Preparation and Properties of Modified Sol-Gel Sensing Membrane for Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensor

1　IntroductionWiththerapiddevelopmentoffiberopticsensingtechnology ,moreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtothestudyoffiberopticgassensors (FOGS)allovertheworld .FOGShavemanycharacteristicssuchashighaccu racy ,immunityfromthedisturbanceofelectricandmag neticfie…     

Nanocomposite films of V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript>−MoO<Subscript>3</Subscript> xerogel with poly ethylene oxide intercalation

Poly ethylene oxide (PEO)_x−V₂O₅−V₂O₅−MoO₃ (x=0, 0.5, 1) films were prepared by the sol-gel method. The synthesis and structure of the films were investigated by XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR, etc. The results show that V₂O₅−MoO₃ xerogel has a layered structure and its interlayer space increased from 1.3181 nm at x=0 to 1. 7898 nm at x=1 after the nanocomposite films were dried, and PEO in the interlayer changes the interface structure by forming hydrogen bonds with V=0 bands. CV measurement indicates that the intercalation of PEO improves insertion/extration properties of Li⁺ ions in the interlayer. ZHENG Jin-xia: Born in 1976 Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50172036) and Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No. 2001ABB083)     

Ferroelectric properties of Bi<Subscript>4</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>2.5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> thin films prepared on LaNiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> bottom electrode by sol-gel method

The Bi4Zr0.5Ti2.5O12 (BZT) thin films were fabricated on the LaNiO3 bottom electrode using sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of the films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, AFM and SEM. The results show that the films have a perovskite phase and dense microstructure. The 2Pr and 2Vc of the Pt/BZT/LaNiO3 capacitor are 28.2 μC/cm2 and 14.7 V respectively at an applied voltage of 25 V. After the switching of 1×1010 cycles, the Pr value decreases to 87% of its pre-fatigue values. The dielectric constant (ε) and the dissipation factor (tanδ) of the BZT thin films are about 204 and 0.029 at 1 kHz, respectively. The films show good insulating behavior according to the test of leakage current. The clockwise C-V hysteresis curve observed shows that the Pt/BZT/LaNiO3 structure has a memory effect because of the BZT film's ferroelectric polarization.     

Conformation of Organic Chain in Phase Transition of Hybrid （Cl2H25NH3）2MnCl4

The structural change in phase transition of hybrid （Cl2H25NH3）2MnCl4 was investigated. The temperature and the structures of the phase transition is investigated by thermal gravimetry （TG） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, infrared spectrum （IR） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results suggest that the phase transition is reversible and the structural change arises from the conformation change of the organic chain. The interlayer distance increases when the hybrid transforms from low temperature phase to high temperature phase. This is explained by the diffusion of gauche-bond along the organic chains and they move away from each other when the phase transition occurs. Combining the experimental data with theoretical calculation, we propose that organic chain of the hybrid in high temperature phase is the conformation of gauche-bond alternating with trans bond （noted as GTG＇TGTG＇TGTG＇T）.     

The Antibacterial Effect of Silver-carrying B2O3-SiO2-Na2O Glass Material

The antibacterial effect of carrying silver B2O3-SiO2-Na2 O gloss material was studied by means of antibacterial ring, nephelometery , MIC value, thin film attachment and microcalorimetry , respectively.The experimental results of five kinds of antibacterial test methods are almost identical and can verify that carrying silver B2 O3-SiO2-Na2 O glass material exerts an excellent antibacterial performance. Antibacterial ring and nephelometety are simple, quick, but the precision is restrictive. MIC value, thin film attachment method and meicrocalorimetry can quantitatively compare the antibacterial effects of the antibacterial glass material. Compared with the traditional microbe test methods, the microcalorimetry can analyze the inhibiting effect of the cell‘ s growth and metabolism on the antibacterial gloss material by monitoring the thermal effect continuously and automatically .     

