基于模糊数学感官和响应面法研制豆渣麻花及品质分析

本文以豆渣粉和中筋粉为主要原料,辅以泡打粉、植物油、蔗糖、全蛋液进行豆渣麻花的研制.在单因素实验的基础上,利用模糊数学感官评价法和响应面优化法对影响豆渣麻花感官品质的蔗糖添加量、植物油添加量、豆渣粉添加量进行优化,并对最后成品的营养成分、理化指标和微生物指标进行相关测定.豆渣麻花的最佳工艺配方为:豆渣粉添加量14％(豆...     

一种家庭豆浆机豆片原料的研制

为了制备专用于家庭豆浆机、不产生豆渣的大豆原料,利用干法粉碎制备脱皮大豆豆粉,然后利用单冲压片机压制成豆片。以豆片为原料利用家用豆浆机按照干豆豆浆程序制备豆浆,以残渣率、粗蛋白含量、蛋白体外消化率及感官评分为指标对豆浆品质进行评价,结果表明将豆粉压制成片可避免以豆粉直接制备豆浆产生的加热管焦糊现象;与脱皮豆相比,豆浆残渣率从8.51%降低到1.30%,感官试验表明,利用豆片制备豆浆,不分渣在口感上亦可完全接受;粗蛋白从2.26%提高到3.08%;体外消化率(氮释放量)从49.82%提高到64.35%;感官评分从82.3分提高到91.8分。因此,利用豆片作为家用豆浆机专用原料可以提高原料利用率、蛋白质消化率及感官品质,且不用分渣,可实现原料(大豆子叶)全利用。     

Novel Products from Underutilized Fish Using Combined Processing Technology

Mincing or surimi-processing, followed by fermentation, extrusion and intermediate moisture food (IMF) processing were combined to investigate new ways to create fish protein based snack foods. A dough of fermented fish (minced or surimi), wheat flour, corn starch, and water was extruded and subsequently dried resulting in an IMF product at pH 5.2, water activity 0.90 and moisture about 30%. The products had a chewy texture, were shelf-stable and could be processed into flavored, high-protein snack foods.     

脂肪氧化酶缺失品种豆腐的感官和质构评价

豆制品的豆腥味与大豆中的脂肪氧化酶活性有关,为了降低豆腥味,培育出了脂肪氧化酶缺失类型的大豆品种.本研究分析了脂肪氧化酶缺失品种大豆(北农103)和普通大豆的脂肪氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、蛋白质亚基组成、Ca、Mg和植酸磷的含量等理化性质,并以这两种大豆为原料分别用卤水、石膏和内酯为凝固剂加工豆腐,对其豆腐产品进行了感官和质构评价.感官分析结果表明,脂肪氧化酶缺失品种(北农103)豆腐的豆腥味明显弱于普通大豆豆腐,由北农103大豆品种加工成的内酯和卤水豆腐的质构特性好于普通品种大豆,而石膏豆腐则相反.     

COMPARISON AMONG GLUTEN,MALTODEXTRIN, AND SOYBEAN OIL COATINGS AS FLAVOR CARRIERS ON PITA CHIPS1

Dietary health concerns of consumers have prompted manufacturers to produce snacks with lower fat content. Reduced fat products need additional ingredients to compensate for flavor loss. Gluten and maltodextrin coatings were compared with soybean oil as a carrier of cheese powder on pita chips. Coated pita chips were packaged with or without nitrogen and stored at 33C and 50% humidity for 60 days. Physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of the chips were evaluated. Saturation index and hue angle were significantly different at 30 and 60 days for all treatments. Instrumental texture analysis was inconclusive due to high standard deviations. Peroxide value for oil‐coated chips increased significantly over time. Consumer acceptance testing indicated a stronger cheese flavor for maltodextrin and gluten treatments compared with oil. No off‐flavors were detected from any chips. Microbial counts were low and did not differ significantly among treatments. Gluten and maltodextrin coatings may be alternative flavor carriers to oil for reduced fat content in snack foods.     

PREPARATION OF SOYBEAN CHEESE USING LACTIC STARTER ORGANISMS. Effects of Mold Ripening and Increasing Concentrations of Skim Milk Solids

SUMMARY– Soybean cheeses were prepared from blends of skim milk powder and soybean milk in which the skim milk powder contributed 0, 25, 50 and 75% of total dry weight. The amount of skim milk had little effect on the flavor of the finished cheese, due to the dominating effect of the beany flavor of the soybeans. Similarly, the skim milk had little effect on the texture of the finished cheese, indicating that only a small amount of fibrous matter from the soybeans is necessary to impart a mealy texture to the product. Mold ripening resulted in desirable changes in texture, but these were offset by the development of bitter flavors.     

