ASM1在污水生物处理中的应用与研究

采用以IWA的活性污泥数学模型1号模型(ASM1)为平台开发的污水处理仿真程序模拟城市生活污水处理工艺,其出水结果与实测数值的误差小于10%,说明活性污泥数学模型能较好地反映污水处理厂的实际运行状况,基于ASM1的软件可用于模拟污水处理、预测出水水质及作辅助工艺设计的工具。     

呼吸计量法在活性污泥系统废水特性测定中的应用

活性污泥中微生物的呼吸作用直接与废水中基质的去除以及微生物的生长密切相关。根据活性污泥工艺中污水水质对微生物呼吸作用的影响，阐述了呼吸计量法在活性污泥1号模型（ASM1）的基本组分S、Xs、XBH和XBA测定中的应用，并对呼吸计量法在活性污泥系统进水的毒性预警和保护方面的作用进行了分析。     

活性污泥数学模型在污水处理中的研究进展

综述了活性污泥数学模型的发展历程以及应用现状,阐释了其在适应复杂多变的水质水量状况、实时展示模拟结果、节省人力物力投入等方面的优势,提出了建立进水组分测定统一标准、不确定性分析评估框架,以及优化模型工艺概化方式是当前主要的应用难点。将为推动活性污泥数学模型在污水处理方向的研究,实现污水处理厂智能化管理的目标提供一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

用超高速沉淀器提高活性污泥处理后的水质

日本住金化学公司和歌山厂用活性污泥法处理蒸氨废水。近年来,随着废水水质管理指标的提高,在活性污泥装置中使用了超高速凝聚沉淀器,以提高处理后的废水水质。现将超高速凝聚沉淀器的设置及运转状况介绍如下。1.2废水水质的管理指标该厂废水的水质管理指标自1994年3月开始进行了调整,见表1。1.3技术课题为降低废水中的悬浮物,研究了以下3个问题。(1)调查降低悬浮物的技术。(2)满足场地狭小等建设条件。(3)为稳定水质改进控制方法。1.4水质提高技术的可行性作为传统技术,有以下3种提高水质的方法但在焦化废水中的应用实例不多,故用试验装置…     

污水处理厂活性污泥硝化作用的计算机模拟

将活性污泥1号数学模型(ASM1)进行简化，根据污水处理厂实测数据调整参数值，用数值模拟方法使用计算机模拟曝气池内铵盐、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐在流程上的变化。结果证明，调整后的参数和简化模型适用于该污水处理厂。     

活性污泥1号模型的水质特性参数测定研究

活性污泥系统的进水水质特性是活性污泥数学模型研究和应用的重要方面．采用OUR呼吸计量法对安庆城东污水厂的水质特性参数进行了测定。结果表明,污水厂进水中5s、Xs、S1,X1占总COD。的质量分数分别为4．2％、7．3％、17．0％、71．0％。生物池进水中Ss、互s、SI、XI占总CODcr的质量分数分别为4．8％、10．5％、21．5％、62．7％,该厂的Snxs浓度偏低,XI浓度偏高;生物池进水中SNH,SNO,SND、XND占总氮的质量分数分别为71．4％、11．7％、7．3％、12．4％,SNH的比例偏高,5ND、xNn的比例偏低。污水水质参数的测定值与国外推荐值相差较大．在利用模型进行模拟时建议实际测定水质特性参数。     

活性污泥模型(ASMs)研究进展及其发展前景

简述了活性污泥模型(ASMs)的发展历程,并对ASMs在实际中的应用、活性污泥中微生物动力学参数研究、活性污泥模型进水组分研究三个方面进行了综述,总结了活性污泥模型在实际中应用的局限性,最后对活性污泥的应用前景进行了展望。     

印染废水异养菌产率系数的测定

某印染化工混合废水采用厌氧-好氧-混凝处理工艺,应用活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)模拟该废水生物处理过程。采用间歇式呼吸计量法,测得该废水的异养菌产率系数为0.65,此值不同于ASM1号模型中推荐的城市污水异养菌产率系数的典型值0.67。     

