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研究了液相增黏熔体直纺技术中,高黏聚酯熔体可纺性能。研究表明,对于降膜式液相增黏反应器,传质的速率、传热的均匀性以及熔体热历史的一致性是影响聚酯可纺性以及物性指标的重要因素。分子量的增大使得聚酯分子链难以展开和伸直,甚至不完全取向,运动黏度剧增,熔体输送困难,在经过管道时的温升、降解严重。聚酯分子的分子量分布越窄,低相对分子量组分含量越低,越有利于纺丝。在降膜式液相增黏反应器中,由于成膜表面更新速率,以及熔体沿管壁下降的速率分布不均,导致PET分子量分布变宽,端羧基含量增大。液相增黏熔体直纺过程,是PET熔体在热量和应力的作用下,结晶和取向的过程。取向使聚酯分子产生强度,而结晶则使已取向的分子更稳定,降低体系的熵值。 相似文献
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随着聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)产品用途不断拓展,下游用户对PET的抗水解性能提出更高的要求。从聚酯水解机理入手研究,通过调整催化剂添加配比,优化酯化、缩聚反应工艺,制备了不同特性黏数([η])、端羧基含量的PET切片,经熔融双向拉伸制得PET薄膜,研究了PET切片的[η]、端羧基含量、二甘醇含量对PET薄膜的抗水解性能的影响。结果表明:适当提高PET切片的[η],增大PET高分子聚合度,有助于提高PET薄膜在湿热环境下力学性能的保持;降低PET切片的端羧基含量,控制其二甘醇质量分数稳定在(1.0±0.2)%,有助于提高PET薄膜的抗水解性能。 相似文献
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端羧基和二甘醇的含量是衡量聚酯产品质量标准的2个重要指标.就国内大多数所采用的五釜聚酯生产流程,2段酯化反应决定了产品中的端羧基和二甘醇的含量.针对酯化反应过程中端羧基和二甘醇互相矛盾的控制,调整酯化反应的关键参数,使产品中的端羧基和二甘醇指标达到要求. 相似文献
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聚酯熔体直接纺微细旦POY生产可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了聚酯熔体直接纺中熔体端羧基含量、熔体含杂量及熔体特性黏度偏差对生产的影响,提出了可行的对策。结合熔体输送、纺丝温度、纺丝组件、缓冷器应用、冷却、集束及上油工艺条件,在常规熔体直接纺生产线上成功地生产出高质量微细旦POY。 相似文献
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研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯 (PTT) ,PET ,CDP在不同温度和时间下的特性粘数和端羧基含量的变化。结果表明 ,一定温度下 ,PTT熔体特性粘数随熔融时间的延长而下降 ,一定时间下 ,随温度的升高而下降。PTT端羧基含量随温度升高而增大 ,PTT的热稳定性较PET明显下降。 相似文献
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探讨聚酯熔体的粘度、端羧基和DEG等质量指标对直纺POY可纺性的影响。实践结果表明,聚酯熔体的粘度取0.675±0.003dL/g,并通过适当提高聚酯熔体的端羧基质量摩尔浓度和DEG质量分数可改善直纺POY的可纺性。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献