Influence of dehydrating agents on the oxidative carbonylation of methanol for dimethyl carbonate synthesis over a Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst

The influence of the dehydration by metal oxides on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) via oxidative carbonylation of methanol was studied. A Cu/Y-zeolite catalyst was prepared by the ion exchange method from CuCl_2·2 H_2O and the commercial NH_4-form of the Y type zeolite. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence(XRF), N_2 adsorption(BET method), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH_3-TPD) to evaluate its Cu and Cl content, surface area, structure, and acidity. Reaction tests were carried out using an autoclave(batch reactor) for 18 h at 403 K and 5.5 MPa(2CH_3OH + 1/2O_2+CO?(CH_3O)_2CO + H_2O). The influence of various dehydrating agents(ZnO, MgO, and CaO) was examined with the aim of increasing the methanol conversion(X_(MeOH), MeOH conversion). The MeOH conversion increased upon addition of metal oxides in the order CaO MgO ZnO, with the DMC selectivity(SDMC) following the order MgO CaO ZnO. The catalysts and dehydrating agents were characterized before and after the oxidative carbonylation of methanol by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric(TG/DTG), and XRD to confirm that the dehydration reaction occurred via the metal oxide(MO + H_2O → M(OH)_2). The MeOH conversion increased from 8.7% to 14.6% and DMC selectivity increased from 39.0% to 53.1%, when using the dehydrating agent CaO.     

甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂研究进展

碳酸二甲酯(DMC)是一种重要的绿色有机合成中间体。在合成DMC的方法中,甲醇氧化羰基化法对设备腐蚀小、原料易得、产物易分离,有着诱人的工业化前景。文中介绍了该反应中所使用的Co、Pd、Cu和Au这4类催化剂的结构特点和催化性能,比较了不同催化剂在氧化羰基化中的催化效果。为了进一步提高催化剂的活性、选择性、减少其腐蚀性,开发出性能更好的工业催化剂,可以通过研究催化反应机理,并通过添加助剂和载体来实现。其中无卤铜系催化剂是今后羰基化合成DMC的重要研究方向。     

CO_2直接合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂的研究进展

碳酸二甲酯(DMC)是一种重要的绿色化工原料,在工业、农业、医药行业等领域得到广泛的应用。碳酸二甲酯的合成方法有多种,其中光气甲醇法、酯交换法、氧化羰基化法已经工业化,但由于各自的缺点,限制了其规模化。近年来,研究较多的也是公认最绿色环保的合成方法是用二氧化碳与甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯。介绍了这种方法所应用的催化剂及其催化机理研究的进展状况,并对诸多催化剂存在的问题提出建议。     

Coupling reaction and azeotropic distillation for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

A new process, coupling reaction and azeotropic distillation was proposed for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from glycerol (G) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The bench scale experimental investigation was systematically conducted for this new process. With calcium oxide (CaO) as the solid catalyst, the high yield of glycerol carbonate can be obtained at a low molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to glycerol with the method of coupling reaction and azetropic distillation. The effect of azeotropic agents on glycerol carbonate yield was explored, and indicated that benzene was the most effective azeotropic agent. The effects of the process parameters, tower height, amount of added benzene, final temperature of tower bottom and reflux ratio were investigated. Glycerol carbonate yield can be as high as 98% under the conditions at molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to glycerol 1:1, final temperature of tower bottom 85 °C, 1.5 mass ratio of added benzene to that in the azeotrope with methanol theoretically produced and reflux ratio 4. By continuously removing methanol from reaction system with the method of coupling reaction and azeotropic distillation, the yield of glycerol carbonate can be retained at high level using the recycled catalyst.     

Simultaneous synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using homogenous basic catalyst

A novel method simultaneously to prepare dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate from ethylene carbonate and methyl methacrylate has been demonstrated in the presence of catalyst sodium methoxide and polymerization inhibitor ZJ-705. The effect of reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, polymerization inhibitor loading, concentration of reactants, reaction time, etc., on synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was investigated. A reaction mechanism has been discussed with catalyst sodium methoxide.     

甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯反应机理研究进展

传统催化剂催化甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）因氯离子的存在易导致腐蚀、失活,通过负载、添加助剂或配体的铜催化体系可改善上述问题。本文介绍了各改进催化体系,并综述了其反应机理。其中负载CuCl2或CuCl催化剂的活性中间体是Cu(OCH3)Cl或Cu2(OH)3Cl;亚铜与配体混合时,配体的种类、数量、结构等会影响甲氧基铜物种的形成;固体离子交换得到的Cu-分子筛催化剂实现了无氯化,然而活性较低;将Si、Al、Ti等氧化物作为载体时,对载体表面结构的改性改善了催化性能。大多数铜催化体系的控制步骤为CO对甲氧基铜物种的插入反应,然而对于甲氧基铜物种的产生以及CO对甲氧基铜物种插入后的产物仍存在分歧。指出进一步研究各催化体系的反应机理仍然是今后工作的重点。     

MX_nL_m体系催化合成碳酸二甲酯

对甲醇氧化羰基化反应合成碳酸二甲酯工艺进行了研究。本合成工艺选用的新型催化剂ＮＣＢ络合物具有同类催化剂的特性及明显优势。在２．０～２．５ＭＰａ,１００～１１０℃实验条件下,甲醇单程转化率在２５％以上,生成碳酸二甲酯的选择性大于９５％。     

酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯催化剂的研究进展

对近年来碳酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的催化剂体系进行了较为系统的概述,包括均相催化剂体系(碱或碱金属化合物、Lewis酸、锡和钛的有机化合物等)和多相催化剂体系(各种负载型、金属氧化物、水滑石等),认为开发有机锡、有机钛配合物催化剂以及将其固载化是碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应合成碳酸二苯酯催化剂研究的重要方向.     

An efficient catalyst Co(salophen) for synthesis of diethyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of ethanol

The oxidative carbonylation of ethanol to diethyl carbonate (DEC) was investigated by an efficient catalyst system comprising of Co-Schiff base complexes. Effects of Schiff base ligands, reaction time, catalyst concentration, temperature and pressure on the catalytic activity were studied. Co(salophen) [N,N′-bis(salicylidene) o-phenylenediamine cobalt] catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity compared with other Co complexes. When the oxidative carbonylation was carried out at the reaction conditions: 0.12 mol/L Co(salophen), P(CO)/P(O₂) = 2:1, 3.0 MPa, 140 °C, 2.5 h, the conversion of ethanol is 15.8%, the selectivity to DEC is 99.5% and the turnover number (TON) is 22.2. The corrosion behavior of Co(salophen) catalyst to the stainless steel reactor was also examined. The corrosion rate to the stainless steel by Co(salophen) catalyst is below 0.005 mm/a. SEM images demonstrated that the pitting corrosion was not observed on the surface of the stainless steel.     

碳酸二甲酯和乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯催化剂研究进展

综述了碳酸二甲酯和乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯工艺路线及其反应机理,并对该反应的催化剂体系进行了系统的概述,包括均相催化剂体系(锡和钛的有机化合物等)和多相催化剂体系(MoO3和WO3等金属氧化物)。并分析了以锡、钛以及金属氧化物作催化剂时合成碳酸二苯酯的优势和劣势;指出固载化的有机锡/有机钛与其他金属氧化物的复合化合物是今后碳酸二甲酯和乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯催化剂的重要研究方向。     

合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂研究进展

碳酸二甲酯以其优良的性质在化学反应和石油产品中得到了广泛应用.作者介绍了合成碳酸二甲酯的4种方法,包括甲醇氧化羰基化法、酯交换法、尿素醇解法和二氧化碳-甲醇合成方法.重点介绍了每种方法使用的催化剂对碳酸二甲酯的选择性及对副产品的影响.综述了负载型分子筛催化剂在催化合成碳酸二甲酯研究进展.研究负载型分子筛催化剂催化合成碳...     

氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂的研究进展

甲醇氧化羰基化是合成碳酸二甲酯的重要方法,也是重要的煤炭清洁利用途径之一,近年来获得较大发展。本文详细阐述了该工艺过程中有关催化剂的国内外研究现状及发展趋势,并根据载体的结构特征,按照分子筛载体、活性炭载体和其它载体,将铜基催化剂分为三类,综合论述了合成催化剂的制备技术,表面微观结构和特征、催化性能以及催化机理等方面的最新研究进展。通过深入分析和比较,认为分子筛和活性炭为载体制备的负载无氯铜基催化剂,不仅具有较好的催化活性和稳定性,而且避免了以前CuCl/CuCl2为活性组分催化剂中Cl离子对催化剂活性和稳定性的影响,以及对设备造成的腐蚀,具有较好的发展前景。     

Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and ethanol using KF/Al2O3 as an efficient solid base catalyst

Diethyl carbonate, an efficient oxygen-containing fuel additive was synthesized from dimethyl carbonate and ethanol using KF/Al₂O₃. The catalysts prepared with different KF loading were characterized using X-ray diffraction, BET surface area and basicity measurement analyses. The effects of different reaction parameters such as temperature, reactant ratio and amount of catalyst were optimized. Among the different alkali halides, 20 wt.% KF supported on alumina exhibited 61.6% diethyl carbonate selectivity with 96% dimethyl carbonate conversion under optimum reaction conditions. The plausible reaction mechanism is proposed based on the results obtained. The possibility of recycling the catalyst was ensured without appreciable loss in activity for four cycles.     