高能食品配方设计与优化

以黄豆,燕麦,奶粉为主要原料,以"食品代谢能量换算系数推导系统"为设计基础,以营养科学配比为设计原则,结合模糊评分法对产品进行综合感官品质评定,最终研发一种具有良好适口性,同时能快速补充能量与营养的应急食品。在配方优化过程中综合感,功能,营养三方面的影响对配方进行调整,结果表明最佳配方为:全脂乳粉46.92%,黄豆16.59%,燕麦16.59%,白砂糖14.21%,大豆色拉油5.69%。     

Frozen Wild Blueberry-Tofu-Soymilk Desserts

Both wild (lowbush) blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.) possess a variety of antioxidants, and both foods appear to have multiple health benefits. Our objectives were to identify whether wild blueberry juice concentrate was more acceptable than puree in frozen desserts with a soy milk‐tofu base; to determine whether fat‐free products were as acceptable as those with 10% added fat; and to compare several levels of blueberry juice concentrate. Four frozen dessert formulations were prepared in duplicate from soy milk, silken tofu, sucrose, stabilizer, BJC or puree, soybean oil or polydextrose, sweetened dried blueberries, salt, and lemon juice. Samples were assayed for total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, color, overrun, and solids. Fifty‐five persons evaluated the samples using a 9‐point hedonic scale for color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. Samples containing blueberry juice concentrate were darker and less blue. Anthocyanin levels were highest in the puree sample and the fat‐free product with 7.8% blueberry juice concentrate. However, antioxidant activity was highest (28 Trolox equivalents per gram) in the samples made with soybean oil and 7.4% blueberry juice concentrate. The puree formulation received higher hedonic scores than did the low‐fat blueberry juice concentrate formulations. The puree formulation received overall acceptability scores of like very much or like extremely by 45% of the consumers. These findings may aid processors in defining potential formulations that combine 2 healthful food ingredients.     

泰莱以X-PAND’R~(?)683增强其速溶淀粉阵容

<正> 世界领先的食品配料供应商泰莱公司,推出X-PAND’R~(?)683扩充了其食用淀粉的生产线。X-PAND’R~(?)683是一种预糊化的蜡质玉米淀粉,该淀粉会使面包和糕点拥有一种酥脆并带有粘性的质感。新淀粉可以让面团在传统的切割机和挤压机里加工不会发生粘连,有助于更好地制作出粘韧的面团,因而非常适用于一些需要切片、成形、涂     

高大豆蛋白营养棒原料的选择及其对质构的影响

研究了制作焙烤类高大豆蛋白营养棒最适原料的选择,原料物质添加比例对面团性质和产品质构的影响。结果表明,实验所用三种大豆蛋白制品中,脱脂脱腥豆粉最适宜用来制作焙烤类大豆蛋白营养棒。质构测试结果表明,随着脱脂脱腥豆粉替代传统原料比例的增加,面团的硬度、弹性均呈上升的趋势;结果还表明在其替代饼干粉生产营养棒的过程中,脱脂脱腥豆粉的加入会增加营养棒的硬度;最终在脱脂脱腥豆粉添加量90%,乳清蛋白粉10%时,制得的营养棒感官评分最高,并达到了高蛋白的要求。     

INCREASES IN THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF SOYBEAN AND SUNFLOWER OILS AND PRODUCT QUALITY CHANGES OF POTATOES DURING INTERRUPTED DEEP FAT FRYING1

During a 32 h interrupted period of heat processing French fries, the rate of change in the dielectric constants of soybean and sunflower oils was determined. Selected quality parameters (moisture, yield, texture, food energy) were also measured during this period. Heat processing conditions simulated good operational practices for deep fat frying within a commercial setting. The dielectric constant of sunflower increased at a significantly greater rate than soybean oil, indicating increased rates of oil deterioration. Moisture content and yield of the French fries did not differ throughout the 32 h period. Mean texture values (force) were 661 and 643 g for soybean and sunflower oil, respectively. Significant linear interactions among oil and time were found for texture. The food energy content (Kcal/g; dry basis) of French fries heat processed in sunflower oil was significantly lower than those, in soybean oil.     

不同干燥方式的豆渣香气成分的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法研究干燥处理(晾晒、热风、微波、真空及真空冷冻干燥)对豆渣香气成分的影响,并结合香气阈值和相对气味活度值分析不同干燥豆渣的主体豆腥味成分。共检出52种挥发性成分,主要为醛、酮、醇、酯类等。晾干豆渣主要香气成分为3-羟基-2-丁酮(18.29%)、己醛(16.30%)和丙酮(11.87%),豆腥味成分最多且相对含量最高;热风干燥豆渣各挥发性组分相对含量均较低;微波干燥豆渣醇及酮类相对含量较高;真空干燥豆渣主要香气成分为苯甲醛(11.18%)和2,3-丁二酮(11.27%),产生仅少于晾干豆渣的豆腥味成分;真空冻干豆渣主要香气成分为乙酸乙酯(46.72%)和丙酮(22.86%),豆腥味成分仅占1.81%。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF PAP AD FROM DIFFERENT BLENDS OF CEREALS WITH BLACKGRAM

A traditional oriental snack food, papad, was made from blends of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) with various cereals (rice, sorghum and wheat flour) at 25 and 40% levels. Papads were made by varying the moisture content of the dough (37.8–41.5%) and the thickness of papad sheet (0.4–0.7 mm). The diametrical expansion, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and overall acceptability score of the papads were determined. Papads made with a blend of rice flour (25%) and blackgram (75%) closely resembled the product made from blackgram alone. The overall acceptability was moderately correlated (r=0.713, p ≤ 0.10) to diametrical expansion and to water absorption capacity (r = 0.874, p ≤ 0.01). A desirable crispy texture in papad can be obtained with a flour having high water absorption values.     

