大型商贸建筑室内自然通风及热舒适性模拟分析

以CFD分析软件为工具,对大型商贸建筑中庭的室内自然通风效果、热环境等方面进行综合分析,提出中庭采光顶遮阳、通风及建筑立面开口的优化建议,从而优化室内通风效果,提高空气品质,并节省能源。     

耦合风压和热压的中庭建筑自然通风模拟分析

建立一个简化的中庭建筑模型,利用Airpak软件模拟单独风压作用和耦合热压风压作用两种状况下的室内自然通风效果,然后分别改变窗口位置和增加室内热源强度,根据模拟计算结果,统计建筑内各房间空气换气次数,分析这几种因素对室内自然通风的影响,研究表明热压和风压共同作用时,对迎风面房间起促进作用,对背风面房间产生抑制作用,通风开口位置和室内热源强度是影响室内气流流动的关键因素。     

数值模拟技术在建筑自然通风设计与优化中的应用

以某绿色建筑项目的自然通风设计为例,利用CFD数值模拟技术对设计建筑的室外流场和室内主要功能空间的自然通风效果进行模拟分析,为建筑自然通风的开口设计与优化提供参考依据。在绿色建筑的设计中,自然通风的设计是不可忽略的一方面,而CFD数值模拟技术是绿色建筑设计的有效技术手段。     

中庭建筑的节能设计研究

本文介绍了中庭建筑的耗能情况,通过模拟软件分析中庭建筑中不同高度、不同的剖面形式对于建筑自然通风,自然采光的影响,并总结出一些中庭建筑节能设计的应对策略。引言建筑中庭这一概念起源于天井,在天井上加盖屋顶,形成有顶盖的室内空间,就是中庭的雏形。这种共享空间为人的交往行为提供了合适的场所,更可以将绿色植物引入室内,形成园林景致;同时由于     

基于PHOENICS的广州某办公建筑室内自然通风模拟研究

针对广州某办公建筑,应用PHOENICS软件模拟分析采用不同悬开窗形式时该建筑标准层室内的自然通风效果。通过模拟结果的对比分析得出结论:采用中悬窗时室内大部分区域的空气龄低于300 s,舒适风速区域的面积比例最大,室内自然通风量最大,自然通风效果最好,为该建筑优化自然通风提供了技术支持。     

带中庭建筑内区单侧热压通风效果分析

主要研究多层带中庭建筑内区热压作用下的单侧自然通风,通过实测及模拟两种方式对测试房间进行分析,试图通过调整房间开窗面积及开窗高度合理引导热压通风,以达到室内工作区空间的最佳空调状态并同时起到节能的作用。     

中庭建筑的节能设计研究

<正>本文介绍了中庭建筑的耗能情况,通过模拟软件分析中庭建筑中不同高度、不同的剖面形式对于建筑自然通风,自然采光的影响,并总结出一些中庭建筑节能设计的应对策略。引言建筑中庭这一概念起源于天井,在天井上加盖屋顶,形成有顶盖的室内空间,就是中庭的雏形。这种共享空间为人的交往行为提供了合适的场所,更可以将绿色植物引入室内,形成园林景致;同时由于     

基于CFD的夏季高校宿舍楼室内自然通风设计策略研究——以济南某高校宿舍楼为例

室内自然通风设计是防止呼吸道疾病传播、改善室内空气品质、提高室内舒适度的重要手段。为解决高校宿舍楼夏季室内自然通风不良、空气温度高、空气品质低的问题,以夏季济南某高校宿舍楼为研究对象,以CFD(计算流体力学)技术为基础,采用PHOENICS软件数值模拟方法对宿舍室内风速与空气龄分布进行模拟,分析得出室内自然通风效果较差。从建筑平面与剖面通风的优化设计、通风构件改造、室内相对湿度调节三方面提出了优化阳台正负压区、优化内走廊南北对流、加设垂直拔风井、改善窗户开启方式与加设窗户导风板等设计策略。探讨了宿舍室内自然通风设计方法,为学生创造良好的生活与学习环境,为改善高校宿舍楼室内风环境提供一定的理论依据与技术支撑。     

会议中心中庭分层空调的节能改进策略 ——以景观与主被动式节能设计相结合并模拟验证

文章从跨专业视角基于复合设计原理探讨了会议中心中庭设计对建筑和暖通空调能耗的影响。采用CFD软件模拟了主、被动式节能设计的效果,结果表明建筑与暖通空调复合设计可以实现两个主要功能：建筑室内景观与暖通空调设计的有机结合、分层供冷与上部空间自然通风的有效结合。通过实例分析表明,采用复合设计方法,在实现中庭建筑节能的同时保持了夏季室内的舒适度。     

基于浮力效应的建筑顶部开口设计研究

风压和热压为建筑自然通风的两种基本形式,建筑自然通风往往是两种形式的综合作用。其中热压通风依托浮力效应原理,借助建筑顶部开口可以改善自然通风。论文从建筑环境对自然通风需求的提升、现代建筑对垂直通风的关注、设计科学与技术策略的丰富、零碳建筑的重要被动策略等方面梳理了其发展变迁的规律,探讨了建筑顶部开口改善自然通风作为设计策略的设计科学方法。     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。