北京农村住宅不同供暖系统案例分析

随着经济的发展,农村供暖方式发生了变化,调查发现北京农村目前有独立热源加热散热器、火炕、分体式空调三种定型的供暖方式,针对上述三种典型供暖系统形式分别选取了一户住宅进行实地调查和案例分析。结果表明,使用火炕和土暖气供暖的住宅室内热湿环境稳定,温湿度波动较小;使用空调采暖的住宅客厅温湿度波动较大。但是使用空调供暖住宅的室内平均温度大于其他两种供暖方式。同时,实测结果显示农村地区住宅冬季室内热湿环境低于AHSARE标准的热舒适区间,但居民的主观热感觉投票全部为舒适,表明农村居民可接受的舒适温度较低。     

组合型末端采暖装置的热舒适性实验研究

通过对城市供热系统中3种不同末端采暖装置(散热器、供暖型风机盘管、散热器与供暖型风机盘管相结合的组合型末端采暖装置)的室内热舒适性指标(PMV、PPD)进行测试分析,提出推动行为节能切实可行的办法,为技术节能和行为节能各占一半指标的实现提供了一种解决途径。     

炕、散热器、火墙供暖房间热环境数值模拟研究

用数值模拟的方法对比吊炕、火墙、散热器供暖房间和传统落地炕、火墙、散热器供暖房间的热环境分布.模拟了采暖房间Y=2 m平面的温度分布云图,计算出两种房间的热舒适PMV指标和PPD.通过分析得出,吊炕、火墙、散热器供暖房间的热环境比较舒适,长期使用吊炕节能效果明显.     

地道风采暖系统在北方农房中的应用

结合工程实例,对地道风采暖系统进行供热效果的分析,通过对供暖季室内温度的实时监测,得出地道风采暖系统可以有效地去除冬季室内的冷负荷,使得房间温度在供暖季最冷日保持在17. 4℃～18℃,满足农房室内采暖热舒适性的要求,解决北方地区农房的供暖问题。同时,经土壤预热后的新风在新风机组中与室内排风进行热交换,大大降低建筑的供暖需求,达到建筑节能的目的。该结果有助于地道风采暖系统在北方农房采暖中的应用推广。     

基于K-means聚类的热计量用户负荷特性及行为节能分析

采暖建筑进行热计量改造后,用户可以根据热需求进行室内温度控制和调节,由于用户设定室内温度不同,从而形成不同的热负荷特性。根据热计量用户用热负荷作为分析依据,通过采集热用户室内温度、设定温度、耗热量、开启及断开时间等数据,采用K-means算法对数据进行聚类,以此获取热计量用户负荷特性。利用聚类结果及居住位置对热用户的行为节能进行分析,得出不同居住位置用户室温、设定温度以及热负荷规律,为用户按需用热、热力公司按需供热提供参考,为合理地开展采暖建筑节能起到促进作用。     

炕-地组合供暖末端室内热环境及其热均匀性评价实验研究

为满足西北村镇居民冬季室内分时分区热需求,提出了一种炕-地组合供暖末端形式,对组合末端4种运行模式下的室内热环境营造效果进行了对比实验研究.掌握了组合末端不同运行模式下室内热环境昼夜变化特征,对比分析了温度空间不均匀性和辐射不均匀性.结果 表明:组合末端单独运行时均无法同时满足昼夜室内舒适温度要求,且温度空间均匀性和辐...     

住宅供暖分户控制室内热环境分析

以西安地区某分户热计量散热器供暖的居住建筑为研究对象,对3层相邻房间在五种工况下的室内流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,对室内供暖状况和热环境作了分析.     

农宅火炕采暖环境热舒适温度与影响因素分析

为研究严寒地区火炕采暖不均匀环境的热舒适温度及其影响因素,对火炕农宅冬季的室内热环境进行了现场测试,建立了热舒适评价模型,并对热环境评价方法进行了分析.同时,利用CFD仿真模拟的方法对室内热舒适性的影响因素进行了分析.测试结果表明,火炕农宅冬季的室内热舒适温度为17.7 ℃,90％可接受的操作温度的范围为14.7～ 20.8℃.模拟结果表明,在保证基本供暖室温的前提下,较低的火炕表面温度、较高的辅助热源温度以及保温性能较好的围护结构,有助于减小室内温度不均匀性,增加居民热舒适感.火炕营造的微气候环境可以满足农宅居民的热舒适要求.     

流温法热分配系统流量比例变化的研究

分户热计量是目前供暖改革的趋势.流温系数热分配法是一种新型的热计量方法,详细论述了该方法的理论依据,建立了系统流量比例变化的关系,结果显示在用户数量、立管数量以及散热器数量满足一定的关系时,用户调节室内温度对系统流量的影响很小,仍可视为定流量系统.     

冬季室内供暖不宜高于22℃

关于冬季供暖温度,各种报道的说法不一。有报道称,供暖条件下实验台舒适温度范围为17．0℃-19．2℃。在ISO标准散热器工作性能试验台上,对我国目前常用的三种典型散热器供暖条件下,室内热环境及人体热舒适进行了试验研究,得出了实感温度之间的关系,并利用模糊数学理论对热舒适试验结果作了模糊分析。     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

2005年北京办公物业市场七大趋势

趋势一:CBD区域写字楼集中放量从各区域规划方案上看,CBD区域多数项目在03～04年处于项目的报批手续及拆阶段,预计2005年正式推向市场,因此2005年CBD区域将成为北京市场供应集中的域,区域即将供应的项目有北京财富中心(二期)、金地国际花园、万达广场、SOHO尚都、万通中心、世纪财富中心、怡禾国际中心、光华国际等。除去未知项目,2005CBD写字楼办公面积的供应量为60万平方米左右。中关村区域经过一段时间的集中供后开始逐步放缓,2005年供应的体量相对较大的项目有中关村金融中心、新中关。金街区域可能开盘的项目只有2个:英蓝国际中…     

浅谈我国工程项目建设成本控制存在的问题

结合目前我国施工企业工程项目成本管理现状,对工程项目成本管理过程中存在的问题进行了较详细的分析,并提出了一些解决问题的办法,以做好项目成本控制工作,进而增强企业经济实力。     

Variation in property taxation in Tulsa

Conclusions It may be reasonably concluded from this study that the range of variation in these ratios of assessed to actual value are of a reasonable size for the great majority of cases. The frequency distribution of these sample ratios was not normal, however, as was assumed a process of this type would produce. On the other hand, the failure of the regression analysis to identify any significant variables which would explain these variations would tend to re-enforce the assumption that the fluctuations were indeed of a random nature.To sum it up in one paragraph, aside from a few extreme cases, the assessing process appears to give estimates which are more consistent than would be expected under the assumption that any errors would be of a random nature, but the regression analysis was unable to isolate any particular socioeconomic characteristics which would explain the variation which was present.Financial support for this research project was furnished by the University of Tulsa.