某氧化金矿堆浸提金试验研究

贵州某氧化金矿金以极微细粒形态包裹于石英、褐铁矿、阳起石、角闪石、绢云母等矿物中;本研究通过正交堆浸试验,得出影响金浸出效果的因素依次为:矿石粒度＞浸出时间＞NaCN用量＞石灰用量.按照最佳条件组合,获得金浸出率为90%以上的较佳指标.     

某难处理铀矿石强化堆浸工艺研究

针对某难处理铀矿石开展了搅拌浸出试验和强化柱浸试验,开发出了浸出中前期酸法大流量喷淋-后期高浓度硫酸熟化的强化堆浸工艺.经工业堆浸试验验证,强化堆浸工艺可使硫酸消耗(与矿石质量比)由搅拌浸出的25％降至18％～19％,浸渣铀品位降至0.012％.这种强化堆浸工艺为某难处理铀矿石的工业生产提供了技术依据.     

Diagnostic pre-treatment procedure for simultaneous cyanide leaching of gold and silver from a refractory gold/silver ore

This study investigates the optimization of simultaneous dissolution of gold and silver from a refractory gold ore through determination of pre-treatment stages. Based on the mineralogical studies (thin layer and polished section) and chemical analysis on the ore sample, a “diagnostic leaching” procedure was designed. Results from diagnostic leaching suggest that the most effective pre-treatment agents for gold and silver are ferric chloride and sulfuric acid media, respectively. Optimum conditions for the simultaneous dissolution of gold and silver were determined using a two factorial design technique. Pre-treatments with sulfuric acid and ferric chloride reagents increased the efficiency of the dissolution of gold from 54.7% to 82% and silver from 37.4% to 81.6%.     

含高砷金矿浸金工艺研究现状

针对含高砷金矿中砷的伴生类型、高砷金矿浸出金的工艺特点,介绍了浮选 细菌预氧化法、氧化焙烧法、加压氧化法等主要浸金方法。同时,也对其他一些工艺方法的最新发展动态进行了研究,以便根据具体情况选择适用的工艺方法,使含高砷金矿浸金率得到提高,从而达到最佳经济指标。     

On the optimization of heap leaching

Although heap leaching has become established as the technology for treatment of some copper, gold, and zinc minerals, as well as its extension to the treatment of other types of minerals such as saltpeter and mine tailings, little study has been made on the optimization of this technology. Usually the operation of heap leaching is carried out until the maximum recovery has been obtained, or until observing that the concentration in the output solution of the heap exhibits no further extraction. The present study makes an analysis to determine if these criteria present the best conditions from the economic standpoint. Two variables are examined including, (1) leaching time, and (2) height of the heap, at a copper mineral treatment plant. The results of the study showed that the design (height of the heap), and planning of the operation (operational time) were interactive factors, and that maximum recovery was not necessarily the best measure of operational efficiency based on economic considerations.     

The effect of zinc cyanide on the flotation of gold from pyritic ore

In gold processing plants, the process water contains a considerable amount of weak acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide species. The cyanide-containing water recycled to flotation circuits has a deleterious effect on mineral flotation. Zinc cyanide can be a major constituent of the process water due to the cyanide leaching of zinc minerals and the zinc cementation applied to precipitate gold and silver. In the present study, the effect of zinc cyanide on the flotation of gold from a pyritic ore was evaluated and the competitive adsorption between zinc cyanide species and the collector, potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) or Aerophine promoter (3418A), on gold was studied by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). It was found that free cyanide did not depress the flotation of liberated gold, but zinc cyanide with a CN/Zn ratio of 2 did. The depression of gold flotation by zinc cyanide was due to the preferential adsorption of Zn(CN)₂ on gold surface over either 3418A or amyl xanthate in the solution, rendering gold surface hydrophilic.     

Productivity of chemical-electrochemical gold leaching from rebellious ore

The authors describe experimental research findings on chemical-electrochemical leaching of gold from rebellious minerals. A laboratory-scale plant has been designed for studying the leaching kinetics. Rational parameters of chemical-electrochemical leaching are specified (duration of the process, electrode current density, NaCl concentration). The researchers analyze the changed microstructure and phase composition of arsenopyrite surface after the leaching and substantiate the leaching improving practices.     

