无GaAs缓冲层MBE生长InSb材料的工艺及其特性

采用无ＧａＡｓ缓冲层，低温＋常规的方法在ＧａＡｓ（１００）衬底上进行了ＩｎＳｂ薄膜的分析束外延（ＭＢＥ）生长，测试了样品的双晶Ｘ射线衍射半峰宽（ＦＷＨＭ），电学霍尔（Ｈａｌｌ）特性及红外透射谱。通过大量的实验发现：不生长０．５μｍＧａＡｓ缓冲层，同样可生长出电学性能及红外透过率都较理想的样品，这可缩短材料的生长周期，降低生产成本，对将来器件的批量制作有一定的意义。     

分子束外延低温生长GaAs缓冲层

<正>在低的衬底温度(约300℃)下生长的GaAs层具有较高的电阻率,较小的光敏特性。低温生长的GaAs层用于MESFET作缓冲层,能够消除背栅效应,改善光敏特性等。国外研究结果表明,低温GaAs缓冲层为富砷结。 用国产MBE—Ⅲ型分子束外延设备进行低温生长GaAs层的研究。半绝缘GaAs衬底温度约580℃,生长约50nm GaAs层。反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)的衍射图样为(2×4)结构。然     

MBE生长中缓冲层对InSb/GaAs质量影响的研究

用分子束外延(MBE)方法在GaAs(001)衬底上外延生长了InSb薄膜,并研究了异质外延InSb薄膜生长中缓冲层对材料质量的影响.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线双晶衍射(DCXRD)等方法研究了InSb/GaAs薄膜的表面形貌、界面特性以及结晶质量.通过生长合适厚度的缓冲层,获得了室温下DCXRD半高峰宽为272\",迁移率为64 300 cm2V-1s-1的InSb外延层.     

GaAs超高速电压比较器及利用低温MBE GaAs缓冲层的改进设计

简要介绍了ＧａＡｓ超高速电压比较器的国内外发展水平。设计并研制了具有１．０ＧＨｚ时钟频率的高性能电压比较器。该器件采用亚微米ＧａＡｓＭＥＳＦＥＴ工艺技术，其电压分辨率高达１１．３ｍＶ，功耗仅为２７４ｍｗ。最后给出了利用低温分子束外延生长ＧａＡｓ作缓冲层的进一步改进设计。     

分子束外延低温生长GaAs缓冲层及性能研究

用国产分子束外延设备(Ⅳ型),在低温(200—300℃)下生长了GaAs,AlGaAs和GaAs-AlGAs超晶格。本文着重提出对在低温生长GaAs缓冲层上生长优质GaAs有源层,尤其对缺陷和杂质很敏感的高电子迁移率晶体管结构材料进行研究。     

GaAs超高速电压比较器及利用低温MBE GaAs缓冲层的改进…

简要介绍了ＧａＡｓ超高速电压比较器的国内外发展水平。设计并研制了具有１．０ＧＨｚ时钟频率的高性能电压比较器。该器件采用亚微米ＧａＡｓ ＭＥＳＦＥＴ工艺技术，其电压分辨率高达１１．３ｍＶ，功耗仅为２７４ｍＷ。最后给出了利用低温分子束外延生长ＧａＡｓ作缓冲层的进一步改进设计。     

MBE生长的高性能MDAlGaAs/GaAs结构材料

本文报道了用国产MBE装置和源材料生长调制掺杂(MD)AlGaAs/GaAs结构材料,用霍耳效应、光荧光测量材料的电学和光学性能,用电化学C-V检测分布特性,用电光检测法评估材料的均匀性。用该材料研制栅长0.5μm的HEMT器件,其跨导为200mS/mm,12GHz下的噪声系数达到0.76dB,相关增益6.5dB。     

PHEMT材料MBE生长及其应用

我们对PHEMT材料中应变沟道InGaAs层生长条件进行了优化,并采用了LT-GaAs中缺陷扩散的阻挡层.功率PHEMT器件结果为在栅长Lg=1.0μ时,跨导g-m≥400 ms/mm,BV-{DS}>1 5V,BV-{GS}>10V表明该材料有较好的性能.作为材料的缓冲层,结果表明器件性能优良 ,是国内最好结果.     

