接种污泥对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的影响

为研究接种污泥对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的影响,将以城市污水处理厂的活性污泥和以啤酒废水处理厂的活性污泥为接种污泥培养的成熟好氧颗粒污泥封存后重新启动运行,探讨其理化性能、降解性能的恢复以及种群结构的变化情况.结果表明:接种污泥对好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性具有一定的影响,沉降性能好、生物活性强的啤酒废水处理厂的接种污泥形成的颗粒污泥形态恢复快,约需35 d,沉降性能恢复为贮存前的93%,具有较好的稳定性;对COD、NH3-N的降解效果与用城市污水厂的污泥接种形成的好氧颗粒污泥相近,但其时TP有更好的去除效果,COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率分剐选95.10%、91.80%、94.00%.变性梯度凝胶电泳法(DGGE)分析表明:啤酒废水厂污泥接种形成的颗粒污泥的群落结构多样性十分丰富,优势种属迭20个操作分离单元(OTUs 而城市污水厂污泥接种形成的颗粒污泥中优势种属只有11个OTUs.     

无机废水中好氧颗粒污泥脱氮及钇吸附性能研究

以好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）处理无机高氨氮废水脱氮性能及对钇离子（Y（Ⅲ））吸附效果为研究对象，探索了“好氧+缺氧”模式下自养硝化颗粒污泥（ANGS）的脱氮性能及“好氧+缺氧+好氧”模式下AGS的脱氮性能及短期钇离子冲击下系统稳定性，利用热力学、动力学模型等研究了AGS对Y （Ⅲ）的吸附能力和机理。结果表明，“好氧+缺氧”模式导致混合液悬浮物固体浓度（MLSS）及平均粒径持续减小，通过降低进水氮负荷并补充ANGS使氨氮去除率逐渐增大（3.25%～73.51%）；采用“好氧+缺氧+好氧”运行模式并补充AGS后，氨氮去除率超过72.00%(50～72天)，MLSS及平均粒径增大，总无机氮（TIN）含量基本保持不变。72天后投入碳源，氨氮去除率减小至40%以下、TIN去除率增大至30%左右。第78天起Y（Ⅲ）浓度在0.01～0.82 mg/L之间，去除率基本稳定在88%以上；通过改变曝气方式和外投碳源后，AGS内Nitrosomonas丰度明显下降（47.43%～11.08%），而Thauera、 unclassified＿Chitinophagaceae、 unclassified＿Comam...     

基于好氧颗粒污泥的膜生物反应器处理离子型稀土冶炼废水

稀土冶炼有机废水是一种危害性大、水质复杂的高浓度酸性废水,主要污染物包括有机物、氨氮、悬浮物、无机盐、重金属等。因此研究如何有效处理稀土冶炼有机废水对水体、土壤的保护具有重大意义。本研究搭建了序批式膜生物反应器(SBR-MBR),并结合好氧颗粒污泥(Aerobic Granular Sludge,AGS)组成好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(AGS-MBR)。在此基础上,研究了不同碳氮比(有机物中碳与氮的总含量的比值C/N)对AGS-MBR处理工艺的影响。结果表明,在C/N=10时,好氧颗粒污泥稳定性最好,对COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN和TP的脱除率稳定后可达99.0%、96.7%、79.3%、91.1%;进水C/N的降低对AGS-MBR去除COD的影响较小,对出水N的形态和TP影响较大,并且当C/N≤7时,部分好氧颗粒污泥发生解体,出水TN和TP浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB 18918—2002(2006)一级A排放标准要求,为进一步探讨研究更低C/N的稀土冶炼有机废水的处理工艺提供理论依据。     

关于污泥好氧处理的几个问题

介绍污泥好氧处理的方法及其动力学关系问题 ,分析讨论温度 ,污泥龄和 p H对污泥好氧处理的影响 .     

SBR中混合接种不同储存方式的好氧颗粒污泥的恢复

考察了混合接种不同储存时间及储存方式的好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)的恢复效果。储存后的AGS表现出不同的形态特征:常温湿式储存两年的AGS形态松散, 出现了明显的解体现象;常温湿式储存一年的AGS未出现明显的解体现象, 但颜色明显变黑;琼脂包埋干式储存五个月的硝化颗粒污泥颜色、形态及沉降性能变化不大。重新曝气后, 污泥的MLSS(4.85~10.51 g/L)与MLVSS/MLSS(0.6~0.75)、EPS(15.05~38.36 mg/g MLSS)、平均粒径(0.61~1.12 mm)及颗粒化率(80.92%~97.60%)迅速增大, COD及氨氮去除率也分别在19天与15天上升至90%以上。恢复过程中, 颗粒污泥经历了先破裂后重新颗粒化的过程。根据恢复过程中颗粒污泥的理化特性可知, 混合污泥在21天内成功实现了稳定性及效果恢复。研究结果表明混合部分储存后的硝化颗粒污泥有效提高了硝化细菌的富集速度, 为应用时AGS中硝化细菌的快速富集提供了一种新思路。      

关于污泥好氧处理的几个问题

介绍污泥好氧处理的方法及其动力学关系问题，分析讨论温度、污泥龄和ＰＨ对污泥好氧处理的影响。     

不同pH下好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性

为考察好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）对不同pH环境下的耐受力,研究了不同pH废水（pH分别为3、4、5、10、11、12）下AGS的稳定性变化规律.在酸性环境中,AGS的理化特性随pH下降而变差（胞外聚合物（EPS）含量由102.5 mg/g下降到76.43 mg/g MLSS,比耗氧速率（SOUR）由17.94 mg O₂/（g MLSS·h））下降到16.19 mg O₂/（g MLSS·h））,pH为3和4时均出现不同程度的污泥上浮,对污染物的去除效果也呈下降趋势,但COD和TP的去除率维持在80 %以上.在碱性环境中,AGS出现了明显的上浮及解体.随着pH的增大,AGS的理化特性不断恶化（EPS由93.27 mg/g MLSS上升到178.45 mg/g MLSS,SOUR由6.81 mg O₂/（g MLSS·h））下降到4.30 mg O₂/（g MLSS·h））.同时,AGS对污染物的去除能力急剧下降,对COD、TN、TP的去除率均下降到50 %以下.研究结果表明AGS在酸性环境中有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,而碱性环境对AGS有较大的抑制作用.      

