基于粒子群优化的虚拟网络映射算法

本文以提高底层网络资源利用效率为目标,在底层网络不需要支持路径分裂的情况下,建立了虚拟网络映射问题的整数线性规划模型,并提出了一种新的基于粒子群优化的虚拟网络映射算法.该算法以映射开销作为适应度函数,重新对粒子的参数和相关操作进行了定义.模拟实验结果表明,与已有研究成果相比,该算法显著地提高了底层网络长期平均运营收益与...     

Dynamic recovery for survivable virtual network embedding

Network virtualization is a promising way to overcome the current ossification of the Intemet. It is essential challenge to find effective, efficient and robust embedding algorithms for recovering virtual network. The virtual network mapping algorithm based on integer programming which was proposed months ago. But it did consider the faults of physical network resources, which is so called survivable virtual network embedding （VNE） problem. Previous strategies for enabling survivability in network virtualization focused on providing protection for the physical network or enhancing the virtual networks by providing backup physical resources in advance, and treated all the physical failures as link failures. In the article, a dynamic recovery method is proposed to solve the survivable virtual network embedding problem based on the integer programming VNE algorithm. The dynamic recovery method doesn＇t need to backup physical resources and it makes more substrate resources which can be used in the embedding. The dynamic recovery process will be activated only when physical failures occur. Different algorithms are used to recovery node and link failures. Simulations show that the method helps to recover almost all of physical failures by finding the substitute nodes and paths, and its performance is very close to that of pure VNE method without considering physical failures.     

Distributed parallel algorithms for online virtual network embedding applications

Network virtualization (NV) has ubiquitously emerged as an indispensable attribute to enable the success of the forthcoming virtualized networks (eg, 5G network and smart Internet of Things [IoT]). Virtual network embedding (VNE) is the major challenge in NV that allows multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to simultaneously coexist on a shared substrate infrastructure. A great number of VNE algorithms have been proposed, but over the past decades, most of them are only targeting for VNE node mapping. In this paper, we propose two distributed parallel genetic algorithms, which are based on two versions of crossover and mutation schemes, for online VN link embedding problems with low latency and high efficiency. Furthermore, we conduct a time analysis on the executing time of independently distributed parallel computing machines in details. This comprehensive analysis validates the parallel computing scalability on an identical number of predefined parallel machines. Extensive simulations have shown that our proposed algorithms can achieve better performance than integer linear programming (ILP)–based solutions while meeting the stringent time requirements for online VN embedding applications. Our proposed algorithms yield superior performance in running time with 32.78% up to 1727.8% faster than existing popular VNE algorithms. Additionally, the theoretical analysis indicates that the execution time can be reduced to logarithmic times by applying proposed distributed parallel algorithms.     

弹性光传输基础设施上动态透明虚拟网络嵌入

提出了一个新的动态透明的虚拟网络嵌入（VNE）算法。该算法基于弹性光传输基础设施,同时考虑节点映射和链路映射,用于光正交频分复用（O-0FDM）的网络虚拟化。对每一个虚拟光网络（VON）的请求,该算法首先根据各光纤链路的频谱使用将底层光网络转化成一个分层辅助图,然后在该辅助图的单层上应用一个考虑了所有底层节点的本地信息的节点映射完成链接映射。仿真结果表明,该算法考虑了O-OFDM网络的独特性,并且由于算法提供较低的VON阻塞概率,优于直接应用VNE的参考算法。实际拓扑结构的仿真结果也表明,嵌入的底层路径的平均距离很好地被控制在O-OFDM信号的典型传输范围内。     

基于链路优先的快速协同虚拟网络映射算法

在网络虚拟化环境中,为了减少链路映射成本和提高收益,提出了一种链路优先的协同映射算法。该算法交替映射链路和节点,并使用贪心思想优先将带宽资源需求较大的虚拟链路映射到跳数较少的物理路径上,最终达到降低虚拟网络平均消耗和提高虚拟网络接受率的目的。仿真结果表明,与已有算法相比,所提算法节约了链路映射的成本,提高了虚拟网络接受率和物理网络收益,算法运行时间也有效缩短。     

