不同功率He-Ne激光穴位照射镇痛作用的研究

近年来He-Ne激光照射穴位用作手术麻醉，国内已有报导，但在实践经验及基础理论方面尚缺乏资料。作者为了进一步对He-Ne激光穴位照射后镇痛作用的研究，用高功率（20mW）和低率（2mW）激光对63只大白鼠分组进行足三里穴位照射，观察痛阈和局部皮温变化及机体反应，     

采用He—Ne激光照射促进耳部手术后干耳

我们从1981年5月至1983年1月使用He—Ne激光（输出功率25mW）连接导光纤维后（此时激光功率为2mW）进行照射，促进耳部手术后干耳，共治疗86例（89只耳），其中鼓膜修补59例（62只耳）、鼓室成形17例、乳突根治术10例。     

不同功率He-Ne激光穴位照射镇痛作用的研究

一、用不同功率（2mW，20mW）He-Ne激光作动物穴位照射15-20分钟后，发现都能提高动物的抗痛能力，停止照射后痛阈在一小对内降至未照射时的水平，但如持续照射能维持已提高的痛阈。 二、不同功率激光照射对痛周提高幅度无显著性差异。 三、动物经不同功率激光照射后皮温大多数有升高现象。 四，低功率激光对机体软组织穿透深度为1．5cm上下，高功率为2．0cm上下。五、激光照射后动物剖腹探查，发现照射2、3次以上的动物，肠系膜、胃同膜和肠曲表面有充血现象。     

急性盆腔炎中氧自由基的变化及激光照射的影响

急性盆腔炎中氧自由基的变化及激光照射的影响富光华，金惠民，王中中，陈桂英（天津市职工医学院）（武装警察部队医学院）Ｔｈｅｆｒｅｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｌｅｖｅｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎａｃｕｔｅｅｎｄｏｍｅｔｒｉｔｉｓａｎｄｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｌａｓｅｒｒａｄｉ...     

激光在耳鼻咽喉科的临床应用

我院应用CO2激光和He-Ne激光作手术和照射治疗本科疾病165例，（其中手术73例，照射92例），取得一定疗效，现介绍如下。     

He—Ne激光穴位照射治疗偏头痛35例

本文采用He-Ne激光穴位照射治疗35例偏头痛患者,同时设立普通电针刺法治疗30例作为对照组,并观察了He-Ne激光治疗组部分患者治疗前后甲襞微循环16例及脑血流图20例的变化情况。结果表明,He-Ne激光组治疗效果明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）。说明He-Ne激光穴位照射对于改善微循环调节颅内外血管功能具有显著作用。     

氦-氖激光穴位照射对人体胆碱酯酶变化的研究

临床实践及动物实验的大量资料已证明He-Ne激光穴位照射有镇痛作用，关于镇痛机制研究已引起人们的重视，其中重庆第一人民医院间接测定了激光照射后有类吗啡样物质（内啡呔）存在。作者也发现了兔被激光照射后香草扁桃酸有下降现象，说明激光镇痛与神经递质有一定的关系。我们以正常人作He-Ne激光照射，测定照射前后全血胆碱酯酶的变化，以进一步探索He-Ne激光镇痛机理。     

He－Ne激光抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

本文采用２４ｍＷＨｅ－Ｎｅ激光器照射Ｓ＿（１８０）实体瘤小鼠及胃癌移植瘤鼠脾区，观测激光对肿瘤形成的影响。结果表明，激光照射组小鼠瘤块明显小于非激光照射组，组间比较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此证明，Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射脾区具有抗肿瘤作用。     

CO2激光照射对大鼠血浆血栓素和前列环素的影响

ＣＯ_２激光照射对大鼠血浆血栓素和前列环素的影响傅征（南开大学生物化学及分子生物学系）富光华（天津卫生职工医院）徐东琴（天津中医学院病理教研室）ＰｌａｓｍａＴｘＢ_２ａｎｄ６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）ＣｏｎｔｅｎｔＣｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎＲａｔｓＴｒｅａｔ?..     

