市政污泥与生活垃圾协同焚烧处理探讨

对多种市政污泥焚烧工艺进行比较,认为市政污泥与生活垃圾协同焚烧处理是一种安全、稳定、环保的污泥处理方案,适应我国现阶段的环保形势。通过分析污泥干基热值与干化程度之间的关系,阐述了其对干化工艺和干污泥输送方式的影响。结合国内协同焚烧的工程实例,总结了不同干化系统的特点和适用性。     

污泥-生活垃圾混合填埋体抗剪强度特性研究

污泥送入生活垃圾填埋场进行混合填埋是国内外常用的处置途径之一。混合填埋体强度参数对填埋场稳定性有重要影响,为此在实验室开展了不同击实功、不同污泥添加量以及不同生化降解时间条件下污泥-生活垃圾混合试样的强度试验,对其强度特性进行研究。结果表明：① 随着击实功的增加,混合试样的抗剪强度整体上逐渐增大,当其密度超过1 050 kg/m3时,混合试样的内摩擦角和凝聚力增加不明显甚至有减小现象,其抗剪强度增加幅度很小甚至减小。② 随着污泥添加量的增加,混合试样的内摩擦角逐渐减小,凝聚力逐渐增加,但是当污泥添加量超过40%时,其凝聚力反而减小。③ 随着生化降解的进行,混合试样抗剪强度整体趋势在增加,凝聚力和内摩擦角的整体趋势也在增加。     

城市污水污泥处理处置系统的技术经济分析与评价(下)

3 污泥焚烧系统的分析与评价 焚烧法是一种高温热处理技术,即以一定的过剩空气量与被处理的污泥在焚烧炉内燃烧进行氧化反应,污泥中的有机质和有毒有害物质在高温下氧化、热解而被破坏,是可同时实现污泥无害化、减量化、资源化的一种技术.在欧盟污泥焚烧比例在不断上升,并逐渐成为最主要的污泥处置手段之一[4].污泥焚烧分为污泥单独焚烧和混合焚烧,其中混合焚烧是指在水泥厂、垃圾焚烧厂、热电厂或工业锅炉与其他物料混合进行焚烧.     

城镇污泥水泥窑协同处置现状与政策需求分析

我国城镇污水处理厂污泥具有产量大、处置率低、泥质复杂等特点,将城镇污泥经水泥窑协同焚烧处置不失为解决城镇污泥问题的有效手段。首先分析了我国城镇污泥处理处置面临的问题,并对我国当前城镇污泥水泥窑协同处置现状及行业发展特征进行了全方位介绍,然后对污泥水泥窑协同处置存在的问题进行剖析,进而提出了我国污泥水泥窑协同处置政策需求,以期进一步推动我国城镇污泥水泥窑协同处置的健康快速发展。     

黑龙江省鸡西市垃圾填埋场污泥拦污坝稳定分析

根据笔者实际工程设计经验,针对工程垃圾坝稳定进行分析,与同行探讨。     

火力发电厂大比例掺烧褐煤方案分析

华电哈尔滨热电有限责任公司为了扩大煤源、降低煤价,开始按一定比例掺烧内蒙古宝日希勒褐煤以调整煤种结构,取得了一定的经济效益。对掺烧褐煤后锅炉的运行参数进行了分析、统计,希望能为褐煤掺烧提供参考。     

污泥石灰干化技术现状及处理处置过程应注意的问题

阐述了石灰干化技术的背景与基本原理,通过对国内示范项目运行情况的研究分析.从处理方面分析了应注意的减量化、原料、烟气等问题;从处置方面分析了在填埋、筑路稳定土、水泥窑协同焚烧等出路中应注意的问题。通过处理与处置全过程成本经济分析,得出了该技术参考运行成本。最后结合行业技术指南给出了该技术的适用范围。     

剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾协同厌氧消化处理研究

评估了不同剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾配比条件下的协同厌氧消化性能,如产水解、产酸、甲烷情况、厌氧消化系统稳定性以及消化沼液的脱水性能。确定了协同厌氧消化系统中剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾的最佳混合比例。研究结果表明,从产甲烷量的角度,剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾的最佳物料配比为1∶0.5,其中单位沼气产量为991.7 mL/gVS,甲烷产量为527.6 mL/gVS;从协同效益的角度,剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾的最佳物料配比为1∶1,其协同效益高达315.3%。协同厌氧消化组消化过程中的VFA浓度都在正常范围内。污泥和餐厨垃圾协同厌氧消化后的毛细吸水时间与污泥单独消化组相比变化不大,表明餐厨垃圾添加不会对共消化组消化沼液的脱水性能造成显著性的负面影响。     