臭氧冰氧缓释剂的制备及其对某金矿滴淋堆浸的强化效果研究

钨作为一种稀有金属,目前主要应用于合金、电子和化工等领域,我国钨矿资源较为丰富,但多数属于难选矿物,其中具有开采经济价值的只有白钨矿和黑钨矿,但随着目前黑钨矿资源的减少,如何高效合理的利用白钨矿对国家经济的发展尤为重要。由于白钨矿和钙质脉石矿物具有相似的表面特性况且白钨矿作为脆性矿物,在破碎过程中容易产生微细粒,因此白钨矿与钙质脉石矿物方解石、萤石的有效分离和如何有效回收微细粒白钨矿是目前在浮选白钨矿所不可避免的两个难题。针对这两个问题,本文从白钨矿的晶体化学、浮选作用机理对浮选白钨矿进行了的介绍;此外还讨论了微细粒白钨矿的浮选工艺。其中白钨矿的晶体结构不同会使白钨矿表面呈现出不同的疏水性,进而影响白钨矿的可浮性。浮选作用机理方面根据作用效果阐述了抑制剂和捕收剂两类：无机抑制剂广泛的应用于白钨矿的浮选工艺中,;有机抑制剂对于白钨矿的浮选能达到很好的选择性;根据捕收剂性质以及特点,介绍了阴离子捕收剂、阳离子捕收剂、两性捕收剂以及组合捕收剂不同的作用效果,但大多数还处于理论研究阶段。微细粒白钨矿目前的浮选工艺主要有空化浮选、剪切絮凝浮选以及载体浮选三种方式,都是通过间接增加微细粒白钨矿的表观粒径,使微细粒白钨矿处于已易于浮选的状态,其优点是能减小微细粒白钨矿对浮选指标的影响,但未从根本上解决微细粒白钨矿浮选的问题。最后对白钨矿的浮选进行了总结。     

原地爆破浸出工艺待浸矿堆块度的分形特征研究

利用分形理论探讨研究了原地爆破浸出工艺待浸矿堆块度的分形特征，并对影响块度分维的主要因素进行了灰色关联分析。     

The mechanism of leaching of gold from refractory ores

Refractory gold ores commonly contain free gold, submicroscopic gold, base metal sulphides, pyrite, pyrrhorite, labile sulphides and carbonaceous material. The analysis of gold deportment with the diagnostic leaching technique has opened a research field to gain more insight into the fundamentals of the kinetic behaviour of gold dissolution from refractory ores. Hence, more detailed studies on the kinetics of the reactions that occur during leaching with cyanide are now possible.Previous research work has indicated that the dissolution rate of gold during cyanidation becomes depressed after a certain time with no further increase in the rate. However, a second noticeable increase in the gold dissolution rate has been observed after a leaching time of 5 to 12 hours during some of the cyanidations, following the destruction of a mineral with the diagnostic leaching technique. If such a second increase in dissolution rate does not occur, the re-leaching of the filtered solids with a fresh cyanide solution yields an additional gold extraction of 4 to 8 %.Various experimental results have indicated that a passivative film forms on the surface of some of the liberated gold. The selective destruction of the various minerals with oxidative acid leaches destroys and/or decomposes certain minerals which may form films on the gold surface by precipitation. The chemical composition of these films and precipitates depends on the mineralogy of the sample. These films may be oxides, sulphides, carbonates and cyanide complexes.The complexes can be destroyed, depending on the nature of the film, by interstage dilute acid and/or cyanide washes in an agitated vessel. The destruction of the films exposes the gold surface for cyanidation. Whereas most of the previous studies on the leaching of gold have focused on the whole ore, the emphasis in this study was on the leaching behaviour of gold from various ore constituents. This approach of studying the leaching behaviour of different gold bearing minerals has provided reasons why some ores leach better than others.     

