H3BO3对化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+、Dy3+的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+、Dy3+长余辉发光粉体.研究了H3BO3的加入对粉体的相组成,晶体结构,发光性能与长余辉特性的影响.结果表明,加入的H3BO3大部分不进入晶格,作为助熔剂有利于Sr4Al14O25相的形成,一小部分H3BO3进入晶格中取代Al3+离子并且对Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+、Dy3+长余辉发光粉体的发光性能与长余辉特性都有显著的提高, 然而过量的H3BO3加入则会降低粉体的长余辉特性, 本实验所获得H3BO3合适的添加量为0.7mol.     

H3BO3对化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2＋、Dy^3＋的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25:Eu^2 、Dy^3 长余辉发光粉体。研究了H3BO3的加入对粉体的相组成，晶体结构，发光性能与长余辉特性的影响。结果表明．加入的H3BO3大部分不进入晶格．作为助熔剂有利于Sr4Al14O25相的形成．一小部分H3BO3进入晶格中取代Al^3 离子并且对Sr4Al14O25:Eu^2 、Dy^3 长余辉发光粉体的发光性能与长余辉特性都有显著的提高．然而过量的H3BO3加入则会降低粉体的长余辉特性．本实验所获得H3BO3合适的添加量为0．7mol。     

长余辉夜光材料Sr4Al14O25:（Eu,Dy）的制备及性能优化（英文）

利用固相反应法制备了Sr4Al14O25:(Eu2+,Dy3+)长余辉夜光材料,并研究了H3BO3含量、固相反应温度和Eu含量对Sr4Al14O25:(Eu2+,Dy3+)长余辉夜光材料性能的影响.实验结果表明,H3BO3含量对蓝绿发射的Sr4Al14O25相的形成至关重要.在固相反应温度为1400℃,H3BO3含量为10at%,Eu/Al原子比为0.03的优化条件下,获得了发射波长为490 nm,余辉时间长达24 h以上的Sr4Al14O25夜光粉.发光强度与Eu含量的关系证明,Sr4Al14O25相的蓝绿发射过程主要受电子从深陷阱到Eu2+能级的转移速度的控制.     

纳米Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+的长余辉发光行为

使用溶胶-凝胶技术合成纳米尺度的Sr2MgSi2O7Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料,比较了该方法与固相法获得的长余辉粉体的光致发光行为和长余辉性能.溶胶-凝胶获得的纯相Sr2MgSi2O7Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉粉体是由纳米尺度的微晶形成的团聚颗粒,具有光致发光行为和长余辉发光特性.其发射峰位于465nm.而固相合成的粉体具有两个发射峰,分别位于404nm和459nm.产生这些差别的原因在于Eu2+在基质晶格中的不同配位情况.固相合成的粉体的余辉发光性能高于溶胶-凝胶粉体,其原因在于高温固相合成在基质内部产生了更高浓度的电子陷阱.     

正交试验法优化长余辉发光材料Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+的合成工艺

采用高温固相法在碳粉还原气氛下合成蓝色长余辉发光材料Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+。通过正交试验,以初始余辉亮度和余辉时间为评价指标,研究了烧结温度、Eu2+、Dy3+和硼酸的摩尔分数对发光材料余辉性能的影响。结果表明:各个因素在实验设定水平范围变化时,最佳合成工艺为烧结温度1300℃,Eu2+、Dy3+和硼酸的摩尔分数分别为2%,4%,10%。按照上述工艺条件合成的样品余辉性能最佳,初始余辉亮度可达2238mcd/m2,余辉时间超过1400s。样品具有250nm～450nm的激发范围,发射峰位于470nm。     

Sr2Mg1-xCaxSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+蓝色长余辉发光材料的合成及余辉性能调控

为了调控长余辉发光材料的余辉寿命,利用Ca2+对长余辉材料基质中的Mg2+进行不同程度取代,即通过高温固相法制备了一系列Sr2Mg1-xCaxSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+（x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0）长余辉发光材料。通过高温固相法制备的样品相较于溶胶-凝胶法所得样品具有更好的晶体结构,发光性能也更好。X射线衍射结果表明,随着原料中Ca2+含量的增加,合成样品的衍射峰逐渐往高角度移动,表明该基质内Ca2+已经取代Mg2+的晶格位置,使晶格发生变化,晶体场发生改变。样品发射峰位于487~492 nm,为蓝色发光材料。通过观察余辉衰减图和初始余辉亮度值可知,随着Ca2+含量的增加,样品的余辉衰减寿命和发光强度逐渐减小。以上性质有望使该材料在需要短寿命余辉产品领域有新的应用前景。     

