共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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采用资料收集、问卷调研和现场调查等方法,调研了广东省某市餐厨垃圾产生现状,并深入分析了其分布特征。结果表明,人口数量和经济水平是影响区域餐厨垃圾产生量的主要因素,食堂、特大型餐馆、大型餐馆和中型餐馆餐厨垃圾产生量较大,应作为餐厨垃圾管理的重点。 相似文献
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通过对广州市餐厨垃圾处理现状分析,指出广州市餐厨垃圾管理存在管理和执行不完善等问题,并提出餐厨垃圾的管理需要从源头抓起,落实好运输、处理等各个环节的监管,并采取市场调节等措施。 相似文献
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首先采用水洗处理对餐厨垃圾进行除盐,然后通过高温蒸煮分离油脂,考察了水洗比例(餐厨垃圾∶水,质量比)、离心转速、加热温度等对餐厨垃圾处理效果的影响,优化了处理工艺条件。结果表明,在水洗比例1∶1、离心转速3 000 r·min-1、加热温度80℃下,餐厨垃圾中盐分及油脂的去除效果最好,水相含固率为5.56%,水相COD浓度为61 630 mg·L-1,水相含油量为320 mg·L-1,水相氯离子含量为2 205.97 mg·L-1,固相含水率为87.33%,固相含油率为1.23%,固相含盐量为0.24%,油脂回收率达到81.82%,可有效实现油脂的回收及利用。 相似文献
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餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理技术是目前我国中小规模餐厨垃圾处理项目的主流技术,该技术可使餐厨垃圾得到有效的减量化、资源化处置。本文通过对比国内主要的餐厨垃圾处理技术,分析了餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理技术的工艺组成和技术优势。通过餐厨垃圾协同生活垃圾焚烧处理,可以达到“设施共用、技术协同”,有效提高处理效率及降低投资与运行成本,实现经济与环境效益的双赢。 相似文献
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为了实现餐厨垃圾的减量化,采用高压脉冲电场(pulsed electric field,PEF)对餐厨垃圾预处理后接种厌氧污泥进行厌氧发酵,考察pH、挥发性有机酸(VFA)与日产气量的关系,分析PEF对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵的影响.结果表明:在温度50℃条件下,日产气量与pH成正比例变化趋势,与VFA呈反比例关系.经PEF(电场强度为9.0 kV·cm-1)预处理后,接种20%厌氧污泥,餐厨垃圾干物质产气量(285.1 mL·(g·TS)-1)与TS去除率(28.5%)均达到最高,高于无PEF预处理餐厨垃圾的干物质产气量(267.3 mL·(g· TS)-1)和TS去除率(26.8%).PEF能够杀死餐厨垃圾样品中的微生物,改善接种后微生物的生存环境,减少微生物发生种间竞争的概率,利于提高产气量. 相似文献
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Benqin Yang 《Drying Technology》2016,34(1):76-90
By aerobically cultivating the fragmented sponge in synthetic wastewater containing activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), biofilm was developed on its surface, and this biofilm-containing sponge was used as a bulking agent and microbial carrier for food waste (FW) bioevaporation. The water of the FW was evaporated by metabolic heat released from the aerobic microbial degradation of the volatile solids (VS) contained in FW. Repeated running of FW bioevaporation for 10 cycles was successful in that 85–96% of the H2O added as FW was removed by consuming 56–71% of the FW VS during the second to tenth cycles. For the first cycle, it was found by microbial community analysis using a pyrosequencing technique that heat production was less than subsequent cycles (second to tenth cycles) because thermophilic microorganisms were not fully developed yet. From the second to tenth cycles, thermophilic bacteria, mostly belonging to the genus Bacillus, accounted for 43–83% of the total population, whereas less than 1% was identified as Bacillus among microorganisms contained in the FW, fresh biofilm, and the feed (mixture of FW and biofilm-developed sponge). B. thermolactics, B. coagulans, and Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis were the major species in the second to tenth cycles of the bioevaporation process. It was also found that the accumulated VS was further degraded by adding water into the bioevaporation reactor. From these results, it was concluded that repeated bioevaporation was possible by using biofilm-developed sponge. 相似文献
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短程好氧发酵强化餐厨废物厌氧消化性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了短程好氧预处理提高餐厨废物高温厌氧消化性能。结果表明:短程好氧发酵减少了餐厨废物中多余的易酸化和易降解的有机物,增强了高温厌氧反应的稳定性,提高了产气量和消化效率;同时,必须防止过度好氧发酵以免过多地消耗底物和降低产气量。餐厨废物经过12h好氧处理的厌氧消化过程稳定性能最好、累积产气量达到最大值29928mL,较直接厌氧消化提高了26%。厌氧消化动力学研究表明,短程好氧发酵6h、12h、24h、48h和72h的餐厨废物的厌氧反应速率常数分别为0.145d^-1、0.143d^-1、0.140d^-1、0.175d^-1和0.182d^-1。 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾厌氧消化中甲烷产量的生物动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对城市生活垃圾高温间歇厌氧消化的实验,对其产气进行分析.结果表明:(1)城市生活垃圾厌氧消化的产气是体系中微生物作用的结果,其产气速率、甲烷含量的变化等几乎均与体系中产甲烷菌的阶段变化一致,基本上分为缓慢产CH4阶段、CH4含量指数增长阶段、CH4含量稳定阶段及CH4含量递减阶段,分别对应产甲烷菌生长的迟缓期、指数期、稳定期及衰亡期.(2)以微生物生长动力学为基础,推断出沼气中CH4含量的变化与产甲烷菌的变化之间存在着(dY)/(dt)=k(dX)/(dt)的比例关系,其系数k为产甲烷菌的产甲烷活性的表征.并通过实验进行模拟得出系数μmax=0.142 d-1,Kdc=0.0612 d-1及迟缓期、指数期、稳定期、衰亡期的k(mL/gVSS)分别为0.041、0.041、0.000、-0.0968.并且,也可依据(dY)/(dt)来判断产甲烷菌生长的各个阶段及体系中微生物菌群的优势程度. 相似文献
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脂肪酶广泛运用于食品工业中。文章介绍了脂肪酶的作用机理,并概述了当前在食品工业中有关脂肪酶的应用。但其在固定化的运用中,过程复杂、效率低和成本高,脂肪酶在其应用中提出了展望。 相似文献
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Mohamed H. M. Hussein Mohamed F. El-Hady Hassan A. H. Shehata Mohammad A. Hegazy Hassan H. H. Hefni 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2013,16(2):233-242
Chitosan is one of the important biopolymers and it is extracted from exoskeletons of crustaceans in sea food waste. It is a suitable eco-friendly carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in acid media; the deacetylation degree of prepared chitosan is more than 85.16 %, and the molecular weight average is 109 kDa. Chitosan was modified to 2-N,N-diethylbenzene ammonium chloride N-oxoethyl chitosan (compound I), and 12-ammonium chloride N-oxododecan chitosan (compound II) as soluble water derivatives. The corrosion inhibition efficiency for carbon steel of compound (I) in 1 M HCl at varying temperature is higher than for chitosan and compound (II). However, the antibacterial activity of chitosan for Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans is higher than for its derivatives, and the minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bacterial concentration of chitosan and its derivatives were carried out with the same strain. 相似文献
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固体废弃物在硅酸盐工业中的资源化再利用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
可用于硅酸盐工业(水泥工业、玻璃工业、陶瓷工业)领域中的固体废弃物种类多,用量大,有着广阔的前景,加大硅酸盐工业再利用废弃物的研究,对保护环境,促进经济的可持续性发展具有重要意义. 相似文献