牛血清蛋白磁性壳聚糖微球谷氨酸改性吸附

研究谷氨酸改性磁性壳聚糖微球对于牛血清白蛋白的吸附。采用反相悬浮法制备谷氨酸改性磁性壳聚糖微球(GA-CMNs),利用红外光谱仪检测壳聚糖连接谷氨酸效果、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察微球形貌、激光粒度仪检测微球粒径分布;考察不同pH值、NaCl质量分数、BSA质量浓度、吸附时间对谷氨酸改性磁性壳聚糖微球BSA吸附效果的影响,并对吸附行为进行吸附动力学和吸附热力学分析。结果表明:最佳吸附溶液pH值为5,BSA质量浓度、吸附时间与BSA吸附量呈正相关,而NaCl质量分数则相反;谷氨酸改性磁性壳聚糖微球对BSA吸附平衡过程符合动力学准二级方程模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型,在BSA初始质量浓度为1 mg/mL时有最大平衡吸附值,为83.5 mg/g;经过5次3%NaCl溶液洗脱-吸附操作循环后,洗脱率仍高于90%。谷氨酸改性磁性壳聚糖微球对牛血清蛋白的吸附性能良好。     

改性磁性壳聚糖对胭脂红的吸附性能评价

以纳米Fe₃O₄、壳聚糖为材料,采用反相悬浮交联法,用三乙胺做改性剂制备改性磁性壳聚糖,研究其对胭脂红色素的吸附性能影响,考察时间、pH、温度及胭脂红的初始浓度等四个因素对改性磁性壳聚糖吸附胭脂红溶液吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学模型、吸附等温模型、吸附热力学和吸附再生性能进行初步探讨。结果表明,当pH=3,吸附时间为270 min,温度为50℃,初始浓度为100 mg/L时,改性磁性壳聚糖对胭脂红溶液的吸附率达到最高,为96.72%。改性磁性壳聚糖对胭脂红溶液的吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线数据符合Langmuir模型,热力学数据拟合得出ΔH>0,ΔS>0,ΔG<0,得出此反应是吸热反应。经过三次吸附-解析实验,吸附率和解析率仍在40%以上。     

磁性壳聚糖微球吸附马铃薯淀粉废水中蛋白的应用研究

利用高分子絮凝结合磁分离技术对从马铃薯淀粉废水中回收蛋白进行初步研究。采用反向悬浮交联法制备得到磁性壳聚糖微球,用扫描电镜对其进行形貌观察,并研究了该微球对马铃薯淀粉废水中蛋白的吸附效果。结果表明:合成的磁性微球外表呈球形,粒径为20～50μm;当马铃薯淀粉废水中磁性壳聚糖用量为2mg/mL(磁性壳聚糖微球:马铃薯蛋白=4:1),吸附时间为30min,温度为45℃,pH为7·0时,吸附率最高,达到80%。该研究为马铃薯淀粉废水的综合处理开辟了新的途径。     

Fe3O4-壳聚糖磁性微球的制备及对Cu2+的吸附性能

用壳聚糖包覆羧基化Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子制备了Fe3O4-壳聚糖磁性微球,分别用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析等方法和手段对所制备的样品进行了结构表征.利用原子吸收光谱,探讨了时间、pH值、Cu2+浓度等对Fe3O4-壳聚糖磁性微球吸附溶液中Cu2+量的影响.结果表明:Fe3O4-壳聚糖磁性微球粒径分布较均匀,平均粒径约为110 nm;Fe3O4-壳聚糖磁性微球能够吸附Cu2+,最大吸附量可达21.3 mg/g.随着吸附剂用量的增加、温度的升高,单位吸附量减小,室温下吸附较佳;Cu2+初始浓度、pH对吸附的影响很大,Cu2+初始浓度在120 mg/L,5.0相似文献   

芳香醛壳聚糖树脂的制备及对活性红染料的吸附动力学研究

以壳聚糖和芳香醛为原料,经缩合制得中间产物希夫碱,再以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂合成壳聚糖螯合树脂。用紫外/可见分光光度计测定,在相同时间内、不同壳聚糖改性产物对活性红染料吸附动力学研究。结果表明:合成的三种螯合树脂中,水杨醛螯合树脂对活性红染料在最初5min吸附较快,而苯甲醛螯合树脂对活性红染料的吸附效果更好。     

芳香醛壳聚糖树脂的制备及对活性红染举的吸附动力学研究

以壳聚糖和芳香醛为原料,经缩合制得中间产物希夫碱,再以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂合成壳聚糖螯合树脂。用紫外／可见分光光度计测定,在相同时间内、不同壳聚糖改性产物对活性红染料吸附动力学研究。结果表明：合成的三种螯合树脂中,水杨醛螫合树脂对活性红染料在最初5min吸附较快,而苯甲醛螯合树脂对活性红染料的吸附效果更好。     