高压辊磨破碎原生金矿的柱浸试验

本文围绕澳洲某低品位原生金矿的堆浸技术开发,开展了常规破碎与高压辊磨破碎样品的制粒柱浸试验,讨论了高压辊磨机引入低品位原生金矿堆浸项目的经济性。结果表明:相比常规破碎方法,高压辊磨机破碎效率高,在相同检查筛分(12.5 mm)条件下,-500μm细粒级部分产率高出20个百分点。在相同浸出条件下,高压辊磨破碎样品的柱浸尾渣品位低0.07 g/t,通过350万t/年堆浸项目研究案例,相比常规三段破碎方案,采用高压辊磨破碎工艺方案的t矿毛利将增加13.7 RMB/t。     

提金尾矿磨矿制粒堆浸研究

针对某提金尾矿粘土含量高以及载金矿物颗粒粒度较小的特点,将提金尾矿细磨至84.3%?200目的粉矿,往粉矿中添加一定量的粘结剂及NaCN溶液进行制粒,取工业生产上制粒堆浸的小单元进行模拟堆浸。为了保证矿堆的渗透性和溶液的扩散性,对矿粒的粘结剂配比、浸矿溶液的滴淋强度进行了研究。为强化固液界面的传质过程达到提高Au浸出速度和浸出率的目的,提供了有效的方法及技术参数。     

Validation of the efficient application of the electrochemical water processing in ore heap leaching

The article theoretically and experimentally validates the effective applicability of the electrochemically treated acid wastedump water as a leaching agent for low-grade copper-zinc ores instead of sulphuric acid solutions. The authors have found the way to intensify the Cu-Zn ore leaching by adding 20 mg/l of NaCl in the electrochemically treated wastedump water, which allows the active chlorine concentration of 1.5 g/l and accelerates dissolution of copper and zinc to product solution by a factor of 2.8–6.     

难处理金矿石预处理提金铜研究

本文对某难处理金精矿进行了焙烧预处理提金铜工艺试验研究。结果表明,在600℃下进行两段焙烧,浸出温度80℃,pH=1.0的条件下浸出90min,铜的浸出率可达79.62%,对酸浸渣进行两段氰化试验,金的浸出率达91.86%。     

矿石形状对浸堆结构及渗流场影响机制

为了研究筑堆矿石形状对堆内结构和渗流速度场分布的影响,选取了相同级配下的球团制粒矿石与普通原矿石进行柱浸实验。利用核磁共振成像(MRI)技术非接触地获取内部饱和结构,通过图像处理与统计研究了矿石形状与孔隙分布的关系,并利用Navier-Stokes方程模拟了相同压力和入渗速度下矿石形状对渗流速度场的与优势流分布影响。结果表明,饱和状态下的内部孔隙并不都服从正态分布,制粒矿石间孔隙分布更为均衡,服从正态分布,μ=2.0mm,原矿石间孔隙分布不服从正太分布,在8.00～11.00mm间缺失,最大当量直径为11.39mm;制粒矿石间速度场分布更加均匀,孔隙间无明显优势流,原矿石间速度场分布不均衡,存在贯穿结构的优势流和较大浸出盲区,出口边界表现为流场叠加状态;提出矿石形状均匀系数K可以有效描述矿石形状对内部孔隙和渗流的影响机制,K值小,孔隙分布均衡,渗流速度场分布均衡;K值大,容易产生大孔隙,连通成为优势流的通道,致使流场分布不均衡。     

Study of cryogenic disintegration of gold-quartz ores to intensify the heap leaching of gold

It is shown how the airy and nival conditions of cryogenic eolation affect the structural changes and weakening of gold-qnartz sulfide ores under cyclic exposure to frost-penetration and thaw. It is revealed that leaching of ores after cryogenic eolation in the nival conditions and additional pretreatment is more intensive, by 25%, than leaching of ores that were not prepared by cryogenic eolation. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 102–110, January–February, 2006.     