锦屏二级水电站施工区生活垃圾无害化处置初探

根据锦屏二级水电站施工区环境保护规划要求,分析了锦屏二级水电站施工区生活垃圾的特性,并同时结合城市生活垃圾无害化处置的三种方法,从水电站施工期实际垃圾产生量相对较小的特点分析,提出垃圾外运法,将生活垃圾送至有处置能力的处置场处置等四种生活垃圾处置方法。通过对四种处置方法的技术经济环境保护等综合分析后,提出了采用外送加简易卫生填埋法处置整个施工区生活垃圾的设想。     

石家庄市桥西污水处理厂二期工程污泥后处置方案探讨

1.建设污泥处理处置工程的必要性 石家庄市桥西污水处理厂一、二期工程每天共产生脱水污泥300m~3,污泥目前处理方式为外运填埋。建设部于2007年颁布实施了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋泥质》（CJ/T248-2007）,规范中规定污泥进入生活垃圾填埋场与生活垃圾进行共同处置时,要求其污泥含水率不大于60%,     

Membrane-coupled anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge.

Membrane-coupled anaerobic digestion utilizes a concept of simultaneous sludge digestion and thickening. Membranes may successfully be applied to eliminate the need for thickening polymers and avoid their likely inhibitory effect on anaerobic biomass. A 550 L completely mixed anaerobic digester was operated under mesophilic conditions (35 degrees C). Two ultrafiltration membrane systems were evaluated for their potential in membrane-coupled anaerobic digestion: vibrating and cross flow. A volatile solids reduction of 590% was achieved at an average mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 1.8%. The substrate utilization rate was 1.3 d(-1). The vibrating membrane operated at a flux of 1.6-2.0 m3/m2-d and the tubular membrane fluxes in the range 3.4-3.6 m3/m2-d.     

国内外城市污水处理厂污泥标准对比研究与建议

我国城市污水处理厂污泥的处理处置问题已经迫在眉睫,而污泥各类标准是污泥处理处置和管理的重要依据和准绳。为了解我国污泥标准的发展现状和方向,概述了我国现有的污泥标准,以及美国、欧盟、德国和英国的污泥标准体系,并从控制项目及其限值的制定、标准的实施与管理、标准体系完善性等方面对国内外标准进行了比较和分析。通过对比分析,指出我国污泥标准制修订中存在的问题,并据此提出改善建议。     

城市固体废弃物持水特性的室内试验

为了对城市固体废弃物的持水特性进行分析,采用非饱和固结仪对6组人工配制的城市固体废弃物试样进行了土水特征曲线测定的室内试验,同时还采用滤纸法量测试样的土水特征曲线,并对试样孔隙大小分布指标λ进行了分析。试验结果表明:试样的进气值很低,为1kPa左右,荷载作用使进气值升高;λ值随着试样初始孔隙比的增加而减小,随着试样有机物质量分数的增加而增加;使用滤纸法测城市固体废弃物的土水特征曲线时,高吸力阶段的值更加合理,更有参考性。     

垃圾土地基灌浆处理试验

通过现场灌浆试验,钻取灌浆处理后的水泥垃圾土样进行水泥质量分数的分析试验,得到一次灌浆能使水泥浆在垃圾土地基中较均匀分布,水泥质量分数达到约10%,二次灌浆能增加水泥质量分数约25%的结果。经过室内水泥垃圾土样28 d养护强度试验,发现即使水泥掺入量达到25%、养护60 d,得到的应力应变曲线仍呈硬化型,水泥垃圾土仍是松散体,没有形成固结体。灌浆前后垃圾土地基的静载荷试验表明,灌浆能明显改善垃圾土地基的承载特性,提高地基的承载力,但由于垃圾填埋场现场养护条件限制,二次灌浆后垃圾土地基的破坏表现为脆性特征。     

垃圾土边坡失稳离心模拟试验研究

垃圾围城现象在中国十分明显,其潜在的危害是在极端气候和环境条件下,由于强降雨和渗滤液回灌引起有效应力降低,从而导致填埋体发生滑坡,甚至演化为流滑现象。本文根据中国城市垃圾土的特点,配置了垃圾土试样并制作模型,采用大型土工离心机针对不同龄期的垃圾土边坡在多种工况组合条件下进行了模型试验。为了使模型边坡在高加速度场下达到破坏,开发了变角度模型箱。在离心机转动过程中,通过调整模型箱的角度来增加边坡的坡度,直至垃圾土边坡模型达到破坏。试验过程中同时监测模型变形,通过数据分析,发现了垃圾土边坡变形及失稳的一般性规律。本文同时给出一种离心模拟试验中模型边坡安全储备的估算方法。     

Behaviour of endocrine disrupting chemicals during the treatment of municipal sewage sludge.

