旋流干燥器流场模拟研究

旋流干燥器(SMTD)作为一种新型的干燥装置,其结构简单、干燥效率高、处理量大,成为气固二相流干燥研究的新方向.文中用流体力学软件Fluent对旋流干燥器内部的流场进行了数值模拟研究,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)模拟气相流动,模拟结果表明:旋流干燥器各干燥事内气流主要做旋转运动,穿过旋流板时,主要做返混运动;切向速度分布...     

催化裂化沉降器新型高效旋流快分器内气固两相流动

用CFX软件对催化裂化沉降器新型旋流快分器的气相流场进行了三维模拟,湍流模型采用雷诺应力输运方程模型.计算结果与用五孔探针测试的气相流场实验结果吻合很好.采用离散轨道模型对该旋流快分器内颗粒的运动情况进行了计算,并由此估算了旋流快分器的分级效率和总分离效率.模拟结果表明：该新型旋流头可消除现有旋流头喷出口附近的短路流,更有利于提高旋流快分器的效率.两种结构形式的旋流快分器分离效率的计算对比说明：在旋流头处加入一个内构件,是很有价值的改进.     

气-液旋流分离器流场数值模拟研究

为研究旋流分离器内部气体和液滴的运动情况和分离机理,用流体动力学软件Fluent对旋流分离器内部流场和液滴的运动状况进行了数值模拟研究,在模拟过程中,采用k-epsilon(2 eqn)方程来模拟气相旋流流动,采用Lagrange方法模拟液滴运动。模拟结果表明,旋流分离器内部流场呈旋转分布,分为内、外两个流场,在不同流动区域,气体压力场、速度场分布成规则变化;液滴的运动较为复杂,带有随机性;总体运动轨迹的形状与气相流场的分布趋于一致。     

催化裂化沉降器旋流快分系统内气相流场的数值模拟与分析

为进一步提高催化裂化沉降器旋流快分系统的分离效率,首先对系统内气相流场进行了研究和分析.采用CFX5软件和应力输运方程模型（DSM）对其气相流场进行了三维数值模拟.将计算结果与用五孔探针测试的流场实验结果对比发现,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了应力输运方程模型适合用于旋流快分系统内三维流场的数值模拟.模拟结果表明：旋流快分系统内的流场为三维湍流场,在旋流头喷出口附近区域存在多个纵向旋涡,存在短路流现象,这是导致分离效率不易提高的主要原因.旋流快分头的S值和倾斜角对气流切向速度都有一定的影响,应优化确定.加入汽提气后,对旋流快分系统内的流场影响不大,但对气体的快速引出有利.     

旋流干燥器内的流场和分散相颗粒受力分析

介绍了旋流干燥器的基本结构和工作原理,分析了旋流干燥器内的连续相流场的速度分布情况和分散相颗粒的受力情况。该研究结果对旋流干燥器传热机理的研究具有指导意义。     

分解炉内气相湍流流动的数值模拟分析

针对高原地区某分解炉的实际尺寸，采用Realizable（带旋流修正的）κ-ε双方程模型对分解炉内气相湍流流场进行数值模拟，分析了该分解炉内速度及湍动能分布特征，验证了该分解炉的设计合理性，为进一步研究分解炉优化设计提供了参考。     

新型旋风分离器气相流场测试实验研究

针对高温高压的特殊情况提出了一种新型的旋风分离器,并用三维动态粒子分析仪PDA对不同结构参数和操作条件下的气相流场进行了测试,得出该旋风分离器内气相流场的整体特性———流场的切向速度分布在分离空间具有明显的对称性,任一截面上的分布分成内外2层旋流,外旋流是准自由涡,内旋流是准强制涡;同时分析了入口角度、排气管直径、高径比和入口气速等因素对其切向速度的影响规律,在此基础上依据实验数据关联出了计算内旋流直径和速度分布指数的公式。     