磁性壳聚糖微球对大豆乳清废水中蛋白质的吸附作用

采用磁性壳聚糖微球吸附的方法吸附大豆乳清废水中蛋白质。实验结果表明,当磁性壳聚糖微球投入量为25g/L,接触时间为10min,温度为30℃,pH值5.0的条件下能有效吸附大豆乳清废水中蛋白质,吸附大豆乳清废水中蛋白质去除率最高达95.6%。     

壳聚糖基磁性杂化材料在水处理应用中的进展

壳聚糖具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性,其分子链上丰富的羟基和氨基使其对于金属离子、染料、蛋白质等物质有良好的亲和力,被广泛应用于生物工程、医药、食品、化工、环境等众多领域。纳米磁性材料(包括Fe203、Fe304)作为一种磁性原料,不但具备良好的磁导向性,也具有良好的生物相融性,可与多种功能分子结合,如蛋白质,核酸,生物素等。本文通过对磁性壳聚糖材料的制备及其吸附废水中染料、重金属离子、蛋白分子等应用进行了综述,对其应用前景进行展望。     

磁性壳聚糖改性对高岭土吸附蔗糖溶液中咖啡酸性能的影响

目的:研究磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对模拟蔗汁中咖啡酸的吸附特性。方法:通过共沉淀法将壳聚糖、纳米四氧化三铁与高岭土结合制备成磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土,通过FT-IR、VSM和SEM表征高岭土改性前后表面结构和基团变化,采用吸附试验研究磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对咖啡酸的吸附特性。结果:改性后壳聚糖和纳米Fe₃O₄成功地负载到了高岭土上并提升了其对咖啡酸的吸附性能,磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土的等电点为4.54,酸性条件有利于咖啡酸的去除,并在240 min时达到吸附平衡。磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对咖啡酸的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温线吸附模型,其吸附过程主要为化学吸附和单分子层吸附,热力学研究表明吸附过程为自发吸热过程。结论:磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对蔗汁中咖啡酸具有较强吸附性能,可作为糖用澄清剂用于蔗汁中咖啡酸的吸附处理。     

壳聚糖对酸性红3B染料的吸附机理研究

以壳聚糖为吸附剂,用可见吸收光谱法研究了壳聚糖对酸性红3B的吸附规律,探讨了吸附剂的形态、壳聚糖的分子量、脱乙酰度对吸附量Qe的影响。结果表明:相同条件下,壳聚糖的形态对吸附有一定的影响,壳聚糖凝胶球的吸附量小于粉末;壳聚糖的分子量和脱乙酰度对吸附的影响是综合的;随酸性红浓度的增大各类壳聚糖的吸附容量均增大,高粘壳聚糖实测值为129.4 mg/g,吸附为Langumuir单分子层吸附机理,吸附速率符合动力学二级方程。     

棉纱线在活性染料皮克林乳液体系中的染色动力学

为探究SiO₂乳液(皮克林乳液)体系中活性染料在棉纱线上的染色机制,选用活性红M-3BF对棉染色动力学进行研究。首先对该染料在皮克林乳液和传统水浴体系中的染色性能进行对比,然后分别利用准一级和准二级动力学模型对该染料在皮克林乳液体系中上染棉纱线的数据进行拟合,计算各项动力学参数,并与传统水浴体系做对比。结果表明:在相同染料用量条件下,活性红M-3BF在皮克林乳液体系中的染料利用率高于传统水浴体系,耐皂洗色牢度相当;且2种体系中活性红M-3BF在棉纤维的上染都符合准二级动力学吸附模型方程,染料在皮克林乳液体系中的平衡吸附量高于传统水浴体系,吸附活化能小,半染时间缩短;硫酸钠能够提高平衡吸附量,加快上染速率。     

Study of C.I. Reactive Yellow 145, C.I. Reactive Red 238, and C.I. Reactive Blue 235 dyestuffs in order to use them in color formulation. Part 1: characterization and compatibility

Generally, textile dyeing is based on a mixture of several dyestuffs used in different proportions to achieve the desired-colors. The dyes used in a mixture should react with the fiber similarly; thus they must be compatible among themselves. So, to realize mixtures it is indispensable to study the compatibility of dyes, in order to ensure optimal dyeing formulation. This paper describes the characterization and studies the compatibility of three cold bifunctionnal reactive dyes (C.I. Reactive Yellow 145, C.I. Reactive Red 238, and C.I. Reactive Blue 235) in order to explore the possibility to use them in mixtures. The dye compatibility was studied based on several criteria such as dye extinction coefficients, exhaustion and fixation yield rates, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherms. The exhaustion and fixation yield rates of all three dyes was compared between them and their adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms models were drawn and discussed. Between the different studied models, the Elovich model presents the best model describing the kinetics of different dyes, and Freundlich model presents the best model for analyzing the adsorption isotherms. The obtained results show that the analyzed dyes are perfectly compatible and have the same dyeing properties. They present close extinction coefficients as well as similar exhaustion and fixation yield rates.     

