非线性系统观测器的设计:LMI方法

对满足Lipschitz条件的非线性系统给出了全维、降维观测器存在的充分条件并分别进行了证明,重点设计了新形式的降维状态观测器,观测器增益矩阵的获得完全取决于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的解的情况,应用线性矩阵不等式工具箱使得设计更加方便,消除了增益矩阵选取的盲目性.通过对实际模型的仿真分析可知,两种观测器的状态估计误差均能渐近收敛到零,表明了该方法的有效性.     

一类非线性系统的函数观测器设计

研究单边Lipschitz非线性系统的函数观测器设计.基于线性矩阵不等式获得了函数观测器增益矩阵存在的条件,然后提出函数观测器增益矩阵的设计方法.通过一个仿真实例,验证所设计的函数观测器不仅能够估计系统的状态,而且可使观测误差快速收敛到零.     

仿射非线性系统的一种观测器设计方法

对仿射非线性系统全维观测器设计方法进行了讨论，提出了一种设计方法．该方法基于微分Riccati方程的正定解，观测器的增益矩阵通过Riccati方程的正定解给出，因而观测器增益矩阵为时变的．通过坐标变换，用李亚普诺夫方法对观测器的存在性进行了论证．对一个实际模型的仿真分析表明了该方法的实用性和正确性．     

同时含有未知输入和测量干扰系统全维和降维观测器设计

针对同时含有未知输入和测量干扰的不确定系统研究了全维和降维观测器设计问题.首先,利用待定系数法给出了全维观测器的结构和存在条件.该条件完全由原系统的系统矩阵给出,易于检验.对于降维观测器,为了消除测量干扰的影响,提出了一种新的测量输出构造方法,使得新构造的测量输出不再包含干扰信号.此外,证明了全维和降维观测器存在条件的内在统一性,即全维观测器所需要满足的观测器匹配条件和强可检测条件在研究降维观测器所要讨论的新的系统中都可以得到保持.因而,在全维观测器存在条件下,也可以设计一个相应的降维观测器.最后,给出了一个数值例子验证所提方法的有效性.     

类Lyapunov非线性系统降维观测器设计

对一般形式的非线性系统,引入了Lyapunov稳定意义下观测器存在性的概念,讨论了降维观测器的存在性.指出若相对于一特别形式的Lyapunov函数在Lyapunov稳定意义下存在全维观测器,则还存在降维观测器,并给出了降维观测器之设计方法.为说明该方法的指导意义,用该方法相对于Lipschitz非线性系统给出了降维观测器设计,并对该设计相对于一具体模型进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明了该设计方法的正确性及实用性.     

基于自适应滑模观测器的不匹配非线性系统执行器故障重构

针对一类含有未知干扰的不匹配非线性Lipschitz系统,提出了基于自适应滑模观测器的执行器故障重构方法.首先引入辅助输出矩阵,使得辅助输出系统的观测器匹配条件得以满足,同时设计了高增益观测器实现对未知辅助输出的精确估计;然后针对辅助输出系统建立故障重构滑模观测器,设计了自适应律在线修正滑模控制器增益,考虑故障上界未知的前提下,提出了观测器状态估计误差稳定的存在定理,运用Schur补引理将观测器反馈增益矩阵设计方法转化为求解线性矩阵不等式约束优化问题,同时引入线性变换矩阵,在故障上界未知的前提下设计了滑模控制增益,使得输出估计误差收敛稳定,确保了滑模运动在有限时间内发生,在此基础上利用等效控制输出误差注入原理实现了执行器故障重构;最后通过仿真算例验证了本文方法的有效性.     

一类非线性时滞系统的H_∞鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计

研究一类受时变时滞影响的非线性不确定系统H∞鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计问题.首先采用基于观测器的故障检测滤波器作为残差产生器,将故障检测滤波器设计归结为H∞滤波问题;然后应用Lyapunov-Krasovskii方法,推导并证明了问题可解的依赖时滞的充分条件,通过求解线性矩阵不等式得到了观测器增益矩阵的解;最后通过算例验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于观测器的非线性不确定离散系统的鲁棒模糊控制

研究了参数不确定及状态变量难以获取的非线性系统的鲁棒模糊控制问题.采用离散模糊T-S模型对离散非线性系统进行建模并建立了模糊观测器.用矩阵不等式的形式推导出了在Lyapunov意义下鲁棒镇定的充分条件.利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)导出了模糊反馈增益和模糊观测器增益存在的充分条件.     

一种基于全维和降维观测器的故障检测和重构方法

针对不确定性非线性系统,讨论基于观测器的执行器故障的检测和重构方法.首先,通过设计滑模全维观测器,产生对干扰具有鲁棒性、对故障具有敏感性的残差,来达到故障检测的目的;然后,设计能直接消去干扰和故障影响的降维观测器来达到状态渐近收敛估计,并在此基础上,提出故障重构方法;基于微分方程的数值解方法和函数微分的数值解方法,给出一种故障重构的数值解方法;最后,对一个实际模型进行仿真,结果表明了该方法的实用性.     