脱硫用旋流反应器流场模拟及优化研究

作为新型高效反应设备的新型旋流反应器,集混合、吸收反应、分离于一体,在三维旋流作用下可有效提高传动、传质、传热速率,又利用高速旋流的强离心分离作用将气液两相高效分离,设备简单,可有效缩短工艺流程,应用于炼厂气醇胺法脱硫工艺,具备较强的优越性。研究基于数值模拟的方法,对脱硫用旋流反应器流场分布规律以及操作条件对气相流场特性的作用规律进行了仿真模拟分析。     

新型柱状气液旋流器内部流场的CFD模拟

利用CFD方法,采用流体力学FLUEN分析软件对柱状气液分离器(CGLC)内部流场进行了研究和分析。通过模拟分析,进行了结构改进,得到新型带稳流器的柱状旋流分离器合理结构模型。通过对气体的体积分数分布的对比分析,可以方便快捷地预测CFD模型的分离性能。     

淘析器内三维湍流场的数值模拟

为进一步提高聚乙烯粒料包装系统淘析器的分离效率,对系统内气相流场进行了研究和分析.采用FLUENT软件和标准K-ε模型对其气相流场进行了三维数值模拟.将计算结果与用热线热膜风速仪测试的流场实验结果对比发现计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,证明了标准K-ε模型适用于淘析器内三维流场的数值模拟.模拟结果表明:该淘析器消除了出口附近存在的短路流现象,解决了粒料溢出的问题;格栅的加入使流场更加对称,有利于细粉尘的分离.     

脱硫烟气干燥粉煤灰的闪蒸干燥器结构确定

简介了关注燃煤热电厂湿排粉煤灰的意义。以脱硫烟气作为加热介质,选择旋转闪蒸干燥器干燥粉煤灰,对旋转闪蒸干燥器进行了工艺设计和结构设计。所设计的旋转闪蒸干燥器能满足干燥粉煤灰的要求。     

气体分布器的数值模拟与改进设计研究

针时双切向环流式和双列叶片式两种气体分布器,利用计算流体动力学数值方法模拟研究其流场规律,比较两种分布器的多种性能。在此基础上,提出对双列叶片式气体分布器进行改进设计;并模拟结果表明,改进后的气体分布器在均匀度方面有进一步提高。     

螺旋管分离器流场分布及影响规律分析

针对螺旋管分离器介绍了数值模拟模型的选取和基本参数,分别开展了无孔螺旋管和开孔螺旋管的流场模拟。对回转半径和入口流量对流场分布和螺旋管分离器分离性能的影响做了分析。模拟结果表明,螺旋管的回转半径和入口流速是影响分离效果的两个主要因素。另外,螺旋管开孔的孔径尺寸对分离效果也产生一定的影响。在本研究中,当回转半径为500mm、入口速度为0.3m/s时达到理想的分离效果。     

不同截面形状气体分布器的数值模拟

针对100kt/a大型乙烯裂解炉布置的新型急冷废热锅炉气体分布器存在背风面焦炭蓄集严重、弯曲变形大和流场湍流强的问题,利用计算流体力学方法,比较了正方形、圆形和椭圆形截面分布器气体入口流场的气体分布不均匀性、流场湍流强度、分布器应力大小和背风面焦炭蓄集的性能指标。模拟结果表明,除正方形截面分布器弯曲正应力最小外,椭圆形截面分布器气体分布不均匀性、流场湍流强度和背风面上气体流动低速区都较圆形截面分布器的小。     

Modelling and Simulation of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer in a Deep-Bed Grain Dryer

This article concerns the modelling and simulation of a deep-bed grain dryer in a large diameter-column. Two-dimensional (2D) models of deep-bed grain dryers were built by considering simultaneously momentum, heat, and mass transfer in the drying phase together with coupled heat and mass balance in the grain phase. The dynamic equations are solved numerically by using finite difference method. The momentum equations are applied to simulate pressure drop and velocity field of the drying air across the bed. The mass and heat balance in the two phases determine the profile of temperature and moisture content in both phases. Further, drying rate curves for various temperature of inlet drying gas together with moisture content of grain were simulated. The simulated profiles are in close agreement with experimental data.     