含氮废水的脱氮处理研究

研究了地表水处理中的好氧反硝化,通过在不同水力负荷下的实验,验证了生物滤池内发生的好氧反硝化机理。     

常温条件下颗粒污泥处理含铅废水

对未经驯化的颗粒污泥处理含铅废水进行了初步实验研究,结果表明,颗粒污泥对含铅废水具有较高的去除能力,铅去除率在95%以上,颗粒污泥的加入量、废水酸度、沉降时间是影响处理效果的主要因素,通过对20mg/L的含铅试水进行处理,铅达到了排放标准。     

好氧活性污泥处理含氰废水的试验研究

基于含氰废水在不同条件下的好氧活性污泥降解试验,针对好氧微生物降解CN-的适宜条件进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,当pH值、温度、葡萄糖投加量、牛肉膏投加量、好氧活性污泥投加量等试验条件发生变化时,活性污泥中好氧微生物对氰化物的降解效果也相应产生变化。同时,也考察了环境改变对好氧微生物降解氰化物的影响,提高了氰化物的降解效果。     

Real-time control of aerobic/anoxic digestion for waste activated sludge

Experiments were conducted to study the performance characters of aerobic/anoxic(A/A)digestion of sludge at 30±1℃,while the sludge retention time(SRT)was kept 16 d.The variations of oxidation reduction potential(Eh)and pH were continuously monitored during the A/A digestion and the conversions of ammonium and nitrate were investigated.Important features on both Eh and pH profiles were identified to develop process control strategy.Since the feature point on Eh profile where d2 Eh/dt2=0 is very stable during anoxic cycle,it cart be used to determine the end of denitrification.The end of nitrification can be identified according to dpH/dt=0.A real-time control strategy of A/A digestion of sludge was developed and tested with pH and Eh as control parameters.It is shown that the performance of the real-time control strategy is better than that of a fixed-time control strategy.While the real-time controlled A/A digestion system call achieve a similar volatile suspended solids(VSS)destruction efficiency of 35.2% as a continuously aerated system,it improves the superuatant quality in a shorter aeration time(7.75 d for a 20 d period).     

Biotransformation and biodegradation of N-substituted aromatics in methanogenic granular sludge

N-Substituted aromatic compounds are environmental contaminants associated with the production and use of dyes, explosives, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the potential of anaerobic granular sludge from anaerobic treatment systems towards the detoxification, transformation, and mineralization of nitroaromatic and azo compounds. Nitroaromatics and azo dyes with strong electron withdrawing are highly inhibitory to acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria. However, nitro and azo substituted aromatics are readily reductively detoxified in methanogenic consortia to their respective aromatic amines, which are several orders of magnitude less toxic. This reductive detoxification has allowed the successful operation of anaerobic reactors for the treatment of highly toxic aromatic compounds. In the course of the experiments it was discovered that some aromatic amines were mineralized. These results indicate that some N-substituted aromatic compounds can be completely mineralized and serve as a carbon and energy source for anaerobic bacteria.     

Activation of protein kinase C triggers its ubiquitination and degradation

Treatment of cells with tumor-promoting phorbol esters results in the activation but then depletion of phorbol ester-responsive protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been implicated in regulating the levels of many cellular proteins, including those involved in cell cycle control. We report here that in 3Y1 rat fibroblasts, proteasome inhibitors prevent the depletion of PKC isoforms alpha, delta, and epsilon in response to the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Proteasome inhibitors also blocked the tumor-promoting effects of TPA on 3Y1 cells overexpressing c-Src, which results from the depletion of PKC delta. Consistent with the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the degradation of PKC isoforms, ubiquitinated PKC alpha, delta, and epsilon were detected within 30 min of TPA treatment. Diacylglycerol, the physiological activator of PKC, also stimulated ubiquitination and degradation of PKC, suggesting that ubiquitination is a physiological response to PKC activation. Compounds that inhibit activation of PKC prevented both TPA- and diacylglycerol-induced PKC depletion and ubiquitination. Moreover, a kinase-dead ATP-binding mutant of PKC alpha could not be depleted by TPA treatment. These data are consistent with a suicide model whereby activation of PKC triggers its own degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.     

含氰废水光化学降解的试验研究

对含氰废水进行了不同自然光照条件下的降解模拟试验研究。试验结果表明,光照越强,氰化物降解越快;温度、pH值、搅拌速度对自然光降解氰化物影响较大,温度越高pH值越小、搅拌速度越高．氰化物降解越快,去除率越高。同时,还对比试验了紫外光照条件下的氰化物降解,结果表明,紫外光对氰化物的降解速度远高于自然光。用溶胶凝胶法制备的TiO2为微细粉末状晶体,在光氧化舍氰废水中催化效果较好。在最佳试验条件下,降解质量浓度为14．81mg／L的含氰废水需150min即可达到排放标准。对降解反应的动力学进行了分析,结果表明,光化学降解氰化物为一级反应。