可溶性大豆膳食纤维的单糖组分分析及物性测定

采用气相色谱,对使用磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取-超滤纯化法从大豆渣、大豆皮中提取到的大豆膳食纤维(SSDF)产品进行了单糖组分测定.结果表明,大豆渣SSDF产品中所含的果胶类多糖的支链较少,淀粉和纤维素这两类多糖含量很低.而大豆皮SSDF产品中所含的果胶类多糖以高支链果胶多糖为主.对获得的SSDF产品,进行了流变性、溶解度、色泽稳定性、吸油性和阳离子交换能力的测定,并研究了影响其物性的因素.结果表明,从大豆渣中提取的可溶性大豆膳食纤维(SSDF)产品的溶解性好.其水溶液黏度小,溶液黏度受酸、碱、盐的影响较小.SSDF水溶液经长期煮沸后,仍能保持色泽不变.大豆渣SSDF的阳离子交换能力、吸油性均比大豆皮SSDF的高.     

Mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Reactive Black 5 at pH 12.0 using SrTiO3/CeO2 as the catalyst

The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of an azo dye, C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5), has been investigated in an aqueous suspension of SrTiO3/CeO2 composite under 250 W UV irradiation at pH 12.0. The process was studied by monitoring the change in RB5 concentration and the intermediate products employing UV-visible spectrophotometry, ion chromatography (IC), and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques and depletion in total organic carbon (TOC) content as a function of irradiation time. The adsorption peaks at wavelengths of 600, 312, and 254 nm were identified as the chromophore structure, and the naphthalene and benzene components of RB5, respectively. Little influence of iodide ion, tert-butyl alcohol, fluoride ion, or persulfate ion as h(vb)+, *OH, or e(cb)- scavengers on the decolorization proved that the decolorization of RB5 primarily proceeded by photolysis and/or O2*- in the bulk solution. After the decolorization, the process could shift progressively from the bulk solution to the surface of the catalysts and cleavage of the naphthalene and benzene rings was mainly attributed to the h(vb)+ pathway and *OH(ads) reactions, which was further verified by the effect of scavengers.     

表面活性剂对C.I.活性蓝221的增溶作用

分别以NaCl、AEO9、AEO3、JFC、AES和L-64为添加剂,研究了它们对C.I.活性蓝221在25 ℃水中的溶解度的影响。实验结果表明,NaCl的加入会大幅降低染料的溶解度;而五种表面活性剂对染料都有增溶作用,增溶效果依次为：JFC（L-64）>AEO9>AEO3>AES。当JFC或L-64用量为80 g/L时,可使C.I.活性蓝221的溶解度由空白时的100 g/L提高至190 g/L。以JFC,L-64,AEO9为混合助溶剂时,当溶液中含有15 g/L JFC, 20 g/L L-64和5 g/L AEO9时,C.I.活性蓝221的溶解度可以提升至200 g/L,染料溶液稳定时间达20 h以上。     

Separation and purification of lysozyme by Reactive Green 19 immobilised membrane affinity chromatography

A poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/chitosan (pHEMA-chitosan) composite membrane was prepared by UV-initiated photo-polymerisation. A dye ligand (i.e. Reactive Green 19; RG 19) was immobilised onto the membrane. The water content of the dye ligand-immobilised membrane was 50 ± 2% and the amount of immobilised Reactive Green 19 on the membrane was 0.865 μmol/ml. The rates of adsorption of lysozyme on plain composite and dye ligand-immobilised composite membranes were measured in a stirred cell. The adsorption capacity of the composite membrane was determined by changing pH and the concentration of lysozyme in the adsorption medium. Separation and purification of lysozyme from aqueous solution and egg white were investigated, respectively. The lysozyme adsorption capacity of the RG 19 immobilised membrane was 60.8 mg/ml. The adsorption capacity of the plain composite membrane was 7.2 mg/ml. Separation and purification were monitored by determining the lysozyme activity using Micrococcus lysodeikticus as substrate. The lysozyme was purified 25.4-fold in a single step with a recovery 82%, as determined by HPLC. The membranes were stable when subjected to sanitization with sodium hydroxide after repeated adsorption-elution cycles.     

