低色温高显色性大功率白光LED的制备及其发光特性研究

用GaN基大功率蓝光LED芯片作为激发光源，分别用荧光粉转换法和红光LED补偿法制备了不同相关色温及显色指数的白光LED。对器件的发光特性研究表明，采用监光LED芯片激发单一黄色荧光粉，虽可以获得光通量和发光效率较高的白光LED，但其色温较高，显色性较差；在黄色荧光粉中添加红色荧光粉，由于光谱中红色成分的增加，可降低器件的色温，并提高器件的显色性，但由于目前红色荧光粉的转换效率较低，致使器件的整体发光效率不高；采用蓝光LED芯片激发黄色荧光粉，同时用红光LED进行补偿，通过调整蓝光和红光LED芯片的工作电流以及荧光粉的用量，可获得低色温和高显色性白光LED，而且整体发光效率较高。     

基于Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体量子点的白光LED的研究进展

作为发光可覆盖整个可见光波段的发光材料,Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体量子点自上世纪90年代以来一直是构筑白光发光二极管（LED）的关键材料之一。本文主要介绍基于缺陷态发光、单源二色互补发光、三基色复合发光和光致发光等发光原理的半导体量子点的白光LED,并比较了不同类型器件的特点。凭借发光效率等主要性能参数的优势,基于GaN基蓝紫光与量子点荧光粉组合得到的白光LED将最有可能首先实现商业化应用。而在高清显示技术方面,结合微接触印刷技术的三基色复合白光LED具有潜在应用价值。最后简要介绍在提高白光LED发光效率方面的进展。     

白光LED能量转换效率的研究

推导出了根据发光效能和光谱功率分布函数,计算了白光LED能量转换效率的公式,研究了1W白光LED能量转换效率与工作电流、环境温度和发光效能之间关系,并对荧光粉涂敷前后白光LED能量转换效率的变化进行了分析.研究结果表明,φ5、1W白光LED能量转换效率分别为22.67%和14.87%,1W白光LED的能量转换效率,随着工作电流、环境温度的增加而下降,能量转换效率与发光效能比值基本恒定,荧光粉涂敷前后白光LED能量转换效率从21.2%下降到15.11%,荧光粉能量转换效率约为93%.     

实现色温自动控制的白光LED照明系统设计

荧光粉发光LED作为白光光源在照明领域有着广泛的应用。长时间工作,荧光粉发光LED将出现色温偏移现象。荧光粉发光LED的色温偏移与芯片衰减和荧光粉衰减有关。提出了一种能同时考虑芯片衰减和荧光粉衰减的数学模型。从理论上分析了芯片衰减和荧光粉衰减对荧光粉发光LED的色坐标及色温变化的影响。提出了一种利用蓝光LED与荧光粉发光LED混合,通过对蓝光LED进行负反馈控制,保证蓝光辐射在全白光中的辐射功率比值恒定,从而实现色温稳定的白光LED照明系统。     

提高YAG：Ce^3＋荧光粉稳定性之我见

高光效、长寿命、低价格是白光LED进入普通照明必过的三关，提高芯片的内外量子效率、高技巧封装结构的设计及工艺、提高YAG：Ce^3＋的光转换效率是当前直面的三题，认真研究粉体的相结构，颗粒形貌和发光特性，合成纯相、大小均匀的球形荧光粉是荧光粉工程师的基本功，稳定Ce^3＋的浓度在封装过程必须十分重视。     

白光LED荧光粉远场涂覆光学性质

研究了白光LED远场隔离封装中隔离距离对发光效率及相关色温(CCT)的影响。实验结果表明,低电流输入条件下,白光LED的发光效率随芯片表面到荧光粉层距离变化是非线性的,当芯片表面到荧光粉层距离为0.88mm时具有最佳发光效率74lm/W,白光LED相关色温随着距离的增加呈线性下降。这为白光LED的一次光学设计提供了实验依据。     

荧光粉配比对大功率白光LED发光特性的影响

利用黄色、红色和黄绿色3种荧光粉混合的方法制备了一系列大功率平面发光LED光源,深入研究了黄色、红色和黄绿色3种荧光粉分别对大功率白光LED光源的发光效率、显色指数以及色温的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着黄色荧光粉含量的增加,其发光效率明显提高,最高可达140 lm/W,而显色指数和色温略有下降。随着红色荧光粉含量的增加,其显色指数明显提高,最高可达85,而发光效率和色温明显降低。随着黄绿色荧光粉含量的增加,其发光效率、显色指数以及色温均不同程度地略有下降,但是其对大功率白光LED的色容差起到很好的调节作用。     

