原位复合制备纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料及其表征

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为模板,氯化镉、硫化钠等为原料,在水的悬浮液中,用原位复合法制备了MCC/CdS纳米复合材料。对复合反应条件进行了初步研究,探讨了Cd2+浓度、Cd2+吸附时间及超声功率对复合反应的影响。研究表明,适当提高Cd2+吸附时间及超声功率有利于提高复合材料中硫化镉颗粒的复合量,Cd2+浓度对复合量的影响是显著的。应用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),红外光谱(FT-IR),光致荧光光谱(PL)对MCC/CdS复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,复合在微晶纤维素上的CdS颗粒大小均一,且均匀分布在微晶纤维素模板表面;制备的复合材料具有一定的荧光特性。     

微晶纤维素/CdS纳米复合材料的原位复合反应

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为模板,采用原位复合法制备MCC/CdS纳米复合材料。研究了超声波预处理以及镉离子、硫离子物质的量比对复合效果的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM),X射线衍射,荧光光谱(PL)以及激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)对复合材料的结构及性能进行表征。研究表明,超声波预处理后的纤维素对镉离子吸附能力更强,粒径为30 nm~100nm的CdS粒子均匀分布于纤维素表面,所得CdS为立方型晶体,复合材料体现出一定强度的光致发光性,较佳Cd2+∶S2-(物质的量比)为3∶1。     

纳米纤维素/CdS纳米复合光电材料的制备和性能

以NaClO2为主要氧化剂,使用氧化漂白桉木浆制备C-6位羧基含量为0.8mmol/g的TEMPO氧化纤维素,然后将其剪切为纳米纤维素(NCC)。再以NCC为基材,以无水氯化镉及硫化钠为前驱体,用声化学法制备了NCC/CdS纳米复合光电材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)以及光电化学实验对复合材料的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,大量CdS纳米粒子复合在NCC基材上形成NCC/CdS纳米复合材料,CdS晶粒为立方型晶体,大小为7.3nm。用NCC/CdS纳米复合材料形成的薄膜器件在可见光区域的透光率高达60%。这种复合材料可产生1.35μA的光电流,其光电转换效率为微晶纤维素/CdS复合材料的6倍。     

利用原子力显微镜研究预处理对木棉纤维/CdS纳米复合材料形貌结构的影响

对木棉纤维进行预处理,然后用预处理后木棉纤维与CdS进行原位复合制备木棉纤维/CdS纳米复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合材料表面形貌结构进行了观察。用AFM定量地分析了预处理方法对木棉纤维/CdS纳米复合材料表面超微三维结构的影响。研究表明,相比未处理木棉纤维,预处理后木棉纤维/CdS纳米复合材料上CdS粒子的吸附量增大,且经过TEMPO氧化处理的木棉纤维所复合的CdS粒子的分布最均匀,粒径最均一。对于基于植物质纤维素资源为原料的纤维素/无机纳米复合材料的制备及其结构表征具有重要的参考价值。     

微晶纤维素的表面改性对己内酰胺聚合的复合材料性能的影响

利用2,4-甲苯异氰酸酯(TDI)对微晶纤维素(MCC)进行改性,将改性前后的纤维素(MCC和TMCC)分散到己内酰胺(CL)中并利用CL阴离子开环聚合制备得到MCC/PA6和TMCC/PA6复合材料,研究TDI对MCC表面改性对复合材料的影响。扫描电子显微镜和傅立叶红外光谱结果表明TDI和MCC表面发生了接枝反应。比较复合材料中CL的转化率,发现TMCC/PA6复合材料中CL的转化率比MCC/PA6复合材料中CL的转化率高;测试复合材料中PA6和纯PA6的分子量,结果表明TMCC/PA6复合材料中PA6的分子量明显高于MCC/PA6复合材料中PA6的分子量;测试MCC、TMCC含量为1%(质量分数)的复合材料与纯PA6在250℃的剪切粘度,发现复合材料在250℃下剪切粘度在低频下均比PA6高,且前者最高,高频时两者趋向一致。     

改性微晶纤维素/线性低密度聚乙烯复合材料的流变性能

采用硅烷偶联剂3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对微晶纤维素(MCC)进行改性,通过熔融共混法制备了改性MCC/LLDPE复合材料,并对复合材料的流变行为和动态力学性能进行了研究。动态流变测试结果表明,所有复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度随着MCC含量的增加而增加,而受温度的影响变化不大。稳态流变结果表明,MCC/LLDPE复合材料熔体均为假塑性流体,在高剪切速率下复合材料较纯LLDPE有着更低的剪切黏度。动态力学分析结果表明,MCC的加入大大提高了复合材料的刚性。     

