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1.
For part 1 see ibid. vol.47, no.9, p.1280 (1994). Two computation schemes for calculating the far-field pattern in the time domain from sampled near-field data are developed and applied. The sampled near-field data consists of the values of the field on the scan plane measured at discrete times and at discrete points on the scan plane. The first computation scheme is based on a frequency-domain near-field to far-field formula and applies frequency-domain sampling theorems to the computed frequency-domain near field. The second computation scheme is based on a time-domain near-field to far-field formula and computes the time-domain far field directly from the time-domain near field. A time-domain sampling theorem is derived to determine the spacing between sample points on the scan plane. The computer time for each of the two schemes is determined and numerical examples illustrate the use and the general properties of the schemes. For large antennas the frequency-domain computation scheme takes less time to compute the full far field than the time-domain computation scheme. However, the time-domain computation scheme is simpler, more direct, and easier to program. It is also found that planar time-domain near-field antenna measurements, unlike single-frequency near-field measurements, have the capability of eliminating the error caused by the finite scan plane, and thus can be applied to broadbeam antennas 相似文献
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Schmidt C.H. Leibfritz M.M. Eibert T.F. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,56(3):737-746
Near-field antenna measurements combined with a near-field far-field transformation are an established antenna characterization technique. The approach avoids far-field measurements and offers a wide area of post-processing possibilities including radiation pattern determination and diagnostic methods. In this paper, a near-field far-field transformation algorithm employing plane wave expansion is presented and applied to the case of spherical near-field measurements. Compared to existing algorithms, this approach exploits the benefits of diagonalized translation operators, known from fast multipole methods. Due to the plane wave based field representation, a probe correction, using directly the probe's far-field pattern can easily be integrated into the transformation. Hence, it is possible to perform a full probe correction for arbitrary field probes with almost no additional effort. In contrast to other plane wave techniques, like holographic projections, which are suitable for highly directive antennas, the presented approach is applicable for arbitrary radiating structures. Major advantages are low computational effort with respect to the coupling matrix elements owing to the use of diagonalized translation operators and the efficient correction of arbitrary field probes. Also, irregular measurement grids can be handled with little additional effort. 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》1973,61(12):1668-1694
In many cases, it is impractical or impossible to make antenna pattern measurements on a conventional far-field range; the distance to the radiating far field may be too long, it may be impractical to move the antenna from its operating environment to an antenna range, or the desired amount of pattern data may require too much time on a far-field range. For these and other reasons, it is often desirable or necessary to determine far-field antenna patterns from measurements made in the radiating near-field region; three basic techniques for accomplishing this have proven to be successful. In the first technique, the aperture phase and amplitude distributions are sampled by a scanning field probe, and then the measured distributions are transformed to the far field. In the second technique, a plane wave that is approximately uniform in amplitude is created by a feed and large reflector in the immediate vicinity of the test antenna. And in the third technique, the test antenna is focused within the radiating near-field region, patterns are measured at the reduced range, and then the antenna is refocused to infinity. Each of these techniques is discussed, and the various advantages and limitations of each technique are presented. 相似文献
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Microwave diagnosis of antennas is considered as a viable tool for the determination of reflector surface distortions and location of defective radiating elements of array antennas. A hybrid technique based on the combination of the spherical near-field measurements and holographic metrology reconstruction is presented. The measured spherical near-field data are first used to construct the far-field amplitude and phase patterns of the antenna on specified regularized u -v coordinates. These data are then utilized in the surface profile reconstruction of the holographic technique using a fast-Fourier-transform (FFT)/iterative approach. Results of an experiment using a 156-cm reflector antenna measured at 11.3 GHz are presented for both the original antenna and the antenna with four attached bumps. Several contour and gray-scaled plots are presented for the reconstructed surface profiles of the measured antennas. The recovery effectiveness of the attached bumps has been demonstrated. The hybrid procedure presented is used to assess the achieved accuracy of the holographic reconstruction technique because of its ability to determine very accurate far-field amplitude and phase data from the spherical near-field measurements 相似文献
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《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》1992,40(11):1348-1356
An alternative method is presented for computing far-field antenna patterns from near-field measurements. The method utilizes the near-field data to determine equivalent magnetic current sources over a fictitious planar surface that encompasses the antenna, and these currents are used to ascertain the far fields. Under certain approximations, the currents should produce the correct far fields in all regions in front of the antenna regardless of the geometry over which the near-field measurements are made. An electric field integral equation (EFIE) is developed to relate the near fields to the equivalent magnetic currents. The method of moments is used to transform the integral equation into a matrix one. The matrix equation is solved with the conjugate gradient method, and in the case of a rectangular matrix, a least-squares solution for the currents is found without explicitly computing the normal form of the equation. Near-field to far-field transformation for planar scanning may be efficiently performed under certain conditions. Numerical results are presented for several antenna configurations 相似文献
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介绍用于天线平面近场测量的一种近远场变换新算法。该法利用被测天线的平面波谱和口径场幅相分布之间的关系,以及天线口面的约束条件,用G-P迭代算法从平面波谱的置信谱域部分恢复出置信谱域外的平面波谱。这种方法减小了较小截断角下有限扫描面对测量精度的影响,并提高了天线近场测量的效率。 相似文献
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A modified sampling technique is applied to the reconstruction of the antenna far-field pattern from near-field measurements on a cylinder. It is shown that, if a proper phase factor is singled out from the tangential components of the measured electric field, the samples spacing along the axis of the measurement cylinder increases linearly with the cylinder radius. Thus, when this radius is substantially larger than the antenna's dimension, the sample's spacing can be much greater than the half-wavelength spacing commonly accepted as the maximum possible one, without losing the computational efficiency of the standard approach 相似文献
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This paper presents a new approach to derive far-field data needed in antenna and EMI/EMC testing from near-field measurements. An exact integral equation solution to the wave propagation problem is used to transform the near-field data to the far field. The method requires near-field measurements on two closed surfaces enclosing all sources and inhomogeneities. The approach is validated with numerical simulation of measurements of fields radiated from a known antenna 相似文献
11.