Research on mapping algorithm of virtual network oriented to SDN

In order to solve the problem of virtual network mapping,a mapping method based on ant colony hybrid genetic algorithm was put forward under SDN environment,which established a linear programming model for virtual network mapping,and divided the mapping process into node mapping and link mapping.Firstly,the fusion algorithm was adopted,in which virtual nodes were mapped to physical nodes.Then the shortest path algorithm was used to map the virtual link to a physical link.On this basis,the acceptance ratio of virtual network requests can be improved.Simulation experiment results show that acceptance rate of virtual network requests can be increased by 10% efficiently using the ant colony hybrid genetic algorithm,compared with existing mapping algorithms D-ViNE,RW-BFS and R-ViNE.Further more,proposed method can greatly improve the average utilization rate of nodes and links and the ratio of the mapping income to cost.     

QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy‐saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks

The fiber‐wireless (FiWi) access network is a very promising solution for next‐generation access networks. Because of the different protocols between its subnets, it is hard to globally optimize the operation of FiWi networks. Network virtualization technology is applied to FiWi networks to realize the coexistence of heterogeneous networks and centralized control of network resource. The existing virtual resource management methods always be designed to optimize virtual network (VN) request acceptance rate and survivability, but seldom consider energy consumption and varied requirements of quality of service (QoS) satisfaction, which is a hot and important topic in the industrial field. Therefore, this paper focuses on the QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks. First, the virtual network embedding (VNE) model, energy consumption model, and VNE profit model of FiWi networks are established. Then, a QoS‐aware in‐region VN embedding mechanism is proposed to guarantee service quality of different services. After that, an underlying resource updating mechanism based on energy efficiency awareness is designed to realize low‐load ONU and wireless routers co‐sleep in FiWi networks. Finally, a QoS‐aware re‐embedding mechanism is presented to allocate proper resource to the VNs affected by the sleeping mechanism. Especially for video VNs, a re‐embedding scheme which adopts traffic splitting and multipath route is introduced to meet resource limitation and low latency. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce FiWi network's energy consumption, improve VNE profit, and ensure high embedding accepting rate and strict delay demand of high‐priority VNs.     

虚拟网络可生存的启发式可靠映射算法

针对虚拟网络可靠映射问题,引入虚拟网络可生存约束条件,确保在底层网络单节点失效情况下,被映射虚拟网络剩余部分仍保持连通,最大程度确保虚拟网络的完整性和服务的连续性。以最小化底层网络映射开销为目标函数,建立虚拟网络可靠映射的整数线性规划模型,提出一种虚拟网络可生存的启发式可靠映射算法RHM-SVN并进行求解。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效降低资源平均利用率,提高映射成功率、底层网络平均收益和虚拟网络恢复成功率。     

Resource availability–aware adaptive provisioning of virtual data center networks

Optimal provisioning of virtual networks with varying topologies on their physical counterpart is a major challenge in cloud data centers. Embedding the virtual network on the shared physical infrastructure poses a multitude of challenges to the infrastructure provider. This paper proposes a hybrid approach which adapts to the availability and fragmentation level of residual resources for near‐optimal mapping of multiple virtual data center networks on a substrate data center network. The proposed technique uses coordinated static and dynamic embedding phases, adaptively, to maximize the density of embedding which increases the revenue of the cloud service provider. Also, it judiciously modifies the existing mappings for efficient utilization of resources. Empirical results show that the proposed hybrid approach can attain ～10% higher acceptance ratio compared with the existing exact and heuristic techniques in the literature. With the proposed mixed integer programming model for static embedding, the average path length is reduced by 20% compared with the existing techniques.     

