炭黑补强HIPS/SBS/SBR TPV的性能和相态结构研究

采用动态硫化法制备炭黑补强高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）/丁苯橡胶（SBR）热塑性硫化胶（TPV）,考察炭黑用量对TPV物理性能的影响,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜观察动态硫化过程中橡胶相的形态演变。结果表明：在TPV的分散相中填充炭黑,可使TPV的拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高,炭黑用量（对于SBR胶料）为60份时,TPV拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大;在动态硫化过程中,橡胶相在交联的同时逐渐被撕碎为分散相,动态硫化至8?min,橡胶相呈稳定的类球状形貌,粒径为3～6?μm,表面为纳米乱片层状结构。     

炭黑增强高抗冲聚苯乙烯/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯/丁苯橡胶热塑性硫化胶的形态演变

采用动态硫化法制备了炭黑增强高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),考察了炭黑填充量对其力学性能的影响,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察了动态硫化过程中橡胶相的形态演变。结果表明,在TPV的分散相SBR中填充炭黑,可使TPV的力学性能获显著改善;随着动态硫化的进行,橡胶相在交联的同时逐渐被撕碎为分散相,在动态硫化至8 min时橡胶相呈稳定的类球状形貌,其粒径为3~6 μm,且表面呈现出纳米乱片层状结构。     

充油BR/EVA/SBS/HIPS TPV的结构与性能

采用动态硫化法制备了充油顺丁橡胶(BR)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)共混型热塑性硫化胶(TPV),研究了在树脂相中填充芳烃油对TPV性能和亚微观结构的影响.结果表明,随着芳烃油用量的提高,TPV的硬度、拉伸永久变形、强度均呈显著下降趋势,而拉断伸长...     

高密度聚乙烯/丁苯橡胶热塑性硫化胶的形状记忆性能

采用动态硫化法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),研究了橡塑比、定型温度、回复温度及增容剂苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)对HDPE/SBR TPV形状记忆性能的影响,观察了其微观结构,提出了形状记忆行为机制。结果表明,HDPE/SBR TPV具有典型的"海-岛"结构,拉伸后其表面存在明显的取向结构;SBS能显著提高HDPE/SBR TPV的形状记忆性能,当SBS用量为6份、定型温度和回复温度均为120℃时,HDPE/SBR TPV的形状记忆性能最佳。     

动态硫化BR/EVA/SBS/HIPS热塑性弹性体的增强研究

采用动态硫化法制备了顺丁橡胶(BR)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)热塑性弹性体(TPE),通过在BR中充填炭黑的方式对复合体系进行增强,对其力学性能及断面微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,对于动态硫化BR/EVA/SBS/HIPS共混型TPE,当BR相中炭黑填充量在0~80phr的范围内,其动态硫化产物均表现出TPE的特征;随着炭黑用量的提高,复合体系的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、邵氏硬度趋于显著提高,断裂伸长率趋于下降,而扯断永久形变则趋于不变;未填充炭黑TPE的拉伸断面上两相界面结合良好;炭黑填充后的TPE的断面起伏较大但平滑,表明弹性较强。     

混炼工艺对NR/SBR/BR/TRR农业轮胎胎面胶性能的影响

研究混炼工艺对天然橡胶(NR)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)/顺丁橡胶(BR)/轮胎再生橡胶(TRR)农业轮胎胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明:胶料混炼适合采用两段混炼工艺,一段混炼为SBR和TRR与部分炭黑混炼,二段混炼为一段混炼胶与NR、BR、剩余炭黑和其他配合剂混炼;随着一段混炼炭黑加入量增大,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度呈增大趋势,一段混炼炭黑加入量较大时硫化胶的拉断伸长率较高,耐磨性能较好;一段混炼加入5/6炭黑的混炼工艺硫化胶的炭黑分散性较好,拉伸强度和撕裂强度较大,耐磨性能较好,生热较低,耐热氧老化和耐臭氧老化性能较好。     

炭黑增强SBR/EVA/HIPS热塑性硫化胶的性能研究

采用动态硫化法制备了炭黑增强丁苯橡胶(SBR)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),研究了炭黑对TPV应力松弛及粘弹行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在TPV分散相SBR中加入炭黑,力学性能显著改善,应力松弛残留应力增大;频率扫描模式下,储能模量下降,损耗因子增加;应变扫描模式下,TPV表现出明显的Payne效应,且炭黑填充使Payne效应弱化。     

ZDMA补强PLA/NBR TPV的形态演变研究

采用动态硫化法制备了甲基丙烯酸锌(ZDMA)补强聚乳酸(PLA)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV);采用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)对其进行增塑,考察了ZDMA用量对TPV力学性能的影响;通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)研究了动态硫化过程中橡胶相的形态演变。结果表明,在橡胶相中填充ZDMA可使TPV拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高;随着动态硫化反应的进行,NBR发生交联,同时增大了与树脂相的粘度差,并形成了独特的双连续相结构;随着动态硫化时间的延长,2相尺寸均明显减小。     

增容高抗冲聚苯乙烯/高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶热塑性硫化胶的Mullins效应及其可逆性

采用动态硫化法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)增容高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶(HVPBR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),考察了SBS用量对TPV物理机械性能的影响,表征了TPV的微观形貌,并研究了TPV的Mullins效应及其可逆性。结果表明,SBS可显著改善HIPS/HVPBR体系的相容性,其用量为12份时,TPV的物理机械性能较好;SBS增容TPV的断面平整、结构致密,界面相互作用明显增强;SBS增容TPV在循环单轴拉伸过程中出现明显的Mullins效应,提高应变速率时,TPV的最大应力和内耗呈增大趋势,瞬时残余形变则减小;当拉伸比相同时,TPV经第1次拉伸热处理后,第2次单轴拉伸中TPV的最大应力和内耗均增大,瞬时残余形变则减小。     

拉伸疲劳过程中未填充丁苯橡胶/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混硫化胶性能的变化

研究了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)用量不同的未填充丁苯橡胶(SBR)/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸疲劳性能,考察了TPI用量为20份(质量,下同)的未填充SBR/TPI共混硫化胶在拉伸疲劳过程中动态性能及TPI结晶性能的变化。结果表明,TPI用量为20份或30份时SBR/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸疲劳性能较好,随TPI用量增加其疲劳断裂表面的撕裂线逐渐增多。X射线衍射分析表明SBR/TPI(质量比为80/20)共混硫化胶的结晶衍射峰强度随着拉伸疲劳次数的增加而不断增强。动态力学分析表明SBR与TPI的相容性良好;随拉伸疲劳次数增加SBR硫化胶损耗因子的峰值不断降低,而TPI用量为20份的SBR/TPI共混硫化胶在拉伸疲劳过程中损耗因子峰值的变化不明显,但损耗因子在40～60℃有较大幅度的下降。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.