一种以不同信号识别Cu2+、Mg2+和Al3+的高选择性荧光化学传感器

本文设计合成了一种查耳酮香豆素(L),经元素分析、1H-NMR及质谱对其结构进行了表征.在乙醇溶剂中采用荧光光谱法考查了L对Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Ap+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Hg2+及Cu2+的荧光响应.结果表明,Cu2+、Mg2+和Al3+离子可分别使L产生不同的荧光信号,Cu2+可以有效猝灭L在405nm处的荧光,Mg2+和Ap+分别使L在548nm及595nm处产生新的荧光峰.L可以作为定量检测Cu2+、Mg2+和Al3+离子的一种高选择性荧光化学传感器.     

以香豆素为母体的荧光探针的合成、离子识别及拟合计算研究

设计合成了含噻唑和腙结构的香豆素类钴离子荧光探针分子CCo,其结构用1HNMR和13CNMR进行了表征,考察了其光谱性能和电化学性能,并对其结构进行了拟合计算研究。CCo在常见金属离子(Cd2+、Co2+、Na+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cu+、K+、Mg2+、Ag+、Ni2+、Cr3+)中能够选择性地识别Co2+。滴加Co2+后探针吸收光谱红移60 nm,荧光光谱蓝移75 nm。探针分子溶液在三电极系统及四丁基高氯酸胺作电解质下能用于Hg2+的检测。通过拟合计算进一步验证了探针吸收光谱峰值与实验值一致。     

啤酒酵母吸附去除水中Cd~(2+)的影响因素

生物吸附法是一种经济有效的处理大规模低浓度重金属废水的生物技术,其中啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是具有实用潜力的生物吸附剂。本文研究了啤酒酵母对Cd2+吸附效果的主要影响因素,结果表明pH值对Cd2+会产生较大的影响,非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cd2+吸附的最佳pH值都为4,过高和过低均不利于吸附的进行。水中常见的K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+四种离子在低浓度时对Cd2+的吸附无显著影响,但当其浓度高于5mg/L时会影响吸附,其影响顺序为K+Na+Ca2+Mg2+;Zn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Pb2+对Cd2+的吸附效果影响顺序为Pb2+Zn2+Fe2+Cu2+;当Cu2+浓度≥50mg/L时,啤酒酵母对Cd2+不产生性吸附,而对Cu2+产生专性吸附。     

一种硝基酚荧光传感器的合成及其对金属离子的识别

以二乙醇胺、氯乙酰氯、4-硝基苯酚为原料设计合成了4-(N,N-二乙醇基乙酰胺氧基)硝基苯(1),经元素分析、1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。在甲醇溶剂中采用荧光光谱法研究了化合物1对Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Hg2+的选择性识别性能。结果表明,化合物1对Mn2+和Cu2+有特殊的识别传感性能,Mn2+可以显著地增大化合物1在410nm处的荧光峰强度,而Cu2+的加入能够有效地猝灭化合物1的荧光。Job’s法测定表明1-Mn2+形成了1∶4配合物,根据Stern-Volmer公式,Cu2+对化合物1荧光的影响属于动态猝灭过程。     

焙烧镁铝类水滑石对Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附性能研究

通过控制变量法考察温度、浓度对焙烧镁铝类水滑石得到的层状双金属氧化物(LDO)吸附Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺单一离子及其共存体系的影响。结果表明,LDO对单一离子吸附效果均较好,温度升高,有利于LDO吸附Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺;Cu²⁺-Cd²⁺、Cd²⁺-Zn²⁺共存时,LDO吸附效果为Cu²⁺> Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺> Cd²⁺;三者共存时,LDO吸附效果为Cu²⁺> Zn²⁺> Cd²⁺。     

高聚物萃取分离光度法测定Pb2+

利用非挥发性水溶性高聚物的水溶液在无机盐存在下可分成两相的特点,讨论了Pb2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+混合液中Pb2+的分离和测定条件,实现了Cd2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Zn2+与Pb2+的定量分离和测定,结果表明方法简便、可靠、快速,在Pb2+含量0～4.0μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系.回收率在95%～105%.     