Simulation and Optimization of Semicontinuous Industrial Tunnel Dryers for Fruits

Semicontinuous industrial tunnel dryers were simulated and optimized for concurrent and countercurrent configurations. Mass and energy balances for the solid and gas phase were used to describe the operation of the dryer and a semi-empirical model for the mass transfer rate; the drying rate equation parameters were fitted using experimental data for Italy grapes. The simulation programs coded in Fortran 90 calculate the moisture and temperature profiles for grapes and humidity and temperature for air throughout the tunnel, cycle time, recirculation ratio, thermal load, and fresh air flow rate. The optimization minimizes the energy input considering the degradation of ascorbic acid in the fruit as the main constraint.     

基于EMMS模型的大型催化裂化装置再生器气固分布数值模拟

大型催化裂化装置中再生器的规模庞大,其中的气固分布装置对整体性能有重要影响。与传统的冷模实验相比,对再生器整体和气固分布器局部的多尺度计算机模拟有利于更深入地了解其流动规律,高效便捷地考察不同结构设计与操作条件对气固分布的影响,辅助其优化设计。结合双流体模型和EMMS曳力模型,首先模拟了中石化现有3.5 Mt·a^-1大规模清洁汽油生产装置的再生反应器,进而模拟并分析了基于同一工艺设计的7 Mt·a^-1超大规模再生反应器内不同气体和固体分布器对流动与混合过程的影响。模拟结果表明:3环较2环分布器能有效改善气体分布的均匀性,但增加每个环上的气体入口数对其分布的改善有限;而对固体分布器,开孔率减小可增加其阻力,并在一定程度上改善混合性能。进一步讨论了研究分布环喷口处的气固流动与混合细节的必要性,初步展示了基于EMMS模型的离散颗粒模拟方法(EMMS-DPM)对其的有效性。     

SIMULATION AND SCALE-UP OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYING AND CASCADING ROTARY DRYERS

This paper presents a unified model for simulation of cocurrent and countercurrent dispersion-type dryers. The main industrial applications are to pneumatic conveying (flash) dryers and cascading (direct) rotary dryers. The basic model is a one-dimensional incremental (stepwise) simulation, which has been developed over a number of years Equations for particle motion, heat and mass transfer, heat and mass balances and local gas conditions are solved simultaneously over a small increment along the dryer. All workers have previously had considerable difficulty in obtaining a good fit between simulations and actual results from pilot-plants or large-scale industrial dryers. A new “fitting mode” calculation overcomes this by identifying the parameters which need to be adjusted, concentrating on those which cannot be measured accurately. Excellent agreement has been obtained between the model and experimental data by this method. The paper also presents revised formulations for particle motion and heat transfer in rotary dryers. The model has been incorporated into two computer programs for flash and rotary dryers respectively, and results from the former are shown for a case study.     

SIMULATION AND SCALE-UP OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYING AND CASCADING ROTARY DRYERS

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a unified model for simulation of cocurrent and countercurrent dispersion-type dryers. The main industrial applications are to pneumatic conveying (flash) dryers and cascading (direct) rotary dryers. The basic model is a one-dimensional incremental (stepwise) simulation, which has been developed over a number of years Equations for particle motion, heat and mass transfer, heat and mass balances and local gas conditions are solved simultaneously over a small increment along the dryer. All workers have previously had considerable difficulty in obtaining a good fit between simulations and actual results from pilot-plants or large-scale industrial dryers. A new “fitting mode” calculation overcomes this by identifying the parameters which need to be adjusted, concentrating on those which cannot be measured accurately. Excellent agreement has been obtained between the model and experimental data by this method. The paper also presents revised formulations for particle motion and heat transfer in rotary dryers. The model has been incorporated into two computer programs for flash and rotary dryers respectively, and results from the former are shown for a case study.