氮(氧)化物荧光粉的合成与发光性能

为了制备高性能的白光LED,发光性能好的荧光粉是必不可少的。氮(氧)化物荧光粉有着发光效率高、可进行光谱剪裁、绿色环保、热稳定性好的优点,可以成为制备白光LED的主要的荧光粉材料。本文综述了近几年来在氮(氧)化物荧光粉的晶体结构特征、制备方法,发光性质及其在高亮度、高显色白光LED封装应用的最新进展,并指出该领域研究过程中存在的问题:(1)含有不同非金属成份的氮(氧)化物新基质很少,(2)关于计算荧光粉晶体场变化的理论研究很少,(3)目前单一基质白光发射荧光粉的发射普遍存在红色发射成分缺乏或不足、显色指数不高等问题。对该领域的发展趋势做出了展望,希望推动新型高效白光LED用发光材料的研究,继而提高白光LED研究应用水平。     

高亮度高纯度白光LED封装技术研究

通过对高功率InGaN(蓝)LED倒装芯片结构+YAG荧光粉构成白光LED的分析,可以得出这种结构能提高发光效率和散热效果的结论。通过对白光LED的构成和电流/温度/光通量的分析,可知在蓝宝石衬底和环氧树脂的界面间涂敷一层硅橡胶能改善光的折射率。改进光学器件的封装技术,可以大幅度提高大功率LED的出光率(光通量)。     

Matlab软件在LED研制中的应用

介绍了版本号为R2014a的Matlab软件的新功能,以此为基础,从量子点技术以及输出特性上分析了Matlab软件在LED的材料研究中的应用,并从高光效的LED球泡灯、GaN基LED的光提取效率、LED显示模块的均匀发光、LED照明通信系统以及高速高效LED专用贴片机等多个角度,阐述了Matlab在LED器件研制中的应用。     

Improvement of emission efficiency and color rendering of high-power LED by controlling size of phosphor particles and utilization of different phosphors

White light can be produced by a combination of red, green and blue emitting diode chips or by the combination of a single diode chip with phosphors. Presently, more single chip white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) than multi-chip one are used because of their low cost, easily controlled circuitry, ease of maintenance and favorable luminescence efficiency. Since phosphors must be used as light converting materials in a single diode chip to obtain the desired emission, this study considers the problems encountered in using phosphors in LEDs. The proper application of phosphors in the package of LED can improve its efficiency, color rendering and thermal stability of luminescence. For example, a uniform size distribution of phosphors with red, green and blue emission helps to improve luminescence efficiency by preventing cascade excitation; the change in color with temperature can be overcome by counter-balancing red-shifting and blue-shifting phosphors; larger particles help to ensure the high efficiency of high-power LEDs, and costs can be reduced by using small particles size in low-power LED packaging because allows less phosphor to be used to obtain a particular efficiency.     

Correlated Color Temperature Tunable Multi-chip Light Emitting Diodes Light Source Design

One of the methods to derive white light from light emitting diodes（LEDs） is the multi-chip white LED technology, which mixes the light from red, green and blue LEDs. Introduced is an optimal algorithm for the spectrum design of the multi-chip white LEDs in this paper. It optimizes the selection of single color LEDs and drive current controlling, so that the multi-chip white LED achieves the target correlated color temperature （CCT）, as well as high luminous efficacy and good color rendering. A CCT tunable LED light source with four high-power LEDs is realized based on the above optimal design. Test results show that it maintains satisfactory color rendering and stable luminous efficacy across the whole CCT tuning range. Finally, discussed are the design improvement and the prospect of the future applications of the CCT tunable LED light source.     

大功率白光LED封装设计与研究进展

封装设计、材料和结构的不断创新使发光二极管(LED)性能不断提高.从光学、热学、电学、机械、可靠性等方面,详细评述了大功率白光LED封装的设计和研究进展,并对封装材料和工艺进行了具体介绍.提出LED的封装设计应与芯片设计同时进行,并且需要对光、热、电、结构等性能统一考虑.在封装过程中,虽然材料(散热基板、荧光粉、灌封胶)选择很重要,但封装工艺(界面热阻、封装应力)对LED光效和可靠性影响也很大.     