碳酸二甲酯合成研究新进展

碳酸二甲酯的合成研究受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注,合成路线正朝着简单化、无毒化和无污染化的方向发展。综述了国内外CO2和甲醇直接合成法、酯交换法和尿素醇解法合成碳酸二甲酯的研究进展,在均相催化体系、非均相催化体系、离子液体催化体系、超临界反应体系以及光催化反应体系下概述了上述方法的研究概况。由于上述方法合成碳酸二甲酯存在催化剂活性或选择性不高,产率低等缺点,今后寻找更加合适的催化剂及载体、提高催化剂的活性和选择性将成为研究重点。     

Optimization and control of a reactive distillation process for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate

Dimethyl carbonate is an environmentally benign and biodegradable chemical. Based on integration of reactive distillation and pressure-swing distillation technologies, a novel process for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate through transesterification with propylene carbonate and methanol has been developed by Huang et al. In this work, the optimization of this process was performed by minimizing the total TAC. The results show that the op-timal design flowsheet can save energy consumption by 18.6％with the propylene carbonate conversion of 99.9％. Then, an effective plant-wide control structure for the process was developed. Dynamic simulation results dem-onstrate that the temperature/flow rate cascade control plus with simple temperature control can keep not only product purity but also the conversion of the reactant at their desired values in the face of the disturbance in re-actant feed flow rate and feed composition.     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯研究进展

介绍了气相直接法和气相间接法的工艺特点,比较了各类活性催化剂的结构特征及其催化性能。分析认为,气相间接法的关键是有效控制第一步反应并确保剧毒NO气体的安全循环使用;气相直接法避免了NO有毒气体的使用。评述了固态离子交换法制备的铜分子筛在气相直接法合成DMC反应中表现出比负载型CuCl2催化剂和Wacker型催化剂更高的稳定性以及较低的腐蚀性,但受分子筛表面酸位的限制,存在交换容量低,残余CuCl难以脱除的不足;而浸渍法制备的无Cl型铜分子筛对DMC的选择性较低;硅基复合氧化物通过改变制备条件可以有效控制表面B酸位的数量、强度及其分布,是基于固态离子交换反应原理制备负载铜催化剂的理想载体材料,值得关注。     

碳酸二甲酯与有机胺羰基化合成氨基甲酸酯的研究

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甲醇液相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂的研究进展

甲醇液相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的催化类型主要有铜负载型、钴配合物型和钯铜复合型三种。其中铜负载型CuCl催化体系已经工业化,但由于Cl^－的丢失而引起催化剂活性的下降及反应生成的盐酸对设备腐蚀等,需要采取添加配位体或助剂稳定Cl^－或取代Cl^－等方法来解决。取代Cl^－是一种新的研究方向,具有工业应用前景。     

双组分催化剂作用下的碳酸二甲酯直接合成

在双组分催化剂的作用下 ,由CO2 、甲醇和环氧烷烃直接合成碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)。研究了反应条件对反应的影响 ,得到最佳反应条件为 :反应时间 2h ,温度 1 60℃ ,加入无机碱 7.5g和Lewis酸 5 .0g ,在此条件下DMC的收率达 1 1 .75 %。通过改变催化剂组成研究了反应机理     

MgO/NaY催化甲醇与碳酸乙烯酯酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯

以硝酸镁为前体,通过等体积浸渍法制备不同负载量的MgO/NaY催化剂,用CO2-TPD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征,考察MgO负载量、反应温度、反应时间等条件对甲醇与碳酸乙烯酯（EC）酯交换反应合成对碳酸二甲酯（DMC）的影响。实验结果表明：MgO的负载量对催化剂表面的碱量和MgO分散程度有着重要影响。高分散的MgO物种越多,其催化剂碱量越高。采用12%MgO/NaY为催化剂、反应温度70 ℃、n(甲醇)∶n(EC)= 8∶1、反应时间3 h时,EC的转化率和DMC的选择性最佳,DMC收率高达89%。