双对二甲氨基苯甲醛缩连氮的合成及其对金属离子的识别

以水合肼和对二甲氨基苯甲醛为原料设计合成了双对二甲氨基苯甲醛缩连氮(1),经元素分析、1H-NMR及质谱对其结构进行了表征。在甲醇-水(V/V=4:1)混合溶剂中采用UV-Vis光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了化合物1对H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Hg2+及Cu2+的选择性识别性能。结果表明,化合物1的紫外-可见光谱仅对H+有特殊的选择敏感性;其荧光光谱对H+、Mn2+和Co2+有显著的识别传感能力,三种离子均可有效地猝灭化合物1的荧光。根据Stern-Volmer公式,Mn2+和Co2+对化合物1荧光的影响属于动态猝灭过程。     

一种Cu(Ⅱ)的高识别水溶型化学传感器

以二乙醇胺和2-羟基-5-硝基苄基溴为原料合成了N-(2-钾氧基-5-硝基苄基)二乙醇钾基胺传感器分子(L)。由元素分析、1HNMR等进行了结构表征。在水溶剂中采用紫外-可见光谱法研究了H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Hg2+及Pb2+对L光谱的影响。结果表明,L分子的紫外-可见光谱仅对体系中的H+和Cu2+有特殊的选择敏感性,在体系的pH或Cu2+浓度增大时,L在311 nm处的吸收峰会发生不同程度的红移并伴随强度的增大;此基于H+和Cu2+离子调制传感器L分子内电荷转移跃迁的传感机制。     

改性海泡石对废水中Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+ 吸附性能的研究

用盐酸溶液对海泡石进行处理和在450℃灼烧,制备出改性海泡石。在动态条件下,研究了改性海泡石对重金属离子Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+的吸附效果及吸附条件。同时探讨了改性海泡石对重金属离子Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+的吸附机理。含Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+的冶金废水经改性海泡石吸附后,重金属离子含量显著低于国家排放标准。     

一种酰腙冠醚的合成及其对金属离子的识别

合成了N-(3-硝基苯甲醛乙酰腙基)苯并氮杂-15-冠-5,利用1HNMR、质谱和元素分析等进行了结构表征。在V(水)∶V(甲醇)=1∶1混合溶剂中采用UV-Vis光谱法研究了其对H+、Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+及Hg2+的识别性质。结果表明,该酰腙冠醚的UV-Vis光谱对体系中的H+、Hg2+和Cu2+有特殊的识别传感性。当p H增大时,该酰腙冠醚在272 nm处的吸收峰会降低,同时在308 nm处产生一个新的吸收峰;光谱滴定实验测得该酰腙冠醚与Hg2+和Cu2+均以1∶1的化学计量比键合。     

An improvement of color electrophoretic paint via ultrafine modified pigment paste

The ultrafine paste used in electrophoretic paint was prepared via ultrasonic method with pigment yellow 83 (P.Y.83), octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and deionized water. The average particle size of the ultrafine paste was only 196?nm and zeta potential was 30?mV with ultrasound for 30?min and 2?wt.% cationic dispersant. The conductivity of the paint was improved as the cationic dispersant increased. Centrifugal stability of the paint with ultrafine paste reached the maximum at 2?wt.% cationic dispersant. Compared with the performances of cathodic electrophoretic paint with the ultrafine yellow paste, the anodic film was smooth, uniform, and neat with 0.5?wt.% cationic dispersant in the ultrafine yellow paste. Deposited amount of the anodic film was 27?g/m², which was higher than the cathodic film. The curing property, adhesion, and chemical resistance of the cathodic film were better than the anodic film. Properties of five color cathodic paints (blue, yellow, red, black, and green) were discussed and were compared with the film of electrophoretic paint containing commercial pastes. Except the green film, the blue, yellow, red, and black films were smooth, fine, and uniform, and also provided good L-effect. The deposited amount of these films with excellent adhesive force was about 14–19?g/m². The electrophoretic paints containing modified pigment pastes and commercial pigment pastes present good adhesion and chemical resistance.     