Eu2+,Dy3+掺杂夜光纤维用发光材料的余辉特性和陷阱能级分布

采用高温固相法制备了夜光纤维用Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色长余辉发光材料,结合夜光纤维对发光材料性能的要求,通过X射线衍射图谱、荧光光谱、余辉衰减曲线及热释光谱对材料的结构、发光性能和陷阱能级分布进行了表征,重点分析了稀土离子Eu2+和Dy3+的掺量及比例的变化对材料余辉过程和陷阱能级分布的影响。结果表明适中的Dy3+掺量能产生合适的陷阱能级,从而获得较好的余辉效果,Dy3+掺量不同但衰减规律相似,经拟合余辉衰减包括快衰减、中衰减、慢衰减3个过程。而当Dy3+掺量不变,Eu2+掺量达到0.05mol时,发光强度骤然下降,出现发光淬灭。随着Dy3+掺量的增加,陷阱能级的深度E值逐渐变大,当Dy3+掺量增加到0.06mol时,E值反而大幅降低。     

SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+时间分辨手印成像研究

研究了以铝酸锶为基质,Eu2+和Dy3+共掺杂的长余辉粉体(SED)光学性质,将长余辉粉体与铁粉混合,用于刷显不同客体上的潜在手印,采集了手印发光图像,与普通荧光粉进行了手印显现、成像对比研究。实验结果表明,长余辉粉体适用于非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的手印显现,其超长余辉性质,可以消除(降低)背景干扰,有助于实现背景图案复杂客体上的手印时间分辨成像。     

Ce3+、Mn2+掺杂Zn3（BO3）2的制备及其发光性能

采用共沉淀法在700℃和较短的烧结时间下制备了Zn3(BO3)2和不同浓度的Ce3+、Mn2+离子掺杂的Zn3(BO3)2纳米晶粉末,对合成产物的发光性质及发光机理进行了研究。利用荧光分光光度计、X射线粉末衍射仪以及透射电镜对其光学性能和纳米晶形貌进行了表征。结果表明Ce3+离子掺杂的Zn3(BO3)2样品在340～400nm之间有强的荧光发射,其最高发射峰峰位为365nm,在Ce3+掺量为0.5%(摩尔分数,下同)时发光强度达到最高值。Ce3+取代Zn2+离子作为发光中心,Mn2+离子作为激活剂加入,并不影响荧光发射峰的位置,但能够有效增强其发光强度。当Mn2+离子掺量为0.7%(摩尔分数)时,Ce3+、Mn2+共掺杂的Zn3(BO3)2纳米晶发光强度达到最高值。     

钬掺杂对SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+发光性能的影响

首次研究了Ho3+掺杂对SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+发光性能的影响.采用燃烧合成方法,在600℃条件下,合成Ho3+掺杂的SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+新型长余辉光致发光材料.X射线衍射分析结果表明,合成的样品为单相SrAl2O4单斜晶系磷石英结构.光致发光光谱测量显示,合成样品的发射光谱是连续宽带谱,峰值位于510nm左右,激发光谱是单峰且峰值位于356nm的连续宽带谱.利用单光子计数系统测量了材料的余辉衰减曲线,结果显示Ho3+的适量掺杂可以明显提高铝酸锶的初始发光亮度.当Ho3+的掺入摩尔比例为0.005时,初始亮度是不掺杂Ho3+时的两倍多.对初始亮度增强的机理做了初步的探讨.     

腐植酸树脂对电镀废水中重金属离子的吸附

利用泥炭为原料制备出腐植酸树脂。在动态条件下 ,研究了腐植酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +、Ni2 +、Cr3+的吸附效果及条件。同时探讨了腐植酸树脂对Pb2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +、Ni2 +、Cr3+的吸附与解吸再生机理。含Pb2 +、Cu2 +、Zn2 +、Ni2 +、Cr3+的电镀废水经腐植酸树脂吸附后 ,废水中重金属离子的含量低于国家排放标准     

Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Nd3+, Al3+, Ca2+ Substituted M-Type Strontium Hexaferrites

Strontium ferrite with Nd³⁺, Al³⁺ and Ca²⁺ substitution of Fe³⁺ and Sr²⁺ ions were prepared by the conventional solid phase reaction process. The Nd³⁺ substitution shows 10 %–20 % improvement in coercivity for the substitution content less than 10 %. The Ca²⁺ substitution is favorable to the enhancement of saturation magnetization due to the accelerated reaction of Fe₂O₃ and SrCO₃. The samples with Al³⁺ substitution of Fe³⁺ show the lowest saturation magnetization, although the highest coercivity was achieved for a homogeneous grain size less than 1 μm. The combinatory substitution Nd³⁺, Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ leads to the optimum magnetic properties with σ _s=52 A?m²/kg and H _cj=412 kA/m.     