Agricultural application of municipal sewage sludge has been emotionally discussed in the last decades, because the latter contains endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other organic micropollutants with unknown fate and risk potential. Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model substance to investigate the influence of sludge conditioning on the end-concentration of EDCs in sludge. Adsorption studies with radioactive-labelled BPA showed that more than 75% BPA in anaerobically digested sludge is bound to solids (log Kd = 2.09-2.30; log Koc = 2.72-3.11). Sludge conditioning with polymer or iron (III) chloride alone had no influence on the adsorption of BPA. After conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide desorption of BPA took place. Apparently, it occurred due to the deprotonation of BPA (pKa= 10.3) as the pH-value reached 12.4 during the process. The same behaviour is expected for other phenolic EDCs with similar pKa (nonylphenol, 17beta-estradiol, estron, estriol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol). This study shows high affinity of BPA to the anaerobically digested sludge and importance of conditioning in the elimination of EDCs during the sludge treatment. Addition of polymer is favourable in the case of sludge incineration. Conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide shows advantages for the use of sludge as fertiliser.     

Partial stream digestion of residual municipal solid waste.

Anaerobic digestion of residual municipal solid waste (MSW) has become more important than the digestion of source separated biowaste. More than 52% of the capacity available in Europe was designed for digestion of residual municipal waste by the end of 2006, while this was only 13% in 1998. Partial digestion of residual waste organics, by which only a part of the organics is digested, has been implemented to reduce the need for dewatering and subsequent wastewater treatment. The digestate coming from part of the organics is immediately mixed with the non-digested organic fraction. This organic fraction is drier and still contains a lot of energy which can be used to dry the digestate during the aerobic composting of the mixture of digested and undigested organics. Such a MBT-plant has been operating for over a year whereby 2/3 of the organics (including sludge cake) are digested (25,000 t/year) and mixed after digestion with the remaining 1/3 of the organics. Biogas production averages 125.7 Nm2 per ton fed and contained 56.2% of methane. The mixture of digestate and non-digested organics is aerated in tunnels during 4 to 6 weeks. The stabilized end product is landfilled, meeting the stringent German standards for inert landfills. By using a dry fermentation able to produce a digestate at 35% solids, there is no need for dewatering the digestate so that no wastewater is produced.     

Enhanced solubilisation of the residual fraction of municipal solid waste.

The Swedish ordinance banning the landfilling of organic material after 2005 has led to rapid developments towards waste incineration, while biological alternatives have been less studied. In this study, biological alternatives for enhanced methane production from residual municipal waste (the remaining waste fraction after source separation) are investigated. The strategies investigated were recirculation of leachate, recirculation of leachate with aeration, flooding of the solid bed, and enzyme addition after initial leaching in an anaerobic, batch, two-stage digestion process with recirculation of digested leachate. The degree of solubilisation of organic compounds achieved was higher for initial digestion in a two-stage anaerobic digestion system followed by the addition of cellulolytic enzymes than in the other strategies investigated. The overall net solubilisation achieved was 0.48 g COD/g VSadded corresponding to an increase of 34%. In addition, the digestion time was considerably reduced using this strategy. For the other strategies investigated the solubilisation yields obtained were similar, 0.31 g COD/g VSadded.     

城市垃圾填埋场选址地质影响因素分析

生活垃圾卫生填埋场的选址涉及多方面因素，该文结合我国的标准提出了垃圾填埋场选址中应该注意的地质问题，主要包括第四纪地层、基岩和地质构造对选址的影响，并说明了城市垃圾场地质勘察的工作程序、方法。     

污泥制取脱氮除磷材料的配比试验研究

以微波处理后城市污水厂污泥、天然沸石和水泥为原材料,不进行任何改性,探讨原材料的最佳配比,研制一种既具有脱氮除磷功能,又具备抗压强度,并可在水体中保持一定形态的低能耗环保合成材料.结果表明,水泥∶天然沸石∶污泥的质量比为1∶2∶0.05,水灰比为0.4,发泡剂∶水的体积比为1∶60时,合成材料的耐水性能良好,7d的抗压强度为5.8 MPa,满足用于净化水景、河道底部及驳岸生态混凝土的强度要求,对氮、磷去除效果良好,平衡吸附量分别为50、83.5 mg/kg,符合准二级动力学模型.