Ferroelectric properties of Bi3.4Ho0.6Ti3O12 thin films prepared by sol-gel method

We have prepared the Ho-substituted bismuth titanate (Bi_3.4Ho_0.6Ti₃O₁₂, BHT) thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates using sol-gel method. The crystal structure and morphology of the films were characterized using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The BHT film shows a single phase of Bi-layered Aurivillius structure and dense microstructure. The 2Pr and 2Ec of the 600-nm-thick BHT film were 38.4 μC/cm² and 376.1 kV/cm, respectively at applied electric field 500 kV/cm. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss are about 310 and 0.015 at a frequency of 1 MHz, respectively. The Pr value decreased to 93% of its pre-fatigue values after 4.46×10⁹ switching cycles at 1 MHz frenquency, and the BHT film shows good insulating behavior according to the test of leakage current. Supported by the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2007ABA309)     

The Role of Calcium in Microstructural Refinement of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The effect of calcium addition on the microstructures of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated. It was found that a small amount of calcium in AZ91 allay produced a large decrease in the α- Mg grain size and the dispersed fine β-Mgt7 Alt2 phases. In addition, some Al4Ca particles were found to exist in the AZ91 alloy containing 0.5wt% Ca. EDS analysis and water-quenched technique revealed that the grain-refining mechanism of calcium for the AZ91 alloys was mainly attributed to the role of restricting growth of calcium in the primary α-Mg crystals.     

Polyaniline supported 12-tungstosilicic acid as the catalyst for acetals and ketals synthesis

A novel environmental friendly catalyst, H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/PAn was prepared and identified by FT-IR, XRD and TG/DTA. The optimal synthetic protocol was a PAn to H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ mass ratio of 1: 1, a 20 mL of methanol and a reaction time of 2 h at reflux. It was used in catalytic synthesis of ten important ketals and acetals with a high catalytic activity. With an aldehyde/ketone to glycol molar ratio of 1: 1.5 and a 1 wt% catalyst loading, the yields of ketals and acetals could reach 60.0%–93.8 % after 1 h. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2005ABA053), Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20471044)     

Synthesis and characterization of (PEO)<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>−(V<Subscript>0.85</Subscript>Mo<Subscript>0.15</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> nanocomposite films

(PEO) _x −(V_0.85Mo_0.15)₂O₅(x=0,0.5,1.0) nanocomposite films were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. The structure of the films was analyzed by XRD, and the DC electrical conductivity. Cyclic voltammogram and optical spectral transmittance were investigated. The results show that the (V_0.85Mo_0.15)₂O₅ xerogel has a layered structure and its interlayer space increased from 1.3181 nm at x=0 to 1.7897 nm at x=1.0. The introduction of MoO₃ improved the DC electrical conductivities of the films due to the generation of V₄₊ to maintain the electrical neutrality of the oxides. PEO intercalated in the interlayer of (V_0.85Mo_0.15)₂O₅ oxides has interaction with the oxides, enhancing the amount of Li⁺ ions inserted into the interlayer of the oxides. Moreover, the intercalation of PEO into the interlayer of (V_0.85Mo_0.15)₂O₅ oxides improved the cathodic electrochromic property in near ultraviolet region and anodic electrochromic property in visible range. JIANG Cong-sheng: Born in 1963 Supported by the Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2001ABB083)     

Optical Characteristics of Porous Glasses Matrix and Its Light-conducted Mechanism

The optical properties of matrix of porous glasses and phase separated glasses were investigated by visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy.The experimental results show that.both the porous glasses and phase-separated glasses hare very good light transmission in visible ligth region that wavelenth is longer than 560nm.The micropores of porous glasses and the boron-rich phase of phase-separated glasses have strong Rayleigh scatter effects on the visible light.the largest scatter occurrs at 360-370nm;the thicker the glasses.the larger the light scattering.Thus .the pore size disribution and thed size of heterogeneous micro zone in boron-rich phase of phase-separated glasses can be measured .After coupled into porours glasses.the most intense absorption of hydrated ious of [Co(H2O) 6]^2 shifts from 508 nm to 515nm.The production of the most intense absorption and the red shift were owde to Jahn-Teller of octahedral field formed by six H2O moleculur and perturbation effect resulted by microporous of porous glasses for its physics-chemical cirumstance.As a result.the porous glasses are perfect optical function materials in risible region.ichich can be assembled by chenvical method.     

