一种基于能量的压缩感知稀疏度估计算法

压缩感知理论中,信号稀疏度直接关系到采样速率的设定以及观测矩阵的构造,而该先验信息往往受限.针对这一问题,本文从大维随机矩阵谱分析理论出发,分析了采样协方差矩阵的极限特征值概率分布特征,并结合其与观测信号能量的关系推导得到观测信号能量与压缩率、稀疏度和信噪比之间的对应关系,提出一种基于观测信号能量的稀疏度估计算法.相对于已有算法,该算法计算复杂度较低,且估计精度较好,并可通过增加采样开销进一步提升稀疏度估计精度,仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性.     

无参考信号条件下基于MSWF的DOA估计算法

现有基于多级维纳滤波(MSWF)的子空间法波达方向(DOA)估计算法复杂度较低,但需要先验的参考信号.论文从MSWF求解线性预测问题入手,将基于MSWF的线性预测和子空间两种不同的DOA估计方法结合起来,提出了一种实用的低复杂度DOA估计算法.该算法无需构造专门的参考信号,在低信噪比或信源数估计不准的情况下,算法依然具有较好的稳健性和估计性能.仿真实验验证了本文的结论.     

A low-complexity joint 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA estimation algorithm for MIMO radar with arbitrary arrays

In this article, we study the problem of four-dimensional angles estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with arbitrary arrays, and propose a joint two-dimensional direction of departure (2D-DOD) and two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation algorithm. Our algorithm is to extend the propagator method (PM) for angle estimation in MIMO radar. The proposed algorithm does not require peak searching and eigenvalue decomposition of received signal covariance matrix, because of this, it has low computational complexity. And it can achieve automatic pairing of four-dimensional angles. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has much better angle estimation performance than interpolated estimation method of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT), and has very close angle estimation performance to ESPRIT-like algorithm which has higher computational cost than the proposed algorithm. We also analyze the complexity and angle estimation error of the algorithm, and derive the Cramer‐Rao bound (CRB). The simulation results verify the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于余弦特性的快速DOA估计算法

为了满足实时测向处理系统的要求,需要降低测向算法的运算量。在众多测向算法中,其中基于圆阵的MUSIC类算法因为其测向频段宽,可估计二维波达方向,性能稳健,测向精度高,并且在各个方向上具有相同的测向性能而广泛应用于实际系统中。本文主要针对均匀圆阵的阵列流形,分析了均匀圆阵导向矢量的特点,提出了一种基于余弦特性的快速DOA估计算法。该算法利用余弦信号周期特性来构造统计量,通过数学推倒可以证明该统计量只与俯仰角有关,与方位角无关。通过这种分维处理的思想从而可以先估计出俯仰角,再通过所得俯仰角的空间谱切片把二维搜索转化为一维搜索,这样处理大大降低了算法运算量,提高了算法估计速度,特别适合阵元数目较多的应用场合。同时考虑到实际应用中在同一个窄带信道中干扰信号和期望信号同时存在,并且互相影响,特别是强信号对弱信号的影响。本文利用数字滤波器提取期望信号估计,减少了干扰信号对期望信号的影响,提高了估计精度。通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性。      

DOA estimation of LFM signals based on STFT and multiple invariance ESPRIT

In order to improve the angle measurement precision of LFM signals with a low computational complexity, a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm STFT-MI-ESPRIT is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) and multiple invariance estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (MI-ESPRIT). Firstly, the STFT of the array element’s output is calculated and the signals are transformed to the time-frequency domain. Then the spatial time-frequency distribution matrix can be obtained through selecting multiple single-source time-frequency points in the time-frequency plane and the signal subspace can also be obtained using Eigen decomposition. Finally, the multiple rotational invariant equation of the array based on STFT is obtained and the closed-form solution is obtained using the multi-least-squares (MLS) criterion. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the estimation precision greatly compared with the traditional ESPRIT-like algorithms and its computational complexity remains the same in general. This paper also proposes that the STFT-MI-ESPRIT algorithm can use partial rotational invariances of the array instead of all the rotational invariances, which can reduce the computational complexity on the basis of ensuring the estimation precision basically. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the conclusion.     

Beamspace Root-MUSIC Algorithm for Joint DOD DOA Estimation in Bistatic MIMO Radar

The computational complexity for the direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic MIMO radar increases very rapidly with the number of sensors. To reduced computational complexity, a beamspace Root-MUSIC algorithm for joint DOD and DOA is proposed in this paper. Ingenuous mathematical manipulations utilizing the properties of common out-of-band nulls offered by discrete Fourier transform matrix beamformer are proposed to restore the Vandermonde structure with a reduced degree, which is lost in beamspace transformation for both the transmit array and the receive array. Then the DOD and DOA can be estimated via polynomials root finding procedure. The proposed algorithm can work in reduced dimension beamspace data and reduced degree polynomial root finding procedure in the final stage of Root-MUSIC. Moreover, automatic paring between the DODs and DOAs can be obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于网格部分细化的DOA估计方法