可生存的虚拟网络多层映射方法研究

本文研究了可生存虚拟网络多层映射问题,首先对其建立了整数线性规划模型（ILP）,然后针对较大规模问题提出一种高效的启发式算法VNP-SVNME对其进行求解.实验表明,VNP-SVNME算法的资源映射开销相对ILP仅平均高15%,且优于现有的启发式可生存算法.此外,VNP-SVNME算法的映射时间相对ILP大大降低,可以满足在线虚拟网络映射的需求.     

面向节点异构的能耗感知虚拟网络映射算法

在底层网络节点异构的环境中,能耗优化的虚拟网络映射问题并不是最小化工作节点和链路数。该文针对此问题,构建底层网络节点和链路的负载能耗模型,并以能耗最优为目标,建立虚拟网络映射问题的数学模型,提出一种能耗感知虚拟网络映射算法。该算法在节点映射阶段以最小化能耗和协调链路映射为原则,将虚拟节点映射至综合资源能力最大的底层节点上,并采用改进的能耗感知k最短路径法进行链路映射。仿真结果表明,该算法显著减少虚拟网络映射的能耗,且底层网络节点异构性越大,能耗优势更为明显。     

基于资源区域聚集度的虚拟网映射算法

虚拟网映射是网络虚拟化研究中亟待解决的问题,针对已有映射算法中存在的对于网络拓扑信息利用不足的现状,该文提出了基于资源区域聚集度的虚拟网映射算法(RCI-VNE)。在映射预处理阶段,根据局部拓扑信息和区域资源聚集度提出节点区域资源聚集评价算法。在节点映射阶段,提出一种基于节点区域资源聚集排名的2-近邻聚集映射算法,该算法将虚拟网节点集中映射到底层网络中可用资源丰富的区域,减小承载链路的长度。实验结果表明,该算法降低了虚拟网映射开销,且具有较高的虚拟网请求接受率和较低的平均执行时间。     

Virtual network embedding in software-defined hybrid networks

Network virtualization provides a powerful way of sharing substrate networks. Efficient allocation of network resources for multiple virtual networks (VNs) has always been a challenging task. In particular, with the demands of the customized VN requests are increasing, many problems arise as network conditions change dynamically. Especially, when the resources conflicting appear during the lifetime of VNs, it needs service provider (SP) to provide a fast and effective solution. Recently, software defined network (SDN) has emerged as a new networking paradigm, SDN’s centralized control and customizable routing features present new opportunities for convenient and flexible embedding VNs in the network. However, due to the limitations of the SDN, in the short term, replacing all legacy devices in current operational networks by SDN-enabled switches is impractical. Thus, in our study, we focus on the scenario of VN embedding (VNE) in software-defined hybrid networks. In this work, first of all, we propose partially deploying SDN nodes, and then, we use the characteristics of SDN to allocate resources for VN requests, and redirect the path for requests conflict in hybrid SDN network. We formulate the problems and provide simple algorithms to solve them. Simulation results show that our scheme is high responsiveness and acceptance ratio.     

基于节点可靠性感知和共享路径保护的虚拟网映射算法研究

网络虚拟化技术为目前的网络架构提供了一种有效的扩展手段。近年来,底层网络基础设施失效事件频发,因此如何提高虚拟网络的可靠性成为目前该领域一个研究热点。对在保证虚拟网络可靠性的同时如何最小化底层网络映射开销问题进行研究,设计了一个新的启发式算法对其进行求解。实验表明,相比其他算法,所提算法网络带宽资源开销更低。     

Hop-Limit Path Mapping Algorithm for Virtual Network Embedding

Virtual network (VN) mapping which deals with the allocation of network resources from the shared physical substrate to individual VNs is one of the key challenges for the application of realizing network virtualization. While a variety of state-of-the-art algorithms have attempted to address this issue from different aspects, the challenge still remains for mapping virtual link with hop count constraint. This paper presents a fast approximation path mapping algorithm to address this issue by formulating such virtual link mapping problem as a path-flow mathematical programming model, which aims to minimize the maximum link load factor. Through the use of the primal–dual method, a fully polynomial time approximation algorithm is proposed to solve this model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the problem of path mapping with hop limit.     