三芯片集成高显色指数白光LED的研究

运用基于蒙特卡罗的光线追迹方法,对采用"光转换"兼"多色混合"技术的白光LED的显色指数、相关色温、光通量、光辐射功率、荧光粉颗粒密度和色坐标进行了仿真计算和优化选择。通过改变红、绿、蓝三种LED芯片的组合方式和红、绿、黄三种荧光粉的混合方式及各色荧光粉的密度,在保证有合理的光通量输出的条件下,得到了不同色温区的高显色指数白光LED。从显色指数角度看,冷白、正白和暖白光应分别选择BBB芯片+绿、红色荧光粉、BBB芯片+黄、红色荧光粉和RBB芯片+黄色荧光粉组合。实验上测试了采用这几种组合方式的白光LED光谱、显色指数、色温、光通量和色坐标,实验数据与仿真结果基本吻合。     

Color rendering and luminous efficacy of trichromatic and tetrachromatic LED-based white LEDs

White light-emitting diode (LED) spectra for general lighting should be designed for high luminous efficacy as well as good color rendering, which are generally in a trade-off relationship. White LEDs have uncountable metameres, they have different luminous efficacy and color rendering. Appropriate designed trichromatic and tetrachromatic LED-based white LEDs are presented that have acceptable color rendering as well as good luminous efficacy. Triachromatic white LEDs, with a wavelength combination of 460, 540, and 615 nm, offer high general color rendering index exceeding 89, and luminous efficacy 336 lm/W. The general color rendering index of tetrachromatic LED-based white LEDs combined from 460, 525, 590, and 640 nm is 95, the luminous efficacy is 306 lm/W. Further analysis shows the changing trends of the luminous efficacy, color rendering and the chromaticity coordinate of the optimized trichromatic and tetrachromatic white LEDs depending on the wavelength shift of the primary LEDs. For the optimized trichromatic white LEDs, both the luminous efficacy and color rendering change more with the wavelength shifts of the primary red LEDs than with the wavelength shifts of the blue and green LEDs. For the optimized tetrachromatic white LEDs, the changes of the luminous efficacy caused by the wavelength shifts of one red LED are smaller than the changes of trichromatic white LEDs. And the wavelength shifts of the red primary LED that have shorter wavelength affect the color rendering more than the other primary LEDs. The wavelength shifts of the blue primary LED change the chromaticity coordinate of the white LEDs more. The small changes of the chromaticity coordinate of the white LED do not mean small changes of the k and R_a.     

高亮度InGaN基白光LED特性研究

利用自行研制的InGaN GaNSQW蓝光LED芯片和YAG :Ge3 荧光粉制作了高亮度白光LED(Φ3) ,并对其发光强度、色度坐标、I V、色温及显色性等特性进行了研究 .实验结果表明 :室温下 ,正向电流为 2 0mA时 ,白光LED的轴向发光强度为 1 1～ 2 3cd ,正向电压小于 3 5V ,色度坐标为 (0 2 8,0 34) ,显色指数约为 70 .     

荧光粉浓度和电流强度对白光LED特性的影响

讨论了荧光粉浓度及驱动电流强度对白光LED特性的影响。采用软件模拟实验和实际封装测试相结合的研究方法进行分析研究。对荧光粉浓度变化对白光LED光通量和相关色温(CCT)的影响进行了三维光线追迹模拟,并且进行了实际的封装验证。另外对白光LED的节温和显色性也做了深入细致的研究。研究结果表明:CCT随着荧光粉浓度的增大而减小,光通量则先上升后下降。同时由荧光粉浓度和驱动电流强度变化所引起的节温升高会降低荧光粉的转换效率。对显色性而言,采用高浓度荧光粉封装的白光LED有相对低的显色指数;并且显色指数随着驱动电流强度的增加而升高,最终趋于稳定。     

Three-band white light from InGaN-based blue LED chip precoated with Green/red phosphors

A three-band white light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated using an InGaN-based blue LED chip that emits 460-nm blue light, and a green phosphor SrGa/sub 2/S/sub 4/ : Eu/sup 2+/ and a red phosphor Ca/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/S : Eu/sup 2+/ that emit 535-nm green and 615-nm red emissions, respectively, when excited by 460-nm blue light. When the white LED operated in a direct current (DC) 20 mA at room temperature, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate (x, y), the color temperature Tc, and the color rendering index Ra are calculated to be (0.3236, 0.3242), 5937 K, and 92.2, respectively. The luminous efficacy of this white LED is about 15 lm/W at a DC 20 mA. With increasing DC from 5.0 to 60 mA, both the coordinates x and y of the white LED trend to increase, and consequently the Tc and the Ra increases and decreases, respectively.