计算复杂度和估计精确度一直是波达方向(DOA)估计研究的重点。现有基于压缩感知的DOA估计算法与传统算法相比具有一定优势,但这些稀疏信号重建模型都是将角度空间等间距划分,仍存在算法计算复杂度较高和估计精确度较低的问题。针对这些问题,提出一种对角度空间网格进行部分细化的DOA估计方法。该方法包括裂变过程和学习过程,裂变过程通过产生新网格点对角度空间进行细化,学习过程通过迭代不断逼近波达方向。仿真结果表明,提出的算法耗时较少,而且在非常稀疏的初始网格划分的条件下(初始间隔为20°),仍可以获得较高的估计精确度。     

Computationally efficient DOD and DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar with propagator method

In this article, we consider a computationally efficient direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation problem for a bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. The computational loads of the propagator method (PM) can be significantly smaller since the PM does not require any eigenvalue decomposition of the cross correlation matrix and singular value decomposition of the received data. An improved PM algorithm is proposed to obtain automatically paired transmit and receive angle estimations in the MIMO radar. The proposed algorithm has very close angle estimation performance to conventional PM, which has a much higher complexity than our algorithm. For high signal-to-noise ratio, the proposed algorithm has very close angle estimation to estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm. The variance of the estimation error and Cramér–Rao bound of angle estimation are derived. Simulation results verify the usefulness of our algorithm.     

MEMS矢量水听器阵列方位估计的对比研究

基于新型微机电系统(MEMS)仿生矢量水听器,首先利用计算机仿真对比分析了阵列空间谱估计4种相关算法(包括MUSIC算法、Capon最小方差法、空间平滑算法和MMUSIC算法)的优劣性.其次在对比分析的基础上,考虑实际操作的可行性和信号处理的准确性,选取定向精度较高,分辨能力较强的MUSIC算法处理不相干信号源,选取MMUSIC算法处理相干信号源.通过仿真验证和实验分析,结果表明,该MEMS矢量水听器阵列定向精度均在5°以内,具有较好的定向能力.     

Computationally efficient DOA estimation for coprime linear array: a successive signal subspace fitting algorithm

ABSTRACT

In this paper, direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple signals with coprime array is investigated and signal subspace fitting (SSF) method is linked to the coprime array, which achieves a better DOA estimation performance than the traditional uniform array. While the SSF method requires expensive computational cost in the case of multiple signals due to the multidimensional global angular searching, we propose a successive SSF (S-SSF) algorithm from a computationally efficient perspective. In the proposed algorithm, we employ rotational invariance and coprime property to obtain the initial estimates. Then, via a successive scheme, we transform the traditional multidimensional global angular searching problem into one-dimensional partial angular searching one. Consequently, the computational complexity has been significantly reduced. Specifically, the proposed S-SSF algorithm can obtain almost the same DOA estimation performance as SSF but with remarkably lower complexity. Finally, Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) is provided and numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Joint Doppler frequency, 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar in spatial coloured noise

In this paper, we address the problem of four-dimensional angle and Doppler frequency estimation for L-shaped bistatic multiple input multiple output radar in spatial coloured noise. A novel method of joint estimation of Doppler frequency, two-dimensional direction of departure and two-dimensional direction of arrival based on the propagator method is discussed. Utilising the cross-correlation matrix which is formed by the adjacent outputs of matched filter in the time domain, the special matrix is constructed to eliminate the influence of spatial coloured noise. The proposed algorithm provides lower computational complexity and has very close parameter estimation to the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and DOA-matrix algorithm in high signal-to-noise ratio and Cramér–Rao bound is given. Furthermore, multidimensional parameters can be automatically paired by this algorithm to avoid the performance degradation resulting from wrong pairing. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于时间反转的MIMO雷达实值MUSIC算法

针对时间反转(TR)多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法计算量庞大的问题,提出一种基于时间反转的MIMO雷达实值MUSIC算法。首先,通过采用降维思想对TR MIMO回波信号进行降维处理,来减少计算量;然后,为将协方差矩阵转化到实数域,构造酉变换矩阵进行实值变换;最后,分解出实值协方差矩阵的噪声子空间,构造谱函数估计信号波达角。相对于传统的MUSIC算法,该算法借助实值变换剔除了复数运算,极大地降低了计算量,而且不需要空间平滑降低阵列孔径就具有解相干的能力。仿真结果证实了算法的正确性。     

双基地MIMO雷达目标快速定位算法

基于多级维纳滤波器（MSWF）的双基地多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达定位算法,能够有效的降低计算复杂度,但是会带来信号子空间的扩展问题,降低算法性能。因此本文提出了一种新的目标快速定位算法。首先根据MSWF的自相关模值的特点确定需要的MSWF级数,得到扩展子空间;其次利用ESPRIT方法得到目标的初始发射角（DOD）和接收角（DOA）,最后利用判别准则从初始目标角度得到真实目标角度,并完成目标收发角度的配对。算法不需要特征值分解,计算复杂度较低,并且充分利用了扩展子空间,具有更高的角度估计性能。      