沙棘黄色素稳定性的研究

研究了沙棘果实中黄色素的稳定性。结果表明 :p H值对色素色泽影响不明显 ,该色素适用于酸性或弱碱性的食品。氧化剂 ( H2 O2 )、还原剂 ( Na2 SO3 )、葡萄糖、金属离子 ( Na+ 、Zn2 + 、Ca2 + )对色素无不良影响 ,而 Cu2 + 、Fe3 + 对色素的色泽有一定影响。色素的热稳定性较好 ,其热降解遵循一级反应动力学规律。光对色素有明显的降解作用 ,在自然光照条件下 ,放置 2天色素就降解了 68.3% ,放置 8天降解 88.93%     

Transparent plasticised PVC film with ultraviolet and high-energy visible light shielding performance

In this paper, the ultraviolet (UV) absorbers and pigment yellow were added into the plasticised poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films for the purpose of improving the UV and high-energy visible light (HEV) shielding performance. The optical properties were investigated by a Ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UVPC) spectrophotometer and a transmission & haze meter. It was found that all the samples exhibited high transmittance and low haze. UV326 was more effective than UV531 as an UV absorber. Pigment yellow played a positive role in the optical properties. By a simple combination of 0.5?phr UV326 and 6?×?10^?3?phr pigment yellow, more than 80% optical transparency in the visible light range (400–800?nm) and 90% shielding efficiency of UV light (from 200 to 400?nm) were realised. Furthermore, the presence of pigment yellow in PVC matrix could effectively block HEV, and the average transmittance of HEV decreased with the increasing pigment yellow concentration.     

Al（OH）3@Zn（OH）2双层包覆氧化铁黄合成及其耐热性能研究

采用共沉淀法对铁黄颜料进行Al（OH）₃/Zn（OH）₂双层异相包覆,提升其耐热性能,并通过XRD、TG-DTA、FT-IR、SEM&EDS等手段对包覆前后铁黄颜料的微观结构进行表征。研究结果表明,包覆质量分数为40%的Al（OH）₃时铁黄颜料的耐热性能较好;第二层包覆Zn（OH）₂,最优包覆质量分数为30%,样品在240 ℃时色差值为1.84。XRD测试结果表明,Al（OH）₃和Zn（OH）₂包覆并没有改变氧化铁黄的特征峰,两者可能以无定形态包覆在铁黄粒子表面。SEM、EDS、FT-IR测试表明,Al（OH）₃/Zn（OH）₂已成功对铁黄颜料进行了包覆;此外,还出现了片状结构对应Al（OH）₃自身成核现象,包锌后出现了团聚现象。TG-DTA表征显示,包覆后样品升温脱水分两步,低温吸热峰对应包覆层物质的脱水,高温吸热峰偏向更高温度,对应包覆颜料耐热性能的提升。     

New Yellow Ceramic Pigment Based on Codoping Pyrochlore-type Y2Ti2O7 with V5+ and Ca2+

A new yellow pigment with the pyrochlore structure Ca_xY_{2− x} V _x Ti_{2− x} O₇ was prepared as a substitute for the decreasing variety of available yellow ceramic pigments due to the severe regulation of toxic lead and cadmium. The solubility limit of vanadium in this pigment was found to be 1.5 wt% as V₂O₅ or 0.13 as x in the above formula expression. Characterization of vanadium in the vanadium pyrochlore yellow pigment by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and electron spin resonance showed that the oxidation state of vanadium was V⁵⁺ and its yellow color mostly originated from V⁵⁺ substituted for Ti⁴⁺. Comparison of color characteristics of Ca_xY_{2− x} V _x Ti_{2− x} O₇ with those of commercial V–SnO₂ and V–ZrO₂ revealed that Ca _x Y_{2− x} V _x Ti₂₋O₇ had better color strength and brightness than the commercial pigments.     

Color and Vanadium Valency in V-Doped ZrO2

The distribution and chemical states of vanadium in V-doped ZrO₂ were studied to clarify the origin of the color of vanadium-zirconium yellow pigment in comparison with vanadium-tin yellow pigment. ESCA data and measurements of lattice constants of V-doped ZrO₂ revealed that vanadium was dissolved mainly as V⁴⁺ substituting for Zr in ZrO₂ lattice, and its solubility limit was 0.5 wt% as V₂O₅. It was found that the yellow color of vanadium-zirconium yellow was produced predominantly by the dissolved vanadium and that the contribution of vanadium oxide on ZrO₂ grains to the yellow color was about 1/30 of that of the dissolved vanadium when compared on the basis of equimolar quantity of vanadium. Most of the undissolved vanadium oxide was in an amorphous or a poorly crystallized state.     