Luminescence study of ZnTe:Cr epilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy

Incorporation of Cr into ZnTe epilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) is reported. Photoluminescence (PL) using both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed-excitation sources is used to characterize the radiative efficiency of doped layers in the infrared region. The Cr²⁺ ions produce a broad emission band peaking in the 2–3 μm range, which is of potential use in tunable-laser devices. The optimum Cr concentration for achieving bright, room-temperature infrared emission was found to be in the range from low- to mid-10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Temperature-dependent luminescence studies were performed to determine thermal-quenching activation energies. Using a pulsed-laser operating at 1.9 μm, an investigation of emission lifetimes was made. The emission-decay curves for the Cr²⁺ recombination in ZnTe:Cr films could be described by a single exponential and were nearly independent of temperature from 80 K to 300 K. A room-temperature lifetime of ∼2.5 μsec in a ZnTe:Cr layer with [Cr] ∼1.4 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ compares favorably with values reported for bulk ZnTe:Cr.     

Microstructural and optical characterization of CdTe(211)B/ZnTe/Si(211) grown by molecular beam epitaxy

CdTe layers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on 3 inch nominal Si(211) under various conditions to study the effect of growth parameters on the structural quality. The microstructure of several samples was investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The orientation of the CdTe layers was affected strongly by the ZnTe buffer deposition temperature. Both single domain CdTe(133)B and CdTe(211)B were obtained by selective growth of ZnTe buffer layers at different temperatures. We demonstrated that thin ZnTe buffer layers (<2 nm) are sufficient to maintain the (211) orientation. CdTe deposited at ∼300°C grows with its normal lattice parameter from the onset of growth, demonstrating the effective strain accommodation of the buffer layer. The low tilt angle (<1°) between CdTe[211] and Si[211] indicates that high miscut Si(211) substrates are unnecessary. From low temperature photoluminescence, it is shown that Cd-substituted Li is the main residual impurity in the CdTe layer. In addition, deep emission bands are attributed to the presence of As_Te and Ag_Cd acceptors. There is no evidence that copper plays a role in the impurity contamination of the samples.     

Improved morphology and crystalline quality of MBE CdZnTe/Si

We report on continuing efforts to develop a reproducible process for molecular beam epitaxy of CdZnTe on three-inch, (211) Si wafers. Through a systematic study of growth parameters, we have significantly improved the crystalline quality and have reduced the density of typical surface defects. Lower substrate growth temperatures (∼250–280°C) and higher CdZnTe growth rates improved the surface morphology of the epilayers by reducing the density of triangular surface defects. Cyclic thermal annealing was found to reduce the dislocation density. Epilayers were characterized using Nomarski microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, defect-decoration etching, and by their use as substrates for HgCdTe epitaxy.     

A study of the transition from high to low resistivity in As-grown GaAs MBE material

This work discusses the transition from high resistivity as-grown GaAs layers to thermally metastable low resistivity as-grown layers by molecular beam epitaxy. This transition occurs at about 430°C and coincides with a reflective high energy electron diffraction reconstruction change from a 2 × 1 to 2 × 4 pattern for an As₄/Ga beam equivalent pressure ratio of 20. For growth temperatures in the range 350 to 430°C, room temperature Hall-effect measurements have shown resistivities of <10₇ ohm-cm and photoluminescence has shown new peaks at 0.747 eV and a band from 0.708 to 0.716 eV at 4.2K, in unannealed material.     