Different Synthesis Methods for Ordered Mesoporous Silicas And Their Characteristics Comparison

1　IntroductionInorganicmesoporousmaterialshaveahighpotentialforapplicationsinthefieldsofcatalysis,adsorption ,sepa rationprocesses,biologymaterials,novelopticalmaterialsetc.Mesoporousmaterialshaverapidlyattractedresearchinterestsinthefieldofphysics,chemistryandmaterialssince 1 990s.Oneofthemostrepresentativemesoporousmaterialsismesoporoussilicapreparedbyusingalkylquaternaryammoniumcationicsurfactantsastemplate[1 3 ].Recently ,themesoporoussilicahasbecomeoneofthemostactivefieldsofhost guestass…     

Lithium Instertion in poly (ethylene oxide )/MoO3 Xerogel Nanocomposite Films

The nanocomposite films were prepared by direct intercalation of poly (ethylene oxide) and PEO into MoO3 xerogel via sol-gel route,The electrochromic behavior and the chemical conditionws of Li^ ions were investigated by cyclic voltammograms,UV-visible spectral transmittance and XPS,The tesults show that the cycling efficiency and the reversibility of insertion/extraciton of Li^ ions in (PEO)1 MoO3 .nH2O nanocomposite film were improved.The intercalation of PEO into MoO3 xerogel modulated the wavelength range of electrochromism and enhanced the electrochromic efficiney,Two different chemical conditions of Li^ ions existing in the interlayer and interstitial positions of MoO3 lattice were observed in MoO3 XEROGEL AND (PEO)1 MoO3.nH2O naocomposite films.     

The dynamics of acid treatment in the preparation of porous glass

1　IntroductionPorousglasswithahighsilicacontentisoneofnewfunctionalmaterials ,andithasaprosperousprospectinapplications .Inrecentyears ,porousglasswaspaidatten tionbyinternationalmaterialspecialistsandscholars[1 4] .However,thephase separationglasseswerefragileandbreakableduringtheacidtreatment,limitingtheapplica tionsofporousglass .Herein ,inthispapertheeffectsoftreatmenttime ,temperatureandacidconcentrationinthepreparationofporousglasswithhighsilicawereemphas izedonandthedynamicsandmechanis…     

Characteristics and Microstructure of Graphite Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles

The graphite encapsulatedα-Fe particles were prepared by reduction of stage-2 and stage-3 FeCl 3 graphite intercalation compounds(GICs)with metallic potassium.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)investigation and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) observation show that the reduction products of stage-2 FeCl 3 -GICs contains more abundantα-Fe nanoparticles than those of stage-3.High-resolution TEM(HRTEM)observation reveals that the nanoparticle ofα-Fe was polycrystals or twins,which was real or quasi two-dimension in shape,and whose space orientation was strictly controlled by the graphene.Based on the experiment results,a possible growth model of the graphite encapsulatedα-Fe was proposed.     

Microstructures and fatigue-free properties of the La<Superscript>3+</Superscript> and Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript> doped Bi<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> thin films prepared by modified sol-gel technique

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) and Bi_3.15Nd_0.85Ti₃O₁₂ (BNT) thin films were fabricated on Pt/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si (100) substrates by a modified sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction indicated that these films were of single phase with random polycrystalline orientations. The surface morphologies of the films were observed by scanning electron microscope, showing uniform, dense films with grain size of 50–100 nm. Well-saturated hysteresis loops of the films were obtained in metal-ferroelectric-metal type capacitors with Cu top electrodes at an applied voltage of 400 kV/cm, giving the remanent polarization (2P _r) and coercive field (2E _c) values of the films of 25.1 μC/cm² and 203 kV/cm for BLT, and 44.2 μC/cm² and 296 kV/cm for BNT, respectively. Moreover, these capacitors did not show fatigue behaviors after up to 1.75×10¹⁰ switching cycles at the test frequency of 1 MHz, suggesting a fatigue-free character. The influences of the La³⁺ and Nd³⁺ doping on the properties of the films were comparatively discussed. Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB932305) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (Grant No. 2004ABA082)     