活性污泥模型(ASMs)研究进展及其发展前景

简述了活性污泥模型(ASMs)的发展历程,并对ASMs在实际中的应用、活性污泥中微生物动力学参数研究、活性污泥模型进水组分研究三个方面进行了综述,总结了活性污泥模型在实际中应用的局限性,最后对活性污泥的应用前景进行了展望。     

IAWPRC模型在焦化废水生化处理模拟中的应用

介绍了国际水污染控制与研究协会 (IAWPRC)活性污泥模型及在此基础上所开发工艺软件的进展情况。依据有关文献数据确定适合我国焦化废水处理的IAWPRC模型的 1 9个参数值和 1 3个组分的进水浓度值 ,应用基于IAWPRC模型自主开发的活性污泥稳、动态模拟程序 ,模拟厌氧 缺氧 /好氧工艺处理焦化废水的运行情况 ,并检验该工艺系统设计的合理性 ,模拟结果与实际符合较好     

Simulation of heterotrophic storage and growth processes in activated sludge under aerobic conditions

In this work, an extension of the Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) is presented which takes oxygen transfer, microbial maintenance, and biomass decay into account, in order to describe the heterotrophic storage and growth processes in activated sludge. The sensitivity of the effluent chemical oxygen demand and oxygen uptake rate to the stoichiometric and kinetic coefficients was analyzed. Model calibration was successfully performed by comparing measured and predicted values for model components. Thereafter, the model was evaluated with the experimental results of four independent case studies. Results show that the established model is able to better and mechanistically describe the heterotrophic storage and growth processes in activated sludge.     

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的环境行为和环境风险评价

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEOs)的生物降解中间体短碳链的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEOn,n=1,2),烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚酸酯（n=1,2)和烷基酚（AP）更耐降解,AP和APEOn主要吸附于污泥,APEnC主要存留在水体。河水中APEOs代谢物的浓度远低于水生物急剧毒性的最低限,研究还发现一些烷基酚类化合物具雌性激素活性。     

焦化装置回炼污泥的研究及推广应用

研究、分析、对比了现有的炼油企业污泥处理技术,结合工业装置特点和采取最优的污泥加工流程,在1#焦化装置上进行摸索试验,考察了回炼量、反应温度等因素的影响,并在2#焦化装置进行了推广应用,结果表明,在焦化装置回炼污泥可以有效解决污泥处理的环保问题.     

A thermodynamic analysis of the activated sludge process: Application to soybean wastewater treatment in a sequencing batch reactor

A bioenergetic methodology was integrated with a modified activated sludge model No.1 (ASM1) to analyze the activated sludge process, with the treatment of soybean‐processing wastewater as an example. With the bioenergetic methodology established by McCarty and coworkers, the microbial yield was predicted and the overall stoichiometrics for biological reactions involving the key chemical and biological species in activated sludge were established. These obtained parameters were related to the ASM1 model, which was modified after coupling the biological reactions in activated sludge with electron balances. This approach was able to approximately describe the treatment of soybean wastewater by activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor in terms of substrate utilization, biomass growth, and the elector acceptor consumption. Such an attempt provides useful information for accurate modeling of the complex activated sludge process. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

异养菌产率系数的测定研究

在活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)的基础上,采用间歇式呼吸计量法,在不同的F/M条件下(控制在0.03~0.05),分别测定了生物絮凝-再生工艺中的再生池污泥、好氧颗粒污泥、氧化沟污泥中的异养菌产率系数YH。结果显示,3种污泥异养菌产率系数分别为0.71、0.58、0.68g[COD]/g[COD]。测定结果与ASM1号模型中推荐的异氧茵产率系数的缺省值0.67g[COD]/g[COD]存在差异,并对差异的原因进行了分析。     