Host-sensitized phosphorescence of Mn4+, Pr3+,4+ and Nd3+ in MgAl2Si2O8

Mn⁴⁺ doped and Pr^3+,4+, Nd³⁺ co-doped MgAl₂Si₂O₈-based phosphors were first of all synthesized about 1300 °C. They were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminescence mechanism of the phosphors, which showed broad red emission bands in the range of 610–715 nm and had a different maximum intensity when activated by UV illumination, was discussed. Such a red emission can be attributed to the intrinsic d–d transitions of Mn⁴⁺.     

VUV–UV luminescence of Ce3+, Tb3+, Eu3+, and Dy3+ doped GdOCl

The vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic properties of GdOCl:Re³⁺ (Re³⁺ = Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Dy³⁺) are investigated in detail for the first time. The host absorption band is determined to be around 179 nm, and the f–d transition bands as well as the charge transfer bands are assigned. Upon 179 nm excitation, Re³⁺ (Re³⁺ = Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺, Eu³⁺, Dy³⁺) ions shown their characteristic emissions. Energy transfers from Gd³⁺ to Re³⁺ ion were observed. A broad band ranging from 350 to 400 nm corresponding to the d–f transition of Ce³⁺ is observed. Eu³⁺ has typical red emission with the strongest peak at 620 nm; Tb³⁺ shows characteristic transition of ⁵D_3,4 → ⁷F_j, and its spin-forbidden and spin-allowed f–d transitions in VUV region are calculated with Dorenbos’ equations, these calculated values agree well with the experimental results. Dy³⁺ presents yellow emission (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_13/2) with the strongest peak at 573 nm.     

Study on the Properties of Nanometer CeO2 Doped with Zr4+, La3+, Pr3+

Different nanometer CeO_2-ZrO_2 mixed oxides doped with lanthanum or praseodymium were prepared by coprecipi-tation. The characteristics of all mixed oxides were tested by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. XRD results showed thatall oxides were formed solid solution with CaF_2 structure at low temperature and had good thermal stability. MoreCe~(4+) ions were rich on the surface by XPS, which were beneficial to oxygen storage. The particle mediun sizes (d_(50))of all oxides powders were approximately 10～20 nm by small angle scattering goniometer. When doped Zr~(4+) inCeO_2, the specific surface areas were improved at low or high temperature. The area of Ce_(0.6)Zr_(0.3)La_(0.04)Pr_(0.06)O_2powder had excess 110 m~2/g after calcining at 923 K for 4 h, even calcined at 1273 K for 4 h, the area was up to65 m~2/g.     

Diffusion mechanism of Co2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cs+, and Pb2+ ions in the particles of polyaniline silicotitanate

ABSTRACT

The kinetic behavior of Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cs⁺, and Pb²⁺ in the H-form of polyaniline silicotitanate composite as cation exchanger was studied as a function of particle size, concentration of the exchanging ions, reaction temperature, and drying temperature. The exchange rate was controlled by particle diffusion mechanism as a limited batch technique and is confirmed from the straight lines of B versus 1/r² plots. The values of diffusion coefficients, activation energy, and entropy of activation were calculated and their significance was discussed. The data obtained have been compared with that reported for other organic and inorganic exchangers.     