新型黄豆芽脆条的研制

介绍用适度发芽溶解、科学干燥的黄豆芽粉及面粉、木薯淀粉、糖、盐、味精等为主要原料研制的具有保健功能的即食性食品。其中每加工100kg脆条需投入干燥黄豆芽粉30kg,产品经油炸、上味、离心脱油、真空包装而成。     

鸡油基起酥油对面包感官、风味及老化特性的影响

为综合评价鸡油基焙烤专用起酥油的使用效果,以市售棕榈油基起酥油和大豆油焙烤面包为对照,采用感官评价结合固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析焙烤面包的可接受程度,并采用质构仪、差示量热扫描仪以及直接干燥法测定贮藏过程中面包的老化特性。结果表明:鸡油基起酥油焙烤面包可以提高面包比容,同时提高面包的总体可接受度,使面包获得较高的感官评分;鸡油基起酥油增加了面包中风味化合物的种类,同时使各类风味化合物的相对含量发生变化;鸡油基起酥油降低了面包贮藏期内的硬度、老化焓值和水分迁移,延缓了面包的老化。     

Soybean okara: Effect of ultrasound on compositional and emulsifying properties

High-intensity ultrasound is widely used to modify the functional properties of macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) and to expand their range of potential applications. This work is aimed at studying the effects of ultrasound treatments on the composition of different soybean okara samples and their potential as an emulsifying agent. Defatted solvent-free soybean flour (DSF) was extracted by adjusting dispersion to pH 9.0. Insoluble residues obtained after centrifugation were dried, and an unsonicated okara sample (UOK) was obtained. Furthermore, the soybean flour dispersion was subjected to treatment in a probe-type ultrasonic homogeniser before or after the alkaline extraction process, thus producing SOK and OKS samples, respectively. The sonication process generated compositional and structural changes in okara soybeans. SOK had higher yield and protein content than UOK and OKS due to the insolubilisation of the glycinin (11S) fraction of soybean storage proteins. Due to these characteristics, the SOK sample showed the best emulsifying activity.     

滤油粉对大豆油煎炸品质的影响

目的考察滤油粉对大豆油煎炸品质的影响。方法以一级大豆油为研究对象,对其早期煎炸过程中的酸价、色泽、极性组分等3项评价指标进行检测并分析其变化趋势,并对煎炸后的食材进行了风味差异性对比的感官评价实验。结果随着煎炸时间的增加,使用了滤油粉后,一级大豆油的酸价、色泽、极性组分都呈现下降的趋势。此外,使用滤油粉的大豆油所炸制出来的的食物在风味上并没有明显差异。结论滤油粉能改善大豆油在煎炸过程中的部分品质。     

Studies on a Soy-Based Low-Fat Spread

A soy protein-lipid concentrate derived from the suspension obtained by grinding soaked and blanched soybeans in water was used, with suitable vegetable fats, as a base for the preparation of a low-calorie spread. Skimmilk powder improved mouth-feel and flavor. Sodium citrate increased flowabiliry of the hot spread and decreased oiling off of the finished product. Hydroocolloids such as carrageenan and guar gum could effectively enhance spreadability. Plasticizers, viz., sorbitol and glycerol, favorably influenced viscosity, and texture and flavor characteristics. Butter annatto and β-carotene used as colorants, with certain commercial flavorings, rendered the product sensorily close to traditional butter. The spread had distinctly superior spread-ability properties. It kept well for about 3 months at refrigeration temperature.     

Puffing of Okara/Rice Blends Using a Rice Cake Machine

ABSTRACT: Okara is the insoluble byproduct of soymilk and tofu manufactures. It is cheap, high in nutrients, and possesses great potential to be applied to functional human foods. In this study, a puffed okara/rice cake product was developed with blends of okara pellets and parboiled rice. Consumer preference and acceptance tests were conducted for the product. Okara pellets were prepared by grinding the strands obtained from extruding a mixture of dried okara and rice flour (3:2, w/w) with a twin‐screw extruder. Okara pellets and parboiled rice were blended in 4 ratios, 90:10, 70:30, 40:60, and 0:100 (w/w), and tempered to 14% and 17% moisture. The blends were puffed at 221, 232, and 243 °C for 4, 5, or 6 s. The okara/rice cakes were evaluated for specific volume (SPV), texture, color, and percent weight loss after tumbling. Overall, the decrease in okara content and increase in moisture, heating temperature and time led to greater specific volume (SPV) and hardness, lighter color, and lower percent weight loss after tumbling. The consumer tests indicated that the okara/rice cake containing 70% okara pellets was preferred and the 90% one was liked the least. The possible drivers of liking for the puffed okara/rice cakes could be the okara content, hardness, SPV, bright color, and percent weight loss after tumbling.