激光穴位照射对大鼠束旁核单位伤害性反应的影响

48个束旁核痛敏单位在激光穴位照射后，有16个单位（33．33％）的痛敏放电被明显抑制，13个单位（27．1％）的痛敏放电受到部分抑制；其余19个单位（39．6%）的痛敏放电在激光照射前后未见明显变化，在4个激光照射有明显抑制效应的单位，注射吗啡受体阻断剂纳络酮后，有3个单位的抑制效应被明显削弱，另外1个单位的抑制效应依然存在。在3个痛敏放电不受激光照射影响的单位，注射吗啡后只有1个单位的痛敏放电受到明显抑制。     

毛细胞白血病中毛细胞的超微结构特征

应用透射电镜观察6例毛细胞白血病（HCL）患者外周血、骨髓血和脾细胞悬液中毛细胞的超微结构特征。结果显示,毛细胞表面微绒毛较多,呈细长指状或环状,或为粗大细胞突起;胞质内细胞器丰富,偶见核糖体-板层复合体（RLC）。结果提示毛细胞表面的微绒毛是HCL超微病理诊断的重要依据,而RLC是HCL诊断和治疗的参考依据。     

微型燃料电池扩大了移动电话手机的电源选择范围

Manhattan Scientifics公司（位于纽约州的纽约市）采用了微型燃料电池技术,开发了一种称为Power Holster（意思是:可以挎在腰间皮带上的充电电源）的充电电源。这是一种便携式产品,既可以做为移动电话充电器,又可以充当电话手机携带器。它可以使电话手机的电池在手机不工作时,立即“重新补充（topped　off）”足了电。 下一代的移动电话手机要求电源比现有的充电电池具有更大的容量,以便使电话的工作时间能够工作得更长。Power Holster由于可以使电话手机的内部电池立即迅速地重新补充足电,因此可以提高用户手机的漫游能力。 这种燃料电池使用一种由一次性安瓿安装的甲醇作燃料,并且也可以使用一种盒装的气体氢作燃料。（后者的氢气是通过氢硼化钠与水的作用产生的。）     

Dependence of induced transmembrane potential on cell density,arrangement, and cell position inside a cell system

A nonuniform transmembrane potential (TMP) is induced on a cell membrane exposed to external electric field. If the induced TMP is above the threshold value, cell membrane becomes permeabilized in a reversible process called electropermeabilization. Studying electric potential distribution on the cell membrane gives us an insight into the effects of the electric field on cells and tissues. Since cells are always surrounded by other cells, we studied how their interactions influence the induced TMP. In the first part of our study, we studied dependence of potential distribution on cell arrangement and density in infinite cell suspensions where cells were organized into simple-cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic lattice. In the second part of the study, we examined how induced TMP on a cell membrane is dependent on its position inside a three-dimensional cell cluster. Finally, the results for cells inside the cluster were compared to those in infinite lattice. We used numerical analysis for the study, specifically the finite-element method (FEM). The results for infinite cell suspensions show that the induced TMP depends on both: cell volume fraction and cell arrangement. We established from the results for finite volume cell clusters and layers, that there is no radial dependence of induced TMP for cells inside the cluster.     

Effect of intercell interference on cell boundary users in three‐cell and seven‐cell HetCN

Indoor and cell‐edge coverage has been a major issue of concern for predeployed traditional macrocell (MC)–based homogeneous cellular network. Moreover, with the extensive increase of mobile users and developments of smart and highly specified devices, user demands and activities have led to huge cellular traffic. The key solutions to these that include network upgradation, overlaying of small cells (SCs), and scaling of resources have turned out to be the major causes for intercell interference (ICI) and energy‐efficiency degradation in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetCNs). In this paper, authors have tried to analyze the downlink performance metrics of cell boundary users with MCs overlaying SCs for three‐cell circular and seven‐cell sectorized networks through frequency reuse (FR) schemes. This paper also discusses the impact of ICI being encountered by users and the effect of SCs on the energy efficiency of the network. The locations for SCs are perceived where user density is large and demands high data rate such as at hot‐spot (HS) areas, railway stations, shopping malls, working farms, and organization. The performance metrics sum rate, average user throughput, and energy efficiency are compared by employing FR‐1 (full spectrum) and FR‐3 (three subbands) among MCs and deployed SCs. For both scenarios, simulation results and analyses depict that without SCs, utilization of FR‐1 results in performance degradation due to ICI effects. However, the downlink performance of cell boundary user and energy efficiency of the network could be enhanced by overlaying SCs near cell boundaries of preexisting MCs along with the allocation of FR‐1.     