Preparation and Properties of Dip-coated CeO2-TiO2 Thin Golden Glass Film

The golden and ultraviolet-absorbed CeO2-TiO2 film was prepared on soda-lime glass substrate with the thickness of 2 mm via the sol-gel method. The transmission spectra in range of 200 nm-800 nm were measured, and the crystallization, the abrasion and acid resistance were also investigated. The appropriate sol contents and heat-treatment schedule were determined. The results indicate that the appropriate molar ratio of Ce/Ti was 3：5 to 5：6. The ultraviolet-absorbance ability increased with the increase of the Ce/Ti molar ratio, but when the Ce/Ti molar ratio was higher than 1.5, the homogeneity of the film was deteriorated. With the increase of heat-treatment temperature, the main wavelengths of the color of the coated glasses were equal, but the color＇ s saturation decreased; the transmission peaks were the same, while the intensity of the peaks decreased. The roughness, abrasion and acid resistance of the film were also enhanced at the same time. The appropriate heat- treatment temperature may be 340℃.     

Synthesis ofNanocrystalline RuO2（60%）-SnO2（40%） Powders by Amorphous Citrate Route

Nanometer RuO2-SnO2 was synthesized by the citrate-gel method using RuCl3, SnCl4 as cation sources, citric acid as complexing agent and anhydrous ethanol as solvent. The structures of the derived powders were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement. The pure, fine and amorphous powders was obtained at 160℃. The materials calcined at above 400 ℃ were composed of rutile-type oxide phases having particle sizes of fairly narrow distribution and good thermal resistant properties. By adding SnO2 to RuO2, the Ru metallic phase can be effectively controlled under a traditional temperature of preparation for dimensional stable anode.     

Preparation of λ-MnO2 by Column Method and Its Ion-Sieve Property

λ-MnO₂ was prepared by column method from normal spinel LiMn₂O₄ with purity of 99.38%. The influence of LiMn₂O₄ grain size and acidity of leaching solution on the lithium leaching process was studied. The results show that the appropriate range of LiMn₂O₄ grain size was 60–160 meshes and the concentration of leaching solution HCl was 0.1 mol·L⁻¹. The adsorption capacity Q of λ-MnO₂ for lithium increased with the increase of pH and changed markedly at pH 6.0–10.0. It was 3.80mmol/g at pH 12.0 The distribution coefficients K_d of Li⁺ and Na⁺ were 3.406×10⁴ and 2.300 respectively, and the separation coefficient a _Na ^Li was 1.481 ×10⁴ at pH 6.5. As a result, λ-MnO₂ is a high performance ion-sieve material for lithium ion. LEI Jia-heng: Born in 1957. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59972027) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2002AB074)).     

Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of 0-3 PZT/PVDF Composite Doped with Polyaniline

Lead zirconate titanate （ PZT ） / polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） 0-3 piezoelectric composites doped with polyaniline （PANI） were obtained by hot-press method. The polarization properties of the composites were characterized by XRD and P- E hysteresis loops at room temperature. And the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were also measured. The results show that the poling of PZT could be effectively carried oat and the dielectric constant e, and dissipation tanδ increase monatonously by increasing the volume fraction of PANI in the composite. The piezoelectric constant d33, and the planar electromechanical coupling factor kp increase while the mechanical quality factor Qm decreases with the increase in the content of PANI. The d33, kp and Qm show the extremum values at 8 vol%-10 vol% PANI.     

The Mechanism of Sol-Gel Synthesis of Normal Spinel LiMn2O4 with Chelation of Citric Acid

The sol-gel process of citric acid chelating with metal cations for the synthesis of normol spinel LiMn2O4 and the reaction mechanion mechavism were investigated by means of XRD,TG-DTA,and SEM ,the results show that at the beginning lithium citrate and chelate compound of citic acid with manganese ions formed ,and then with heating the esterification and condensation reacions occured between them and glyol ,The products obtained are polymers in which metal cations are distibuted homogeneously on atomic scale that ensur hight reacivity to cations of Li^ and Mn^2 ,Firing the gel grepared by this process ,the lattice diffusions of solid reactant ions caused by non-homogeneity of reactants are elinimated and avoided .At 400℃ phase-pure LiMn2O4 with nanometer scale crystallization having precise stoichiometry and perfect crystallization can be obtained ,The model of chelate coordinated of double -molecule between citric acid and Mn^2 in the gel network is proosed ,It is important for explaining the dispersion state of Mn^2 and the formaiton process of gel by this model.