Evaluation of leaching parameters for a refractory gold ore containing aurostibite and antimony minerals: Part I – Central zone

A cyanidation study was conducted on a mild refractory gold ore sample from the Central zone of Clarence Stream Property, owned by Freewest Resources Canada, to develop a leaching strategy to extract gold. Gold, at a grade of 8.00 g/t, is present as native gold, electrum and aurostibite. The ore also contains 2.8% pyrrhotite, together with several antimony minerals (0.8% berthierite and gudmundite, 0.18% native antimony and stibnite). It also exhibits weak preg-robbing properties with 0.16% organic carbon. Aurostibite, a gold antimony compound, is particularly known to be insoluble in cyanide solution. The antimony dissolves in cyanide solution to form antimonates, which retards gold dissolution. Industrial practice of extracting gold from aurostibite generally consists of producing a flotation concentrate, which is leached in a pipe reactor at low alkalinity and high oxygen pressure with about 20 g/L cyanide.The proposed new approach is efficient and allows the extraction of gold directly from an ore at atmospheric pressure and a low cyanide concentration at pH 10.5. The effects of grinding, pre-treatment, lead nitrate, kerosene and cyanide concentrations have been investigated. The maximum gold extraction obtained on the ore was 87.9% using 800 ppm NaCN, 500 g/t lead nitrate, 30 g/t kerosene, DO (dissolved oxygen) 10 ppm and pH 10.5 in 168 h. The associated cyanide consumption was 1.3 kg/t. The additions of lead nitrate and kerosene increased gold extraction. In comparison to a P₈₀ of 74 μm, a P₈₀ of 30 μm significantly increased gold extraction. Gold in solid solution in gudmundite and arsenopyrite was believed to be responsible for the un-leached fraction until mineralogical analysis of hydroseparation concentrates of leach residues showed that most of the un-leached gold occurs as aurostibite, either as locked grains in sulphides/sulpharsenides or as grains with passivation rims of an Au–Sb–O phase. Coarse gold was also found. Gold extraction was not sensitive to cyanide concentration from 250 to 1200 ppm NaCN and high pH was detrimental. Decreasing the cyanide concentration reduced the cyanide consumption from 1.39 to 0.85 kg/t. The removal of coarse gold using a Knelson concentrator and a Mosley table prior to leaching increased the gold extraction to 90.4% (leach residue at 0.77 g/t).     

铀矿堆浸尾渣胶结充填体强度特性试验及其应用

采用清水、氨水以及CaO等三种中和剂对铀矿堆浸尾渣进行中和试验,以确定合适的中和剂。将确定的中和剂以及渣浆浓度、灰渣比按一定比例配制成胶结充填体标准试样,采用RMT-150B岩石力学试验机,测试其不同龄期的抗压强度。根据测试结果,选用渣浆浓度为80%、灰渣比为18的胶结充填体对某铀矿工业性试验采场进行了充填,同时还对其进行了应力测试。研究结果表明,CaO是比较理想的中和剂,其耗量为尾渣干重的0.2%;渣浆浓度、灰渣比是影响堆浸尾渣胶结充填体强度的关键因素,其强度与渣浆浓度成正比,与灰渣比成反比;渣浆浓度为80%、灰渣比为18的堆浸尾渣胶结充填体,龄期为7d时,其抗压强度大于2 MPa,塌落度为13mm;选用该配比的堆浸尾渣胶结充填体的试验采场应力测试结果远低于其抗压强度,有效地控制了该矿试验采场深部开采的地压。     

青海某微细粒浸染型难处理金矿石工艺矿物学研究

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿属于常见伴生硫化矿,因二者的晶体结构与表面性质十分相近,所以其浮选分离一直是重要的研究课题。砷硫两种矿物浮选过程中会发生不同程度氧化反应,利用氧化处理技术强化二者的氧化差异,改变矿物本身固有的浮选行为,可以实现砷黄铁矿与黄铁矿的分离。论文从黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿的自身晶体结构与表面性质入手,详细介绍了黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿在氧化浮选分离工艺及机理方面的研究现状及进展,并对研究方向进行了分析展望,希望能够为砷硫矿物的绿色、高效浮选分离提供一定的借鉴。