Operation voltage dependence of memory cell characteristics in fully depleted floating-body cell

A one-transistor memory cell on silicon-on-insulator, called floating-body cell (FBC), has been developed and demonstrated. Threshold voltage difference between the "0"-state and the "1"-state, which is a key parameter for realizing a large-scale memory by FBCs, is measured and analyzed using a 96 kb array diagnostic monitor (ADM). A function test of the ADM yielded a fail-bit probability of 0.002%. A new metric relating to the fail-bit probability, that is, the ratio of the threshold voltage difference over the total threshold voltage variation, is introduced and applied to the measurement results. Read current distributions are also evaluated for various operation voltages. This paper also investigates substrate bias dependence of the threshold voltage unique to fully-depleted devices. Channel impurity and substrate impurity concentration dependence of the threshold voltage are analyzed based on experimental data and device simulation.     

Smart microrobots for mechanical cell characterization and cell convoying

This paper deals with the effective design of smart microrobots for both mechanical cell characterization and cell convoying for in vitro fertilization. The first microrobotic device was developed to evaluate oocyte mechanical behavior in order to sort oocytes. A multi-axial micro-force sensor based on a frictionless magnetic bearing was developed. The second microrobotic device presented is a cell convoying device consisting of a wireless micropusher based on magnetic actuation. As wireless capabilities are supported by this microrobotic system, no power supply connections to the micropusher are needed. Preliminary experiments have been performed regarding both cell transporting and biomechanical characterization capabilities under in vitro conditions on human oocytes so as to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed setups.     

Parameters of solar cell arrays

This paper presents an analytically derived method of combining nonidentical solar cell parameters to obtain a single-exponential approximation for an array. It was assumed that the arrayI-Vequation is of the same form as that of the single cell. The array possesses two photocurrents: one at the open circuit voltage and the other depends on load current.     

Optimal segmentation of cell images

An optimal segmentation algorithm for light microscopic cell images is presented. The image segmentation is performed by thresholding a parametric image approximating the original image. Using the mean squared error between the original and the constructed image as the cost function, the segmentation problem is transformed into an optimisation process where parametric parameters are determined that minimise the defined cost function. The cost function is iteratively minimised using an unsupervised learning rule to adjust the parameters, and a parametric image is constructed at each iteration, based on the obtained parameters. The cell region is extracted by thresholding the final parametric image, where the threshold is one of the image parameters. Application results to real cervical images are provided to show the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Experimental segmentation results are presented for the proposed optimal algorithm for synthetic cell images corrupted by variant levels of noise; these results are compared with the K-means clustering method and Bayes classifier in terms of classification errors     

电流元DAC设计

介绍一个12位的DAC设计.它将整个12位分成两部分,低4位采用权重式电流元形式,高8位采用矩阵式电流元形式.这种方法可以广泛应用于各种DAC的设计.     

Characterization of the cell leakage of a stacked trench capacitor(STT) cell

The cell leakage of a stacked trench capacitor (STT) cell has been investigated. The major leakage mechanisms of the STT are trench-to-trench leakage, trench junction leakage, and LOCOS isolation leakage. It is shown that compared to a conventional trench capacitor, the trench-to-trench leakage current is reduced and high punchthrough voltage is obtained. Therefore, the trench-to-trench spacing can be reduced 0.1 μm shorter than that of the trench capacitor. These reductions result from the STT structure itself. The surface leakage current, which is the dominant leakage current in the trench capacitor, does not flow in the STT. This paper also describes the effect of the sidewall damage caused by trench etching on the trench junction leakage. Reactive ion etching (RIE) produces deep levels just beneath the trench surface. But, the trench junction of the STT is not influenced by these deep levels because the trench surface is covered by a n^-diffused layer. This paper also investigates the relationship between the cell leakage and the retention time. At DRAM operation temperatures, LOCOS isolation leakage is dominant rather than trench junction leakage. Therefore, the deeper trench can increase the storage capacitance and improve the retention time