基于观测器的汽轮发电机气门开度的时滞无关控制

本文考虑了具有非线性关联作用的带中间再热器的汽轮发电机的数学模型, 研究了气门开度基于观测状态的时滞无关分散控制器的设计问题. 首先把非线性关联函数变换为子系统状态变量的二次有界不等式, 然后通过构造适当的Lyapunov泛函, 并利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的处理方法, 得到了使汽轮发电机组渐近稳定的LMI充分条件. 此外,还提出了了控制器增益矩阵和观测器增益矩阵的求解算法.. 最后以两机无穷大母线系统为例进行了仿真分析, 验证了该方法的有效性.     

Observers for systems with nonlinearities satisfying incremental quadratic constraints

We consider the problem of designing observers to asymptotically estimate the state of a system whose nonlinear time-varying terms satisfy an incremental quadratic inequality that is parameterized by a set of multiplier matrices. Observer design is reduced to solving linear matrix inequalities for the observer gain matrices. The proposed observers guarantee exponential convergence of the state estimation error to zero. In addition to considering a larger class of nonlinearities than previously considered, this paper unifies earlier related results in the literature. The results are illustrated by application to several examples.     

Nonlinear observer for simultaneous states and unknown parameter estimation

This paper presents the design of an observer for the simultaneous estimation of states and unknown parameter for a class of nonlinear systems whose nonlinearity satisfies a bounded Jacobian condition. The paper presents two alternate observers based on the structure of the system. The conditions for the existence of these observers can be expressed as a linear matrix inequality and solved using standard solvers. The case of time-varying parameter and multiple unknown parameter have also been investigated. The use of the developed methodology is demonstrated through illustrative examples.     

一类线性不确定组合系统的鲁棒控制器和观测器设计*

本文研究了一类带有结构不确定性的线性组合系统的鲁控制器和观测器设计问题，文中给出一种设计分散控制器和分散观测器的方法，其中状态反馈增益 观测器增益阵由两个黎卡提议方程的解给出。     

Observer design and output feedback stabilization for linear singular time-delay systems with unknown inputs

The design of a functional observer and reduced-order observer with internal delay for linear singular timedelay systems with unknown inputs is discussed. The sufficient conditions of the existence of observers, which are normal linear time-delay systems, and the corresponding design steps are presented via linear matrix inequality（LMI）. Moreover, the observer-based feedback stabilizing controller is obtained. Three examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Observer design and output feedback stabilization for linear singular time-delay systems with unknown inputs

The design of a functional observer and reduced-order observer with internal delay for linear singular timedelay systems with unknown inputs is discussed. The sufficient conditions of the existence of observers, which are normal linear time-delay systems, and the corresponding design steps are presented via linear matrix inequality(LMI). Moreover, the observer-based feedback stabilizing controller is obtained. Three examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

A robust adaptive observer for a class of singular nonlinear uncertain systems

This paper proposes a robust adaptive observer for a class of singular nonlinear non-autonomous uncertain systems with unstructured unknown system and derivative matrices, and unknown bounded nonlinearities. Unlike many existing observers, no strong assumption such as Lipschitz condition is imposed on the recommended system. An augmented system is constructed, and the unknown bounds are calculated online using adaptive bounding technique. Considering the continuous nonlinear gain removes the chattering which may appear in practical applications such as analysis of electrical circuits and estimation of interaction force in beating heart robotic-assisted surgery. Moreover, a simple yet precise structure is attained which is easy to implement in many systems with significant uncertainties. The existence conditions of the standard form observer are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequality and the constrained generalised Sylvester's equations, and global stability is ensured. Finally, simulation results are obtained to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator and demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme.     

Observers for a class of nonlinear systems with time‐delay

In this paper, the issue of observer designs for a class of nonlinear continuous‐time systems with time‐delay is addressed, where the nonlinear function is not necessarily Lipschitz. It is shown that both full‐order and reduced‐order observers can be obtained by means of the same linear matrix inequality. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

具有单调性非线性项的非线性系统降维观测器设计

Based on the discussion about the existence and design method of full-order observer for systems with monotone nonlinearities, a reduced-order observer design method is developed under the assumption that a linear matrix inequality (LMI) has positive definite matrix solution and the reduced-order observer gain matrix is computed by the solution of LMI. By a linear transformation, a reduced-order observer which does not contain the information of the derivative of the system output is provided. A model is simulated and some conclusions are drawn based on the comparison of the results of reduced-order observer to that of full-order observer. The simulation shows that the design method developed by this paper has good performance.