一种未知信源数的高分辨DOA估计算法

提出了一种未知信源数的高分辨 DOA 估计算法。该算法在未知信源数的情况下,利用线性预测(LP)法或 Pisarenko 法与 ASPECT 技术相结合来实现高分辨谱估计。该算法在消除 LP 法或 Pisarenko 法 DOA 估计中存在的伪峰的同时可判断出入射信源数,明显减小 DOA 估计算法的运算量,并可提高谱分辨力。计算机仿真结果证明了新算法理论的正确性和有效性。     

双基地MIMO雷达相干目标的角度快速估计算法

针对双基地多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达定位的实时性问题,提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵的目标快速定位算法。双基地MIMO雷达接收的信号往往是相干的,因此无法直接应用角度估计算法。首先通过接收的数据得到一组Toeplitz子矩阵,利用这组子矩阵重构得到协方差矩阵,其秩等于目标个数,达到解相干的目的。采用改进多级维纳滤波器（MSWF）的前向递推,不需要通过特征值分解,得到信号子空间,结合ESPRIT算法,估计出目标的发射角度（DOD）和接收角度（DOA）。算法通过构造Toeplitz矩阵解相干,仅改变矩阵结构,降低了计算复杂度,具有较好目标分辨力和解相干能力。      

基于网格爬山法的最大似然DOA估计算法

最大似然波达方向（DOA）估计具有最优的理论性能,但是存在计算量过大的问题。为了降低最大似然DOA估计的计算量,将参数估计转化为高维非线性函数的优化问题,并提出了一种新的优化算法。首先利用波束形成法对空间谱进行预估计并根据空间谱信息构造一组满足“预估分布”的初始解,这组初始解以较大概率落在全局最优解的局部吸引域中。然后将其中适应度最大的一个初始解作为局部搜索的起点。网格爬山法是一种以网格为单元的局部搜索方法,比传统爬山法更加高效和稳定,因此采用该方法获取全局最优解。新算法不仅能够得到精确的参数估计,同时具有较高的计算效率,计算机仿真显示新算法的计算效率高于基于粒子群优化的最大似然DOA估计算法。      

基于阵列结构的盲源分离算法

利用源信号的统计独立性提出了一种由混合信号和分离信号估计混合矩阵的算法,避免了一次矩阵求逆运算。同时,利用天线阵列的结构信息提出了一种直接重构混合矩阵的算法,该算法不需要估计源信号的载频和入射角。仿真结果表明,所提算法与基于来波方向估计的盲分离算法性能相当,在信号入射角间隔较大时,所提算法性能优于普通的盲分离算法,并且大大减少了运算量。     

基线引导式快速相关干涉仪测向性能分析及提升方法

基线引导式快速相关干涉仪算法计算复杂度低,能较好解决宽带信道化二维测向处理时的计算复杂度高的问题。为了对该算法的性能进行评估,推导了该算法在任意形式引导基线情况时的方位角与仰角估计的误差方差表达式,并与测向误差的克拉美-罗界(CRB)进行了对比。以均匀圆阵为模型,改进了取向方式,提高了测向准确度,并给出了一种解模糊基线的选择方法。与相关干涉仪算法、伪线性最小二乘算法进行了仿真对比,仿真结果说明选择合理的引导基线与解模糊基线,快速相关干涉仪算法不仅具有计算复杂度低的优势,还能较好的兼顾测向准确度与解模糊稳健性。      

Off-grid direction-of-arrival estimation for wideband noncircular sources

Researchers have recently shown an increased interest in estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of wideband noncircular sources, but existing studies have been restricted to subspace-based methods. An off-grid sparse recovery-based algorithm is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy of existing algorithms in low signal-to-noise ratio situations. The covariance and pseudo covariance matrices can be jointly represented subject to block sparsity constraints by taking advantage of the joint sparsity between signal components and bias. Furthermore, the estimation problem is transformed into a single measurement vector problem utilizing the focused operation, resulting in a significant reduction in computational complexity. The proposed algorithm's error threshold and the Cramer–Rao bound for wideband noncircular DOA estimation are deduced in detail. The proposed algorithm's effectiveness and feasibility are demonstrated by simulation results.     

Reduced-Dimensional Polynomial Rooting-Based Multiple Parameter Estimation for Polarization Sensitive Coprime Arrays: A Full Array Extraction Perspective

Generally, multi-dimensional spectral peak search (SPS) in parameter estimation for polarization sensitive coprime linear arrays (PS-CLAs) requires heavy computational burden. To resolve this problem, we propose a search-free algorithm for multi-parameter estimation with PS-CLAs in this paper. Specifically, different from the decomposition algorithms, we first reconstruct the total received signal of PS-CLA as the signal extracted from a large uniform linear array, which enables to offer a spectrum function only with regard to direction of arrival (DOA) by utilizing rank reduction estimator. Subsequently, we employ the polynomial root finding technique instead of one-dimensional SPS to directly calculate the DOA estimates. Furthermore, a quadratic optimization problem is established for the polarization parameters and in particular, the closed-form solutions are provided by utilizing Lagrange multiplier approach. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed search-free algorithm can obtain improved estimation accuracy with remarkably low complexity.