Improving material characteristics and reproducibility of MBE HgCdTe

This paper describes our progress to improve the material quality, reproducibility, and flexibility of molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of HgCdTe. Data, statistics, and yields according to defined screen criteria are presented for n-type layer carrier concentration and mobility, void defect density, and dislocation density for more than 100 layers. Minority carrier lifetime data are also presented. Continued improvements in impurity reductiont have allowed us to achieve, for the first time, reproducible, low n-type carrier concentration in the mid-10¹⁴ cnr⁻³ range with high electron mobility. Data are presented that show that low dislocation density films are obtained for growth on CdZnTe substrates with a wide range of Zn concentration. Results are presented from a nine-growth run first pass success demonstration run to further assess material quality reproducibility and flexibility of wavelength band tuning. These results demonstrate the promising potential of MBE growth for flexible manufacturing of HgCdTe for infrared focal plane arrays.     

Measurement of minority carrier lifetime in n-type MBE HgCdTe and its dependence on annealing

Results are presented for minority carrier lifetime in n-type molecular beam epitaxy Hg_1−xCd_xTe with x ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. It was found that the lifetime was unintentionally degraded by post-growth annealing under Hg saturated conditions in a H₂ atmosphere that was both time and temperature dependent. This effect was minimal or non-existent for x∼0.2 material, but very strong for x ≥ 0.3. Hydrogen was identified as responsible for this degradation. Identical annealing in a He atmosphere avoids this degradation and results in neartheoretical lifetime values for carrier concentrations as low 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ in ≥0.3 material. Modeling was carried out for x∼0.2 and x∼0.4 material that shows the extent to which lifetime is reduced by Shockley-Real-Hall recombination for carrier concentrations below 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³, as well as for layers annealed in H₂. It appears that annealing in H₂ results in a deep recombination center in wider bandgap HgCdTe that lowers the lifetime without affecting the majority carrier concentration and mobility.     

Arsenic incorporation during MBE growth of HgCdTe

We discuss the equilibrium model of the amphoteric behavior of arsenic in HgCdTe and its applicability to material grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Suggestions are made on how to achieve active incorporation by manipulating the surface orientation, or by using precursors that provide steric hindrance.     

Microstructure of Heteroepitaxial ZnTe Grown on GaAs(211)B by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

ZnTe was grown on GaAs(211)B by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Structural properties and strain relaxation at the ZnTe/GaAs(211)B interface were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Application of digital image processing involving a filtered inverse fast Fourier transformation revealed an array of misfit dislocations at the interface and allowed strain relaxation to be estimated. Only one twin defect was observed in the HRTEM images, and details of this twin defect were investigated by STEM.     

MBE growth of HgCdTe on silicon substrates for large format MWIR focal plane arrays

HgCdTe p-on-n double layer heterojunctions (DLHJs) for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) detector applications have been grown on 100 mm (4 inch) diameter (211) silicon substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The structural quality of these films is excellent, as demonstrated by x-ray rocking curves with full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) of 80–100 arcsec, and etch pit densities from 1 10⁶ to 7 10⁶ cm⁻². Morphological defect densities for these layers are generally less than 1000 cm⁻². Improving Hg flux coverage of the wafer during growth can reduce void defects near the edges of the wafers. Improved tellurium source designs have resulted in better temporal flux stability and a reduction of the center to edge x-value variation from 9% to only 2%. Photovoltaic MWIR detectors have been fabricated from some of these 100mm wafers, and the devices show performance at 140 K which is comparable to other MWIR detectors grown on bulk CdZnTe substrates by MBE and by liquid phase epitaxy.     

Phase modulated ellipsometry used for composition control during MBE growth of CdHgTe: An analysis of instrumental factors and an assessment of the material produced

We have found phase modulated ellipsometry (PME) to be a sensitive analytical technique capable of providing real time information on composition, epilayer thickness, growth rate, interdiffusion and surface roughness. To fully exploit the benefits of PME, the instrument must be carefully calibrated and the many factors affecting its performance need to be understood and allowed for. In this paper we examine how the accuracy of the determination of composition of molecular beam epitaxially grown CdHgTe alloy films is affected by misalignment of the optical components, the presence of vacuum windows, signal conditioning prior to analog to digital conversion, temperature changes, and modulator settings. We conclude by presenting results which demonstrate the quality of CdHgTe layers grown on (211)B CdZnTe and (211)B GaAs substrates using our techniques.