乳酸原位聚合改性纳米纤维素的制备及应用

乳酸原位聚合改性纳米纤维,并和聚乳酸制备复合材料。先由64%硫酸水解微晶纤维素(MCC)制备纳米纤维素(NCC),再乳酸原位聚合接枝纳米纤维素得到改性后纳米纤维素(g-NCC),最后将g-NCC按0%~5%质量比与聚乳酸(PLA)共混,制成复合材料g-NCC/PLA。透射电子显微镜观察得到棒状纳米纤维素长度为100~200nm,直径为10~25nm,傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振谱证明乳酸均聚物已接枝到纳米纤维素,复合材料性能分析表明g-NCC与PLA相容性比未改性NCC与PLA相容性好,g-NCC含量为2%时,复合材料拉伸强度可达到45 MPa,比纯PLA提高85%,结晶度提高10%。     

纤维素/聚乳酸复合材料的结构与性能

以机械球磨法预处理纸浆纤维素纤维,研究球磨对纤维素形貌和结构的影响;以纤维素颗粒为填料,通过熔融加工方法,制备出可完全再生且可完全降解的聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料,对复合材料的形貌、结构和性能进行了表征测试。结果表明,作为干法工艺,机械球磨可以简便地制备微晶纤维素(MCC)。加入纤维素颗粒以后,复合材料的冲击强度显著增加(最高达70.7%),断面出现韧性断裂特征;PLA的玻璃化转变温度和冷结晶温度升高,最大分解速率温度降低约15℃,热稳定性略有下降。     

微晶纤维素表面接枝对苯二胺的制备及其荧光性能

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为原料,高碘酸钠(NaIO4)为氧化剂首先制备了双醛纤维素(DAC),进而与对苯二胺(PPDA)进行小分子接枝反应,得到对苯二胺改性的微晶纤维素。通过红外光谱、热重分析、示差扫描量热仪和荧光显微镜分别表征了MCC氧化和接枝前后样品的变化,以及产物的荧光性能。结果表明,MCC经高碘酸钠氧化,可选择性地将C2、C3键的羟基氧化成醛基;对苯二胺接枝于DAC后可形成碳氮双键,具有明显的荧光效应。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮硫脲修饰CdS纳米粒子的制备

用硫脲为表面修饰剂,并用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)为稳定剂在乙醇水溶液中合成了粒径分布均匀、性能稳定、有机物修饰的CdS纳米颗粒.重点分析了硫脲的引入对CdS纳米粒子晶体结构、粒径分布、紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、光致荧光光谱(PL)的影响.发现硫脲修饰使得CdS纳米粒子的粒径更小,粒径分布更加均匀,并且有效地抑止了PVP对CdS荧光淬灭,在PL光谱上观察到了CdS的带隙发光.     

Optical properties of the synthetic nanocomposites SiO2/CdS/poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and SiO2/CdS/poly(styrene-co-maleimide)

Hybrid materials consisting of SiO2/CdS particles dispersed in poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and poly(styrene-co-maleimide) have been synthesized and characterized. The polymer nanocomposites were synthesised in situ in the presence of previously prepared inorganic fillers (SiO2/CdS). The nanocomposites were synthesized with the use of as-prepared or surface-modified SiO2/CdS fillers. For both types of nanocomposites, the optical properties were evaluated and the observation of size quantization effects in the optical spectra is discussed. In this context, the influence of the inorganic fillers and polymer matrices on the optical properties of the final nanocomposites was investigated.     

Fabrication of CdS/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites by γ-irradiation in an ethanol solution

The present work reported the successful preparation of CdS/polyacrylonitrile (CdS/PAN) nanocomposites in an ethanol solution via using γ-irradiation technique at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Acrylonitrile (AN), CS₂ and CdCl₂·2.5H₂O were used as raw materials. Ethanol is chosen as the solvent. XRD analyses showed that the crystallinity of CdS was affected by some factors such as the amount of the organic component in the composites and the dose of irradiation. The optical properties of nanocomposites were also investigated.     

水热法制备纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料及其光催化性能研究

以棉花为纤维素基质,CdCl_2·21/2H_2O和L-半胱氨酸为原料,采用水热法制备了纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了反应时间和反应温度对该复合材料光催化性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR和UV-VisDRS对不同温度下制得的复合材料进行了结构表征。结果表明,反应温度为影响纤维素基CdS样品光催化活性的关键因素,且对样品中CdS的微观结构有显著影响。当反应温度为120℃时,样品的光催化活性最佳,反应50min对MB溶液的光降解率达到94.78%。经过3次循环其光降解率基本保持不变,表明纤维素基CdS是一种稳定有效的光催化剂。光催化增强机理分析表明,CdS光生电子迁移至纤维素表面,实现了与光生空穴的有效分离,从而增强了材料的光催化性能。     

Photo-electrochemical and enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdS/rGO nanocomposites prepared by hydrothermal method

CdS/rGO nanocomposites with different mass ratio of rGO were fabricated via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The influences of different ratios on the microstructure, photo-electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties of the as-prepared samples were investigated. The experimental results show that CdS/rGO nanocomposites are hexagonal structure, one-dimensional CdS nanorods decorated on the surface of graphene. CdS/rGO nanocomposites show excellent visible light absorption and the band gap smaller than that of pure CdS and occur red shift. The photoluminescence spectra, transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectra indicate this nanostructure can accelerate the separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carries and and enhance electron transportation in the photocatalytic reactions. CdS/rGO nanocomposites display enhanced photocatalytic activity in degradation of MO under the simulated sunlight irradiation than that of pure CdS. In addition, in the photocatalytic degradation process ·O₂^? and ·OH play the key role.

