乙烯装置污水预处理pH控制调节系统的优化

介绍抚顺乙烯化工厂乙烯装置污水预处理工艺流程,及其污水预处理pH控制调节系统在乙烯装置上的应用.针对污水预处理pH控制调节系统在运行中存在的实际问题,提出优化措施,并给出优化前后乙烯装置污水预处理效果的比较结果.     

高效生物氧化法预处理高浓度炼油污水

针对炼油装置生产过程中产生的碱渣类高浓度污水对现有二级污水厂造成的冲击问题,本着分水分治的原则,将此少量的高浓度污水进行预处理后再进入原有污水厂进行处理。采用生物氧化法结合高效耐盐菌种和生物强化模块等措施对高浓度污水进行预处理,工程运行结果表明,经过预处理后的高浓度污水水质达到现有污水厂的进水水质要求,保证了污水厂处理装置的稳定运行。     

煤气化装置含氰污水产生原理及优化控制

介绍煤气化装置含氰污水产生和污水预处理反应的原理,结合近年来煤气化装置和含氰污水预处理单元现场生产过程中采取的工艺优化调整措施和相关技术改造项目的实施,实现煤气化装置外排含氰污水达标排放,满足对含氰污水分级控制的要求,提升煤气化装置清洁生产水平,取得较好的环保效益。     

污水泵堵塞的解决

ＰＥＴ污水处理场装置承担ＰＥＴ污水、长短丝油剂废水及全厂生活污水的处理任务 ,污水泵在运行中出现的故障的有效解决 ,避免了污水外排造成的污染事故的发生。1　ＰＥＴ污水装置工艺及原有设备工况ＰＥＴ污水处理装置采用Ａ/Ｏ无剩余污泥接触氧化法工艺 ,1992年与ＰＥＴ装置同时建成投用。其工艺由预处理系统和生化处理系统 2部分组成 ,处理水量 4 6ｍ3 /ｈ ,污水ＣＯＤｃｒ最大为 1.3ｇ/Ｌ ,ｐＨ =6～ 9。ＰＥＴ等装置产生的污水进入预处理系统中进行充分曝气混合后 ,由污水泵输送进入生化处理系统。由于设计者未考虑上游装置生产污水及…     

污水处理场油泥无害化预处理

分析了污水处理场油泥直接外送处理方法存在的问题,介绍了油泥预处理装置的主要组成和工艺流程,给出了预处理装置的运行效果,对油泥预处理装置的运行效果及经济效益进行了详细分析。     

剩余污泥消化后预处理高浓度生产废水

将好氧装置的剩余污泥加入污泥消化池,当池内污泥变黑并探测到有可燃气体时,加入生活污水和生产废水对消化污泥进行培养驯化,培养驯化期间应逐步减小生活污水水量,增加高浓度生产废水水量.用经过驯化的消化污泥预处理生产废水,有机物的去除率＞30%,pH也由5～6被提高到7以上.将好氧装置产生的剩余污泥消化后预处理高浓度的生产废水,剩余污泥被再利用,并且也有利于降低整套污水处理装置的运行成本.     

焦化废水预处理

焦碳、煤气生产排放的污水含酚高达２￣１２ｇ／Ｌ,并含有较高浓度的焦油,氰离子,需进行预处理才能进生化处理装置。经采用萃取脱酚工艺对该污水进行预处理后,可以满足进生化处理装置水质的要求。     

储罐区的污水预处理

炼油企业生产过程中产生的污水有一部分来自储运系统的罐区,大多为储罐切水与机泵冷却水等。这部分污水部分污染物控制指标超标,未经处理排入污水处理场会造成冲击,生物处理装置运行不正常,为此有必要对储运罐区污水进行预处理。储运系统的污水预处理各企业不尽相同,这就有必要从排污水的性质、排放环境、处理方法等方面进行全面分析,确定出有效的方式,使污水排放达标。     

氨肟化废水中过氧化物的去除

氨肟化装置所产工艺废水中的过氧化物含量较高,难以进行生化处理,外排至环保装置前需对废水进行预处理,将污水中过氧化物含量降至300×10-6以下。污水预处理工序实际运行不稳定,常发生处理后的废水过氧化物超标的现象。本文通过实验,研究不同p H值条件下,污水中过氧化物含量随停留时间的变化,并探讨了相同p H值条件下,进行搅拌、曝气和加入铁碳催化剂后,污水中过氧化物含量随停留时间的变化,确定了去除废水中过氧化物的最佳工艺条件,为实际生产提供指导。     

煤气化工艺污水装置在线分析系统设计与应用

煤气化过程产生的污水成分复杂、污染程度高,对污水处理装置在线分析仪表的设计及应用提出了更高的要求。通过对污水装置中在线分析仪表的取样位置、取样预处理装置、安装方式、自动加药系统等的系统设计,论述在线分析仪表在煤气化污水装置中的应用。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.