不同装药条件下的微化学推冲器的推进性能研究

本文设计了用于试验的化学微推冲器,研究了斯蒂酚酸铅和硝酸肼镍在不同药室直径(0.5～1.5mm)和不同药剂配比下的推进性能.实验测得装药量为0.3～2.8mg时斯蒂酚酸铅的推力约为0.05～0.38mN,总冲量约为3.2×10-5～3.0×10-4 mN·s;装药量为1.0～3.2mg时,硝酸肼镍的推力约为0.06～0.25mN,总冲量约为1.8×10-3～1.0×10-2 mN·s.     

微点火阵列动态输出压力测试

选用PVDF压电薄膜作为传感器,设计了微小型火工品输出压力测试装置,该装置测压范围为10～800MPa,其传感器有效面积小于1.5mm×1.5mm,并进行了微点火单元输出压力测试。测试结果表明:该测试装置用于微小型火工品输出压力测试时具有可量化、响应快、精度高等优点。     

活塞式微作动器结构设计与仿真

为满足小口径弹药引信安全系统用微作动器结构和性能要求,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力学有限元软件模拟分析了活塞式作动器的结构,研究了结构形式和尺寸参数对其性能的影响,并设计改进一种活塞式作功器,测试了不同结构参数的止推力和止退力,得到了不同装药量下活塞式微作动器的输出推力与推程的关系曲线和表达式。结果表明,台阶高度为0.03 mm时,止推力为142 N,止退力为38.5 N;推程为2.0 mm时,最小推力不小于20 N。试验结果与模拟结果比较吻合,偏差在15%以内,说明该数值方法可用于微作动器作用过程研究。     

高原环境下重型柴油机的性能优化研究

为改善重型柴油机在高原环境下的动力下降和燃烧恶化等问题,针对某型重型柴油机进行了不同海拔高度（简称海拔）及不同柴油-空气-燃烧室（简称油-气-室）匹配方案的性能优化研究。通过模拟海拔4 500 m的高原进气状态,开展了重型柴油机不同压缩比、涡流比和喷油器喷孔直径的试验研究。结果表明,随着海拔的升高,柴油机实际运行工况呈现由低速、低负荷向高速、高负荷工况迁移的特性。研究了海拔4 500 m高原环境下柴油机5种油-气-室匹配方案下的性能,5种方案分别为：方案A（涡流比2.2,喷油器10×0.32 mm,压缩比13.3）、方案B（涡流比2.2,喷油器10×0.32 mm,压缩比14.1）、方案C（涡流比1.5,喷油器10×0.32 mm,压缩比13.3）、方案D（涡流比1.5,喷油器10×0.32 mm,压缩比14.1）和方案E（涡流比1.5,喷油器10×0.30 mm,压缩比14.1)。油-气-室匹配仿真与试验研究结果显示：适当提高压缩比、降低涡流比以及选取适当的喷孔直径,可提高柴油机在高原环境下油-气-室的匹配状况;最佳方案D的油-气-室匹配效果最优,柴油机动力性、经济性和排放性均有较明显的改善。     

一种小型姿控推冲器输出性能的试验研究

从主装药、点火药、喷管和剪切片4个方面对姿控推冲器进行了设计,并通过推力试验验证了主装药类型、点火药类型、喷管的喉径、扩张比和扩张角以及剪切片厚度和材料对输出性能的影响规律。结果表明：主装药采用改性双基推进剂GQ-3时推冲器比冲可达207.5s;点火药采用硼-硝酸钾点火药时点火时间最小为0.32ms;喷管喉径为Φ2.5mm、扩张角为70°、扩张比为2.4时总冲量达到3.50N·s,比冲达208.6s;剪切片采用0.3mm厚的铜带时作用时间最短为4.15ms,峰值推力达到1420N。     