Treatment of green table olive waste waters by an activated‐sludge process

No purification procedure exists for treating the waste waters from the Spanish‐style green olive industry. This study shows that an activated sludge process can be used successfully, yielding a 75–85% COD reduction, due mainly to the removal of organic acids and ethanol present in the waste. In contrast, only a small proportion of polyphenols was consumed. These residual polyphenols can account for most of the remaining COD and the residual brown colour. Grau's model for substrate removal rate was applied to take account of the effect of influent‐substrate concentration on the effluent COD concentration. The constant value with this model (k) was 9.8 day⁻¹. Likewise, increasing the hydraulic retention time and temperature improved the sludge removal. Thus, a COD of 200–300 mg dm⁻³ in the effluent was routinely achieved. Concentrations of NaCl up to 3% did not affect the aerobic system although the sludge volume index was higher than 200 cm³ g⁻¹. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于混合逻辑动态法的污水处理除氮过程的优化控制

应用混合逻辑动态系统法（MLD）,对活性污泥1号模型（ASM1）进行了简化,利用有关活性污泥法的专家经验,建立了连续进水间歇曝气活性污泥法除氮动态模型.再采用预测控制的方法对该过程进行优化控制,通过仿真结果可知：将MLD法应用到活性污泥法建模和优化控制中,可以更加深入地挖掘相关的专家经验知识,并将这些专家经验知识和连续变量模型相结合,使模型更加精确,控制和优化的效果更好.为污水处理领域研究提供了一条新的途径.     

Biological modelling of MBR and impact of primary sedimentation

Within the AMEDEUS European project, a work package is dedicated to biological modelling of Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) processes as well as the impact of a pre-treatment by primary sedimentation on sludge production, sludge characteristics and permeate quality. The supposed interest of this pre-treatment is to decrease sludge production and to improve oxygen transfer by decreasing sludge concentration.Two MBR pilots were operated side by side under the same operating conditions, one fed by screened (1 mm screen) raw municipal wastewater and the other by primary settled raw municipal wastewater. This side by side operation allows a true comparison of the performances and model calibration. In average, screened water was observed to contain 30% more solids than settled water. In this study, the sludge age was fixed at 40 days and then modified to 15 days to calibrate the model on a broad range of operating conditions in order to validate and identify the biological activated sludge model (ASM) limits.With a sludge retention time (SRT) of 15 days, sludge production is less important in the pilot fed by settled water because of better bio-accessibility behaviour of settled water. In comparison with ASM1 default parameter values, calibrated parameters are quite different concerning nitrification and denitrification because of an improvement of oxygen transfer induced by lower floc size distribution (K_OA = 0.25-0.3 g O₂/m³, K_OH = 0.1 g O₂/m³). With a SRT of 40 days, model calibration is not validated and the pilot fed with screened water has a sludge production reduction that is less important than the one of the pilot fed by settled water where accumulation of inert organic matter is observed.     

活性污泥废水处理系统的优化

提出了基于活性污泥处理系统的模型,目的是优化能量消耗和提高废水排出质量。采用ASM1模型来模拟生物反应,对包括硝化、反硝化和曝气等复杂过程的活性污泥废水处理系统进行了模拟和优化研究。对比模拟结果和优化结果得到以下结论:对废水处理过程进行优化后,提高了废水出口质量,出口处的TSS、COD、BOD和TKN全部满足环境标准,同时降低了操作费用(约1/4)。     

好氧颗粒污泥降解有机物的数学模拟

利用好氧颗粒污泥在不同F/M值条件下进行有机底物的批式降解试验,监测降解过程中底物的利用及溶解氧的消耗,采用活性污泥3号模型(ASM3)对降解过程进行数学模拟,利用Aquasim对模型的主要参数进行估计,得到异养菌的最大比生长速率(uH)为17.17 d-1,异养菌产率(YH)为0.74g[COD]/g[COD],储存物质产率(YSTO)为0.85g[COD/]g[COD];模型验证表明模型能够很好地描述好氧颗粒对有机物的降解过程。