Network planning for mobile multi‐hop relay networks

In this paper, the coverage problem of network planning in mobile multi‐hop relay networks is defined on the basis of integer linear programming. In order to provide desired utilities and also meet deployment limitations for network planning, we propose a supergraph tree algorithm to place base stations and relay stations at the lowest cost position. Furthermore, another algorithm for avoiding the interference between base stations, which is called interference aware tree algorithm is also proposed. Both the proposed algorithms are formulated on the basis of a graph theoretic technique and analyzed in the simulation results. The results show that the supergraph tree algorithm provides the lowest construction cost with different network scenarios, and the interference aware tree algorithm provides the highest communication quality for mobile multi‐hop relay infrastructure‐based communication network planning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New algorithm for hub-and-spoke topological virtual networks embedding problem

The virtual network embedding/mapping problem is a core issue of the network virtualization.It's mainly concerned with how to map virtual network requests to the substrate network efficiently.Previous ...     

Multi‐constrained Shortest Disjoint Paths for Reliable QoS Routing

Finding link‐disjoint or node‐disjoint paths under multiple constraints is an effective way to improve network QoS ability, reliability, and so on. However, existing algorithms for such scheme cannot ensure a feasible solution for arbitrary networks. We propose design principles of an algorithm to fill this gap, which we arrive at by analyzing the properties of optimal solutions for the multi‐constrained link‐disjoint path pair problem. Based on this, we propose the link‐disjoint optimal multi‐constrained paths algorithm (LIDOMPA), to find the shortest link‐disjoint path pair for any network. Three concepts, namely, the candidate optimal solution, the contractive constraint vector, and structure‐aware non‐dominance, are introduced to reduce its search space without loss of exactness. Extensive simulations show that LIDOMPA outperforms existing schemes and achieves acceptable complexity. Moreover, LIDOMPA is extended to the node‐disjoint optimal multi‐constrained paths algorithm (NODOMPA) for the multi‐constrained node‐disjoint path pair problem.     

Optimal provisioning for virtual network request in cloud-based data centers

Today applications and services are migrating to a cloud-computing-based paradigm in which the users access the applications and services hosted in data centers, by using thin-clients on the user terminal device. These applications/services are typically hosted and run on virtual machines in interconnected data centers. Different applications from the same user may need to access and change shared data or information. Thus, we may abstract the applications from same user as a virtual network (VN). For better performance and efficiency, it is critical that the VN request be accommodated with optimal provisioning under the current resource state of data centers. In this paper, for addressing the issue of how to design an optimal provisioning scheme for the VN request such that the total revenue of is maximized, we first develop a framework for the optimal provisioning of VN request by using mixed integer programming. Since the optimal provisioning problem is NP-hard, we also propose a genetic algorithm?Cbased heuristic algorithm for addressing the problem of optimal provisioning for VN with unsplittable flow and optimal provisioning for VN with splittable flow problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in improving the total revenue by conducting extensive simulations on different networks.     

Energy efficient virtual network embedding for federated software‐defined networks

In this paper, we focus on energy efficient virtual network embedding in federated (multidomain) software‐defined networks (SDNs). We first formulate an optimization problem as an integer linear program (ILP) that minimizes the energy consumption of the network links, while at the same time adhering to the bandwidth and CPU requirements of the virtual network requests. We then propose a polynomial‐time heuristic algorithm, which consists of three stages. In the first stage, the top SDN controller decides on whether to partition the virtual network request into smaller subrequests and give subrequests to multiple domains or give the enitre virtual network request to a single domain, while in the second stage, each SDN controller implements virtual network embedding in its own domain. Finally, in the third stage, the algorithm performs interdomain routing if partitioning decision had been made in the first stage. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm yields close performance to the solutions obtained by using the optimization software CPLEX that implements our ILP.