基于含金属芯压电纤维的冲击载荷定位

采用含金属芯压电纤维(MPF)作为传感元件,利用其传感的方向性特点,提出了一种基于MPF花形结构的冲击载荷定位方法,该方法无需知道应力波在结构中的传播速度。同时,利用该方法进行了板结构冲击载荷定位的实验研究,研究结果表明基于MPF花形组合结构的方法可以用于冲击载荷定位,而且定位精度较高。     

风电轴承多工况试验载荷谱的编制

首先采用雨流计数法统计分析单一工况载荷幅值、均值的循环作用次数,根据相关系数优化法得到单一工况载荷幅值的概率分布函数,同时通过波动中心方法获得单一工况载荷均值的波动中心;再采用加权方式确定多工况载荷幅值的复合概率分布函数以及载荷均值的总波动中心.将载荷幅值作用次数扩展为10(6)次,进而得到载荷幅值不等距8级载荷谱,将该幅值的8级载荷谱叠加于均值的总波动中心编制成风电轴承多工况试验载荷谱.试验载荷谱既保留了多工况原始工作载荷的母体特性,又使轴承的试验加载成为可能.     

压电微小载荷疲劳试验机设计与实验

为了实现对微小高频受力器件的疲劳试验与检测,本文提出一种悬臂式压电微小载荷疲劳试验机,该机构采用矩形压电振子作为驱动力源.首先设计并分析了疲劳试验机结构与工作原理,然后对系统振动模态进行了分析,得到系统工作状态的振动模型,并建立微分方程对系统进行动力学研究,推导出工作时试件的振动位移与承受载荷的表达式,确定影响振动位移...     

冲击载荷下泵车底架结构疲劳累积损伤试验研究

针对泵车底架长期处于高应力幅值的交变冲击载荷下,结构产生疲劳破坏从而引发泵车倾翻的安全问题,基于随机变幅载荷下结构疲劳累积损伤理论,提出了基于有限元分析与应力试验的结构设计,以及基于全工况随机载荷谱采集处理与疲劳累积损伤试验验证评估技术的精细耐久性设计验证方法,通过底架结构应力试验与疲劳试验进行试验验证.泵车底架结构可...     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的载荷定位与检测方法

针对传统定位系统存在的结构复杂、实时性低、需要建立训练集等问题,提出利用光纤Bragg光栅结合直角应变花结构的方法对冲击源进行定位。在平面应变下,建立横向效应补偿因子模型和应变解耦模型,证明了光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg grating,FBG)直角应变花结构用于定位时不受横向效应的影响。同时针对四边简支薄板结构,提出一种判定冲击载荷大小的新方法。通过不同位置两组FBG应变花分别测得的主应变方向,其交点来确定冲击源坐标;通过FBG传感器测得的轴向应变经横向效应补偿,并结合四边简支板扰度曲线和定位坐标,来对冲击载荷大小进行测量。试验表明其定位精度达到2.9 cm以内,定位实时性1 ms左右,冲击载荷大小判定误差在3 N以内。为冲击平台载荷检测提供了一种实用可行的方法。     

复合材料层板OFDR分布式光纤冲击判位方法研究

基于复合材料的航空航天器结构在服役过程中受到外界物体冲击易造成损伤,常规光纤Bragg光栅冲击监测模式需要借助大量试验建立冲击响应样本库,不仅工作量大,还会影响被测结构力学性能,甚至造成预先损伤。为此,提出了一种基于应变幅值非线性加权原理的复合材料层板结构分布式光纤冲击位置辨识方法,通过提取结构应变响应幅值作为特征量,结合无需先验样本的非线性加权原理实现冲击载荷位置辨识。借助有限元数值仿真,模拟得到冲击载荷作用下复合材料层板结构应变响应与分布特征,并根据仿真结果对该辨识方法加以验证。构建了基于高空间分辨率分布式光纤传感器的冲击监测系统,平均定位误差约为8.44 mm。研究表明,所提方法具有便于集成、通用性强以及无需构建样本库等特点,能够为航空航天器结构健康监测、寿命评估和快速维护提供技术支撑。     

直齿轮减振修形优化设计

为了提高齿轮副实际齿面啮合性能,设计齿廓修形曲面,与理论齿面叠加构造了直齿轮实际修形齿面,结合TCA、LTCA技术,建立考虑啮入冲击、刚度激励的直齿轮弯扭耦合的多齿对振动模型,以传动误差幅值、啮合冲击、啮合线向相对加速度均方根最小进行多目标优化,设计了最佳修形齿面。研究表明:无修形齿轮的传动误差幅值随载荷增加而增大,修形后随载荷增加重合度逐渐增大,幅值会产生波动,然后保持稳定,修形后直齿轮啮入啮出端载荷明显降低,因此啮合冲击降低;该方法确定的齿轮修形参数精确、有效,能大幅度减小齿轮的振动。     

动载荷识别的小波级数分解法阶次确定

在基于正交小波级数分解法的分布动载荷识别过程中,由于小波级数阶次的不适当选择,造成载荷识别的不准确或计算量庞大。通过矩阵的谱分解,根据Parseval定理,信号在时域中的总能量和频域中的总能量是相等的,给出了随着阶次的增加而趋于收敛的小波级数系数幅值的包络线,将没有确定解析规律的小波级数系数解析化,得到确定的小波级数阶次与载荷识别相对误差的函数关系。根据实际工程需求的识别误差等级来选取小波级数的阶次,给出了待识别动载荷级数分解时选择阶次的理论依据。计算机仿真分别采用单频、多频、实际载荷信号,试验系统采用冲击载荷加载,验证了该定阶方法的正确性和有效性,结果表明定阶理论适用于不同载荷类型。     

数字滤波对瞬态冲击脉冲信号的影响

讨论了冲击脉冲类型的瞬态信号用数字信号方法处理时,数字滤波对处理结果的幅值及波形将产生影响。并对这种影响进行了研讨。经用矩形窗和Hanning窗对半周正弦脉冲信号进行数字滤波可知,采用具有过渡带的窗并提高采样频率可减小滤波后结果的幅值误差和波形失真。还对某型火箭发射时燃气流冲击载荷的测试结果进行了分析。     

基于实际行驶载荷的电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验方法研究

电动汽车电机具有高频转矩特性,其冲击载荷对减速器、差速器等传动系统疲劳寿命的影响越来越受到企业的重视。根据电动汽车差速器实际受扭转载荷情况,设计了基于液压伺服的电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验系统。采用无线遥测系统在垫江试验场按照帕斯卡试验规范对电动汽车半轴转矩进行了实车采集,通过对采集的半轴转矩载荷谱进行预处理和时频域特征分析后,确定了扭转疲劳试验加载波形为正弦波,加载频率为0.5 Hz。通过雨流计数和外推确定了加载幅值和加载频次,从而建立了电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验方法。最后,搭建电动汽车差速器扭转疲劳试验系统,对该试验方法进行了验证。结果表明,差速器的疲劳破坏部位及形式与实车行驶时疲劳破坏部位及形式一致,所建立的方法是有效可行的。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.