     

高性能CeO2/片状CdS复合光电极材料的制备及在光阴极保护中应用

通过逐步合成法制备了具有储存电子和物理阻隔功能的CeO₂/CdS纳米复合材料, 并用于光电阴极保护。通过XRD, TEM, UV-Vis和PL等手段对制备的纳米复合材料进行表征。在模拟白光照射下研究不同质量比的CeO₂/CdS复合材料的光电化学性质。在黑暗条件下, 涂有CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)的304不锈钢涂层的电位比 CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)粒子涂层更正。在白光照射下, CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)复合材料的最大光电流密度为 700 μA·cm ^-2, 涂有CeO₂/CdS(质量比0.2 : 1)的304不锈钢涂层的电位为-650 mV(vs. SCE), 明显低于304不锈钢腐蚀电位(-200 mV vs. SCE), 表明片状CdS具有物理阻隔性能及CeO₂/CdS复合材料具有显著的光电化学性能。这主要是由于CeO₂纳米颗粒和CdS纳米片之间形成了异质结, 促进了光致电子和空穴的有效分离, 从而提高了光电转换效率。此外, 由于CeO₂具有储存电子的功能, 在黑暗条件下可以继续释放电子, 能够提供12 h的阴极保护性能。     

Synthesis,characterization and studies on optical properties of hierarchical ZnO–CdS nanocomposites

Cadmium sulfide coated zinc oxide hierarchical nanocomposites have been synthesised at room temperature by a simple solution based method. CdS nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of ZnO without using any surfactant, ligand or chelating agents. The nanocomposites were synthesised using different concentrations of thioacetamide, cadmium salts, and also by varying the reaction time. After characterization of the nanocomposites, optical properties were investigated by UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. It was found that band gap of the ZnO–CdS nanocomposites is tunable between 2.42 and 3.17 eV.     

Two- and three-dimensional micro/nanostructure patterning of CdS-polymer nanocomposites with a laser interference technique and in situ synthesis

Two-?and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) micro/nanostructures of CdS-polymer nanocomposites have been successfully patterned, combining photopolymerization via a laser four-beam interference technique with in situ synthesis of CdS nanoparticles in the patterned polymer matrix. The morphology and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles in polymer matrices have been confirmed using TEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Laser irradiation time and film thickness are certified to be the key factors for the control of the micro/nanostructures. With thickening film, the fabricated microstructures of CdS-polymer nanocomposites were dramatically changed from 2D rods to 3D networks which were composed of nanofibres, nanometre-scale walls and micrometre-scale rods. These kinds of 2D and 3D micro/nanostructures could be expected as potential applications in the development of nanotechnology, such as nanomedical systems, micro-fluidic chips, nanoreactors and micro/nanopurification or separation systems.     

Cellulose nanocrystal-filled carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites are one of the important application areas for nanotechnology. Naturally derived organic nanophase materials are of special interest in the case of polymer nanocomposites. Carboxymethyl cellulose is a polyelectrolyte derived from natural materials. It has been extensively studied as a hydrogel polymer. Methods to modify the mechanical properties of gels and films made from CMC are of interest in our lab and in the commercial marketplace. The effect of nano-sized fillers on the properties of CMC-based composites is of interest in the development of novel or improved applications for hydrogel polymers in general and CMC in particular. This project investigated cellulose nanocrystals (CNXLs) as a filler in CMC and compared the effects to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The composite material was composed of CMC, MCC or CNXL, with glycerin as a plasticizer. CNXL and MCC concentrations ranged from 5% to 30%. Glycerin concentrations were kept constant at 10%. CNXLs improved the strength and stiffness of the resulting composite compared to MCC. In addition, a simple heat treatment was found to render the nanocomposite water resistant.     

Effect of sonication time on the synthesis of the CdS nanoparticle based multiwall carbon nanotube – maleic anhydride – 1-octene nanocomposites

Effect of sonication time on the synthesis of the CdS nanoparticles within the matrix obtained through the covalent functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with maleic anhydride (MA) – 1-octene copolymer was investigated. Cadmium chloride and thiourea were used as the raw materials. MWCNTs used for the matrix were synthesized by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition using Fe-Co/Al₂O₃ as the catalyst. The obtained nanostructures were characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, TG and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electrophysical properties of the polymer nanocomposites obtained using different periods of time for sonication were comparably investigated. The average CdS particle diameter was between 3.9–7.9 nm as confirmed independently by TEM and XRD. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that the obtained nanostructures are appropriate base materials for making optical devices.