高聚物理论估算溶塑火药拉伸强度的应用研究

应用高聚物理论,从化学键、分子间力的角度对溶塑类火药的拉伸强度理论估算方法进行了探索研究。以单基药、双基药、太根药为对象,深入研究含有增塑剂火药的拉伸强度的理论计算方法。同时用材料试验机对火药的拉伸强度进行了测试,并与理论值作对比。结果表明,单基药、双基药、太根药的理论拉伸强度分别为3.8×107N.m-2,11.2×106N.m-2,10.1×106N.m-2,其实测值为3.1×107N.m-2,10.6×106N.m-2,8.9×106N.m-2。分析认为,火药的拉伸强度主要由分子间的范德华力提供,运用高聚物理论可以对溶塑火药的拉伸强度进行理论估算。     

碳酰肼的溶解度、溶解焓及其在溶剂中的溶解反应

本文测试且分析了碳酰肼(CHZ)在去离子水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、无水乙醇、冰乙酸和三氯甲烷5种溶剂中的溶解度及其溶解性,并利用Calvet微热量计分别对碳酰肼在去离子水和冰乙酸中的积分溶解焓进行了测试,计算了碳酰肼在这两种溶剂中的溶解热效应,推算出其微分溶解焓分别为19.60和-6.88kJ·mol-1,其标准热效应分别为2.79×10-2和1.16×10-2J;同时研究了它在溶解过程中的热动力学,得到了其溶解反应的表观速率常数分别为2.721×103和1.888×103s-1,表观反应级数分别为0.778和0.610。     

星载微推进器推力测量中电容位移传感器极板不平行误差分析

为提高星载微推进器的推力测量精度,对电容位移传感器测量位移时的极板不平行误差进行了研究。在分析电容位移传感器工作原理的基础上,以典型扭摆测量系统为例,分析了极板不平行误差随着横梁扭转角变化的关系。根据位移测量臂长为0时极板不平行误差及宽度余弦误差大小与扭转角方向无关这一特性,确定了极板不平行误差的标定方法,设计了实验装置。对有效极板半径3.5 mm、量程1 mm的传感器以0.5°为调节步长进行了标定,得到极板不平行相对误差相对于理论值的偏差值为17.4%.根据标定结果得出结论：当稳态扭转角接近负向最大值时,引入的推力测量误差会快速增大到3.25%;当稳态扭转角接近正向最大值时,引入的推力测量误差逐渐增大到0.04%,对应的推力测量误差为0.1 μN量级;当推力测量误差小于微牛量级时,极板有效半径不能大于7 mm.     

双波对撞模态下的液态燃料旋转爆轰发动机推力测试研究

在环形阵列式连续旋转爆轰发动机上,以汽油/富氧空气为工质,分析了双波对撞模态下爆轰波自持的传播特征、时域频域特征和爆轰波高度,测量了发动机模型在双波对撞模态下的一维推力。试验结果表明：在富氧空气（34.3%O₂和65.7% N₂）流量为945.3 g/s、汽油流量为84.3 g/s、 当量比为0.82的工况下,爆轰波平均传播频率为2.174 kHz,平均传播速度为1 051 m/s,爆轰波高度在55~70 mm之间,有效推力为607.3 N,单位面积推力8.587×10⁴ N/m²,燃料比冲为735.1 s. 推力曲线表明：双波对撞模态下发动机推力波动较大,推力围绕推力平均值振荡,稳定工作阶段发动机振动频率与爆轰波传播频率基本一致。     

隔板厚度对延期时间影响的数值模拟及实验研究

运用STAR-CD仿真软件,建立了以硅系延期药为输入药剂的金属隔板式延期装置的理论模型。数值模拟了隔板厚度分别为1 mm、2 mm和3 mm时燃烧波、壳体的传热、点火药升温过程等。理论设定点火药端面达到某温度所需时间与该爆发点温度下延滞期之和的最小值为延期装置的延期时间,研究了隔板厚度对延期时间的影响。结果表明:延期药燃烧完一段时间后,借助隔板的热传导,点火药温度逐渐升高,直至发火,点火药的中心温度高于边缘的温度。对延期时间-温度曲线进行拟合,其符合6次多项式。隔板厚度为2 mm和3 mm时数值计算的延期时间为3.55 s和4.44 s,实际测试值为2.97 s和4.03 s.同传统延期装置相比,金属隔板式延期装置能有效地延长延期时间。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.