Removal of alpha-picoline, beta-picoline, and gamma-picoline from synthetic wastewater using low cost activated carbons derived from coconut shell fibers

In the present study the ability of activated carbons developed from coconut shell fibers to remove alpha-picoline, beta-picoline, and gamma-picoline from aqueous solution in the broad range of concentrations (1-100 mg/L) is investigated. The derived carbons are designated as FAC (activated carbon derived from coconut shell fibers without any treatment) and ATFAC (activated carbon derived from acid treated coconut shell fibers). Systematic equilibrium and kinetic adsorption studies at different pH, temperatures, particle size, and solid-to-liquid ratio were carried out to determine various parameters necessary to establish the fixed bed reactors. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied and the data are not fitted well by the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, but the Langmuir model has an edge over Freundlich model. The monolayer adsorption capacity (Q0) as calculated using Langmuir adsorption isotherm of the activated carbons viz., FAC and ATFAC is found to increase with an increase in temperature confirming the endothermic process. The ATFAC has a higher sorption capacity than FAC. Overall the adsorption of alpha-picoline, beta-picoline, and y-picoline on FAC and ATFAC follow the order FACalpha-picoline < ATFACalpha-picoline < FAC gamma-picoline < ATFACbeta-picoline < FACbeta picoline < ATFAC gamma-picoline. The adsorption of alpha-,beta-, and gamma-picoline followed the pseudosecond-order rate kinetics. On the basis of these studies, various parameters such as effective diffusion coefficients, activation energy, and entropy of activation were evaluated to establish the mechanisms. It was concluded that the adsorption occurred through particle diffusion at low temperatures viz., 10 degrees C and 25 degrees C (except alpha-picoline where it was film diffusion), while at 40 degrees C it occurred through film diffusion. Similarly at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/L the adsorption was particle diffusion controlled (except for alpha-picoline where it was film diffusion), while at > 50 mg/L it was film diffusion controlled.     

活性染料拼色轧染过程中补液模型的研究

为探究染料拼色轧染体系中补液系统的数字化控制方法，基于拉曼光谱技术对染料拼色染色过程进行实时监测，建立了染料拼色轧染过程中的补液模型。利用拉曼光谱技术与偏最小二乘法(PLS)相结合的方法，建立拼色染料浓度的定量分析模型，实现染料拼色上染过程的实时监测，得到染料拼色上染过程中各染料的初始上染速率值；然后根据补液前后染液质量守恒和各染料质量守恒公式建立染料拼色轧染的补液模型，计算出需要实时补加的各染料质量。实验验证结果表明：通过该补液模型进行补液后，轧染的25块织物色差均保持在0.5左右，且轧染液中各染料的质量浓度基本保持不变；而以原染液质量浓度补液后织物色差达到7左右，染料质量浓度降低了50%以上；该补液模型相比原染液补液体系的准确性较高。     

Aminated polyacrylonitrile fibers for humic acid adsorption: behaviors and mechanisms

Aminated polyacrylonitrile fibers (APANFs) were prepared by surface modification of polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANFs) with diethylenetriamine in a solution, and the APANFs were studied as an adsorbent for humic acid removal in a series of batch adsorption experiments. The surface modification reaction introduced the amine groups on the surface of the fibers, and the APANFs had a zero point of zeta potentials at pH 8.1, in contrast with pH 3.5 for the PANFs. Adsorption experiments indicated that the APANFs were very effective in removing humic acid from aqueous solutions in the pH range of 2-10, whereas the PANFs did not adsorb humic acid at all under the same conditions. It was found that both electrostatic interaction and surface complexation mechanisms played important roles in humic acid adsorption on the APANFs, although the relative importance of each of the adsorption mechanisms varied with solution pH values. With the advantages of large specific surface areas and enhanced reactive surface properties, the APANFs have great potentials in water treatment for the removal of humic substances and other polarized or electrically charged species.     

HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维的制备及其染色性能

 为了实现棉纤维活性染料无盐染色工艺,采用高碘酸钠对棉纤维进行选择性氧化制得氧化棉纤维,以水溶性端氨基超支化合物(HPB—NH2)为改性剂与氧化棉纤维反应制得HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维。讨论HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维制备机制,并采用FT-IR证实了氧化棉纤维中的醛基与HPB—NH2中的端氨基发生了反应。采用活性染料对HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物进行染色试验并测试其染色性能。结果表明,HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物的得色量显著提高,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度以及匀染性能都令人满意。