Ion-exchange of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by Lewatit CNP 80

Removal of trace amounts of heavy metals can be achieved by means of selective ion-exchange processes. The newly developed resins offered a high resin capacity and faster sorption kinetics for the metal ions such as Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+) ions. In the present study, the removal of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. Experimental investigations were undertaken using the ion-exchange resin Lewatit CNP 80 (weakly acidic) and were compared with Lewatit TP 207 (weakly acidic and chelating). The optimum pH range for the ion-exchange of the above mentioned metal ions on Lewatit CNP 80 and Lewatit TP 207 were 7.0-9.0 and 4.5-5.5, respectively. The influence of pH, contact time, metal concentration and amount of ion-exchanger on the removal process was investigated. For investigations of the exchange equilibrium, different amounts of resin were contacted with a fixed volume of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+) ion containing solution. The obtained sorption affinity sequence in the presented work was Ni(2+)>Cu(2+)>Cd(2+)>Zn(2+)>Pb(2+). The metal ion concentrations were measured by AAS methods. The distribution coefficient values for metal ions of 10(-3)M initial concentration at 0.1mol/L ionic strength show that the Lewatit CNP 80 was more selective for Ni(2+), Cu(2+) than it was for Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and Pb(2+). Langmuir isotherm was applicable to the ion-exchange process and its contents were calculated. The uptake of metal ions by the ion-exchange resins was reversible and thus has good potential for the removal of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+) from aqueous solutions. The amount of sorbed metal ion per gram dry were calculated as 4.1, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, and 4.7mequiv./g dry resin for Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+), respectively. Selectivity increased in the series: Cd(2+)>Pb(2+)>Cu(2+)>Ni(2+)>Zn(2+). The results obtained showed that Lewatit CNP 80 weakly acidic resin had shown better performance than Lewatit TP 207 resin for the removal of metals. The change of the ionic strength of the solution exerts a slight influence on the removal of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+). The presence of low ionic strength or low concentration of NaNO(3) does not have a significant effect on the ion-exchange of these metals by the resins. We conclude that Lewatit CNP 80 can be used for the efficient removal of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Ni(2+) from aqueous solutions.     

Massively defective crystalline solutions in fluorite-structure oxides: the systems ThO2-Ln2O3 (Ln=La3+, Gd3+, Yb3+)

Subsolidus phase relations have been defined in three representative rare earth sesquioxide (La₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, Yb₂O₃)-thoria systems over a wide range of compositions by X-ray methods (from phase detection and precision lattice parameter measurements). Characterisation of the point defects in these fluorite structure materials shows good agreement between calculated anion vacancy models and density values measured. Currently accepted crystal chemical generalisations were found to be inadequate to rationalise phase equilibria and crystalline solubility limits in these systems.     

Luminescence properties of long-lasting phosphor SrMg2(PO4)2:Eu2+, Ho3+, Zr4+

Novel long lasting phosphors SrMg₂(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺, SrMg₂(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺, Zr⁴⁺, SrMg₂(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺, Ho³⁺ and SrMg₂(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺, Ho³⁺, Zr⁴⁺ were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. The luminescent properties were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescent excitation and emission spectra, as well as thermoluminescence spectrum and decay curves. The XRD patterns indicated that the samples belonged to monoclinic phase and co-doping Eu²⁺, Ho³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ ions had no effect on the basic crystal structure. These phosphors emitting purplish blue light is related to the characteristic emission of Eu²⁺. The afterglow time of Eu²⁺ activated SrMg₂(PO₄)₂ can be greatly enhanced by the co-doping of Ho³⁺, Zr⁴⁺. After the 365 nm UV light excitation source switching off, the Sr_0.92Mg_1.95(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺_0.01, Zr⁴⁺_0.05, Ho³⁺_0.07 phosphorescence can be observed for more than 1013 s in the limit of light perception of dark-adapted human eyes (0.32 mcd/m²). Different kinds of TL peaks at 423, 448 and 473 K have appeared, and traps densities have increased compared with the Eu²⁺ single doped SrMg₂(PO₄)₂ phosphor. By analyzing the TL curve the depths of traps were calculated to be 0.846, 0.896 and 0.946 eV, respectively, which suggested that the co-doping of Ho³⁺, Zr⁴⁺ improved the electron storage ability of material. Besides, the mechanism was discussed in this report.     

The charge transfer excitation of trivalent rare earth ions Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Ho3+, Er3+ and Yb3+ emission in BaFC1 crystals

The charge transfer type excitation spectra of trivalent rare earth ions Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ emission in BaFC1 crystals have been studied. The charge transfer type emissions of Ho³⁺, Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ in BaFC1 have also been observed in addition to that of Eu³⁺. The energy of charge transfer band of these RE³⁺ ions were estimated experimentally and also calculated by Jørgensen's refined electron spin-pairing energy theory. Both the experimental and calculated values coincide well. The reductive enthalpy changes ΔH⁰_III−II of these RE ions were evaluated. Comparison of the variation of energy of the CT band maximum with that of the enthalpy change ΔH⁰_III−II shows a close agreement.