2~23.5倍;激光功率密度越大,试样的中值疲劳寿命越长。激光冲击强化表现出比喷丸强化更优的疲劳寿命增益效果。经激光冲击强化后,Ti6Al4V合金表面形成了深度为600~1400μm的残余压应力场,表面硬度比未强化区域提高了约10%,且亚表层内部的位错密度也有显著提高。     

随机载荷作用下的疲劳寿命计算

In two-dimensional fatigue load spectrum,the range and mean of random load are regarded as two random variables which could be obtained by rainflow method.Joint probability density function of the two variables is built up on the statistical analysis of load history.Applying constant amplitude median Sa-Sm-N surface function,a fatigue life prediction method of two-dimensional load spectrum is presented based on Miner’s rule.In the last part,an example is presented to demonstrate the application of the prediction method,and it shows that the two-dimensional fatigue life prediction method is practicable in fatigue life analysis for engineering structures.     

马钢板坯连铸表面夹杂与裂纹的分析及预防措施

针对马钢板坯连铸生产过程中出现的表面夹杂与裂纹进行分析研究,提出了改进措施。     

XCQ16和20Mn2车轴用钢疲劳失效的微观机理

利用扫描电镜(SEM)对XCQ16和20Mn2两种车轴用钢疲劳断口和裂纹扩展断口进行分析,研究疲劳失效过程中的裂纹萌生及扩展机理.结果表明:裂纹均是从试样表面萌生,非金属夹杂和位错是主要的萌生机制;XCQ16钢在疲劳断口中部区的裂纹闭合效应大于20Mn2钢,裂纹扩展较慢;两者在裂纹扩展区的扩展机理不同,XCQ16钢属于塑性断裂,20Mn2钢属于解理断裂;在非金属夹杂上,XCQ16钢多含氧化物和硫化物的混合夹杂,20Mn2钢主要是氧化物夹杂,混合夹杂对材料的疲劳性能影响较小.     

激光冲击强化对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面完整性和四点弯曲疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光冲击强化对Ti6Al4V合金表面完整性和四点弯曲疲劳性能的影响,采用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、X射线应力测量仪及透射电镜等仪器对材料表面完整性进行了分析,采用MTS疲劳试验机对试样进行了疲劳性能测试,并采用扫描电镜分析了疲劳断口,并探讨了激光冲击强化机制。结果表明：采用功率密度为15.9 GW/cm2的激光处理试样后,其四点弯曲疲劳中值寿命较未强化试样提高了4.2～23.5倍;且激光功率密度越大,试样的疲劳中值寿命越长。激光冲击强化表现出比喷丸强化更优的疲劳寿命增益效果。分析发现：经激光冲击强化后,Ti6Al4V合金表面形成了深度约为600~1400 μm的残余压应力场,表面硬度比未强化区域提高了约10%,而亚表层内部的位错密度比未强化试样显著提高,以上表层性能和微观组织的变化对四点弯曲疲劳寿命的提高具有重要作用。     

The Effect of Ladle Treatment on Inclusion Composition in Tool Steel Production

An in‐depth SEM‐investigation of the inclusion composition change in the ladle refining process during tool steel production was done. Plant trials were carried out at Uddeholm Tooling AB in Hagfors, Sweden. A series of samples was taken during ladle refining, from deslagging through vacuum treatment. The goal was evaluating the effects of the top slag and other process parameters on the inclusion composition during ladle refining. The main conclusion was that normal variations in the process have a large influence on inclusion composition. Furthermore, it was concluded that the MgO content in the top slag had a large influence on the inclusion composition throughout the whole ladle refining process. Also, the SiO₂ content in the ladle slag originating from the EAF‐slag, had a noticeable effect on the inclusions. The inclusions belonging to the system Al₂O₃‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂ showed a continuous composition change throughout the ladle refining process, from high Al₂O₃, via MgO‐spinel to finally complex types rich in CaO and Al₂O₃.