A near-field to far-field (NF-FF) transformation is addressed for the case of spherical scanning using equivalent magnetic currents (EMCs) and matrix methods. It is based on the decoupling of the field components and the iterative retrieval of the radial component of the electric field. The technique is applied for far-field calculation as well as for the estimation of the current distribution of the antenna under test (AUT) using spherical near-field facilities. Results from measured near-field data of several antennas are presented and compared to those of the analytical solution via a spherical wave mode expansion method 相似文献
12.
Laurin J.-J. Zurcher J.-F. Gardiol F.E. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2001,49(5):814-828
A near-field to far-field transformation based on the antenna representation by equivalent magnetic current (EMC) sources has been proposed and validated experimentally on large high-directivity antenna arrays. In this paper, the use of EMC is extended to the diagnostics of low-directivity printed antennas. The limitation of the near-field to far-field transformation applied to EMC models of low-directivity antennas, caused by the finite dimensions of the antenna ground plane, is demonstrated. A method to partially overcome this limitation by including the contribution of diffracted rays is implemented, and its effectiveness is demonstrated with antenna prototypes. It is shown that the agreement between the far-field patterns measured in an anechoic chamber and the patterns computed from the EMC model obtained from the near-field measurements is significantly improved upon, within a sector of ±90° with respect to the antenna boresight in the E plane. The influence of the near-field sampling density and topology of the EMC model on the accuracy of the predicted far-field pattern is examined 相似文献
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Yaccarino R.G. Williams L.I. Rahmat-Samii Y. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》1996,44(7):1049-1051
This paper investigates linear spiral sampling for bipolar planar near-field antenna measurements. This sampling scheme is, depending on range implementation, the most rapid polar near-filed data acquisition mode. The near-field to far-field transformation is performed using a modified optimal sampling interpolation (OSI)/fast Fourier transform (FFT) approach. Measured far-field pattern results for a waveguide-fed slot array antenna are presented and are shown to have excellent agreement with results obtained from a conventional bipolar measurement 相似文献
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《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2009,57(5):1382-1390
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A phaseless cylindrical near-field/far-field transformation algorithm is described. The technique uses the measurement of two near-field intensity distributions and knowledge of the antenna geometry. Verification measurements are presented for a waveguide array.<> 相似文献
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天线的远场对于研究天线辐射特性具有重大意义,近场测量技术因其能够避免直接测量远场而得到广泛应用,该技术采用近远场变换获得远场,然而,检验该远场的准确性也是很重要的.为了解决此类问题,文中以球面近场测量为例,提供了一种解决方案.该方案主要探讨了球面波模式展开理论,该理论是实现球面近远场变换算法的关键,其将待测天线在空间建立的场展开成球面波函数之和,天线的加权系数既包含了远场信息也包含了近场信息.因此,不仅能够利用近场测量信息获得远场辐射特性,同样能够利用远场辐射特性反推得到近场处电场,这样就能检验由近远场变换算法得到的远场是否准确.文中首先推算得到了近远场变换公式,随后进一步推算得到远近场变换的公式,最后将本文算法计算结果与FEKO测量结果进行比较,二者吻合良好,从而证实了本文两种算法的有效性. 相似文献
18.
Antenna near-field measurements typically require very accurate measurement of the near-field phase. There are applications where an accurate phase measurement may not be practically achievable. Phaseless measurements are beginning to emerge as an alternative microwave antenna measurements technique when phase cannot be directly measured. There are many important aspects for successful implementation of a phaseless measurement algorithm. This paper presents appropriate phaseless measurement requirements and a phase retrieval algorithm tailored for the bi-polar planar near-field antenna measurement technique. Two amplitude measurements and a squared amplitude optimal sampling interpolation method are integrated with an iterative Fourier procedure to first retrieve the phase information and then construct both the far-field pattern and diagnostic characteristics of the antenna under test. In order to critically examine the methodologies developed in this paper, phaseless measurement results for two different array antennas are presented and compared to results obtained when the near-field amplitude and phase are directly measured 相似文献
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The problems involved in the direct far-field measurements of large antennas have led to the development of the near-field measurement technique. According to this method, the far-field pattern of the antenna is calculated from the near-field measurements close to the antenna. The only inconvenience in this technique is the slow rate of measurements. This slowness is due to the mechanical displacement of the measuring probe or the test antenna. The modulated scattering technique is a method to reduce the measurement time while preserving acceptable levels of accuracy. This article is mainly concerned with estimating the possible measurement rates in typical configurations. 相似文献
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Test zone field (TZF) compensation increases antenna pattern measurement accuracy by compensating for extraneous fields created by reflection and scattering of the range antenna field from fixed objects in the range and by leakage of the range RF system from a fixed location in the range. TZF compensation can be used on fixed line-of-sight (static) far-field, compact, and near-field ranges. Other compensation techniques are seldom used in practical measurement situations because they are limited in the amount of compensation they provide. These techniques do not adequately model the type of extraneous field present in the range or require increased measurement time and equipment necessary to implement the technique. TZF compensation overcomes these limits as follows. The TZF is measured over a spherical surface encompassing the test zone using a low gain probe. The measured TZF is used antenna pattern measurements to compensate for extraneous fields. TZF compensation theory is presented and demonstrated using measured data 相似文献