Environmental-friendly yellow pigment based on Tb and M (M = Ca or Ba) co-doped Y2O3

A yellow inorganic ceramic pigment with general formula Y_1.86?xM_xTb_0.14O_3?x/2 (M = Ca and/or Zn) with x = 0.06, 0.32 and 0.64 were synthesized by a modified Pechini method. XRD, SEM and HRTEM/EDX analysis showed the formation of solid solution at 1300 °C when x = 0.06 and 0.32. The best b* yellow coordinates were obtained for Ca and Zn co-doped Y_1.86Tb_0.14O₃ samples. The intensity of the yellow colour in the samples is related to the presence of Tb⁴⁺ ions. Samples with higher concentration of Tb⁴⁺ ions lead to a better yellow colour. The chemical stability of these pigments was determinate in an industrial glaze. The glazing tests indicated that the powder samples with x = 0.06 and 0.32 fired at 1300 °C were stable in the glaze. These results make it a potential candidate for environmental friendly yellow ceramic pigment to be used in applications such as pigment for glazes or inkjet printers.     

Synthesis and characterization of PrxZr1-xSiO4 (x = 0–0.08) yellow pigments via non-hydrolytic sol-gel method

Yellow inorganic pigments Pr_xZr_1-xSiO₄ (x?=?0–0.08) have been prepared by a novel non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method at 750?°C for 2?h. Replacing Pr⁴⁺ for Zr⁴⁺ in ZrSiO₄ increased the cell volume and changed the color from white to yellow gradually. The Si―O―Zr and Si―O―Pr bands were observed in the FT-IR spectra of xerogel, indicating it could reach homogeneous mixing at the atomic level. Therefore, it promoted the solid solution reaction between Pr and zircon at low temperature. The samples exhibit high doping limitation (x?=?0.08) and brilliant yellow hue (b^*?=?69.48) in contrast with the previously reported praseodymium zircon yellow pigments. The intense of yellow hue was increased with increasing the Pr doping content due to the increase of Pr⁴⁺/Pr³⁺ species. After applying on bisque ceramic tiles, the pigment exhibited excellent coloration, high thermal stability and low solubility in molten glazes, indicating its potential application in ceramic decoration.     

鸡骨草色素的超声提取及稳定性研究

采取超声波辅助提取鸡骨草色素的单因素实验和正交试验,确定最佳工艺条件,并研究色素的稳定性。超声提取法的优化工艺条件为:料液比为(g∶mL)1∶50,超声辅助功率140W,提取时间30min,提取温度为70℃,提取剂为50%乙醇。鸡骨草色素对光的稳定性较好;在室温下亦很稳定,温度升高其降解速度加快,对热稳定性较差;食品添加剂对其稳定性影响较小;耐氧化性较好,耐还原性稍差;K+、Na+、Mg2+和Ga2+等离子对色素基本无影响,Fe3+、Zn2+和Cu2+等对其稳定性有一定影响。该方法提取色素缩短了提取时间,更有效、更经济。     

耐高温钒酸铋黄色颜料的制备

为了提高钒酸铋(BiVO4)黄色颜料的耐高温性,利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的水解反应,在BiVO4表面形成SiO2膜,使钒酸铋黄色颜料经过1 000℃的高温煅烧,依然颜色鲜艳。通过实验确定了制备耐高温钒酸铋黄色颜料的适宜工艺条件:在室温下,TEOS浓度为0.14 mol/L,反应2 h并陈化约20 h,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)质量分数为0.4%,包覆2次SiO2。采用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、差热分析仪对产品进行了表征,并得出结论:复合颗粒红外光谱显示,表面存在SiO2标准谱图中的特征吸收峰;X射线衍射证实SiO2以四方晶相包覆于BiVO4表面;差热分析结果表明,包覆的SiO2起到了防止BiVO4烧结的作用。