基于注意力增强的行人与头肩级联检测算法

在监控视频中，行人会存在不同视角、不同程度的遮挡问题，导致当前行人检测器漏检率、错检率较高，于是提出了一种注意力增强下的行人整体与行人头肩区域级联检测的行人检测器。提出一种新的通道注意力机制，称为全卷积通道注意力机制；针对分类和回归任务分别融入相适应的注意力机制，来增强有效的检测特征，抑制背景特征信息；设计行人整体与行人头肩区域级联行人检测器，通过行人整体与行人头肩区域的匹配算法，级联地处理检测结果。该算法，尤其针对下半身严重遮挡的情况，极大降低了遮挡行人的漏检率。实验结果表明，在Caltech公开行人检测测试数据集Reasonable（合理子集）的对数平均漏检率降低到5.37%，尤其在Occ=heavy（严重遮挡子集）上的对数平均漏检率降低到23.33%，同时在ETH和CityPersons行人检测数据集上，该算法亦拥有较好的检测效果。     

面向复杂道路场景小尺度行人的实时检测算法

复杂道路场景中小尺度行人目标检测漏检率高,实时性较差,提出了一种针对小尺度行人检测的增强算法,对RFB(Receptive Field Block)网络从特征提取网络结构及损失函数两方面进行改进:通过反向融合的方式将多尺度特征图通道间Shuffle后的深层特征组多级融合到浅层,并在采用更浅层特征的同时加入改进RFB模块及Normalization层,充分利用多尺度特征层间的信息进行小尺度行人检测。损失函数采用基于交并比和中心点距离解决评测与回归损失函数评价指标不等价问题。实验结果表明,该算法在Caltech行人数据集上总体行人和小尺度行人的漏检率分别降低了4.7个百分点与9.0个百分点,单张图片平均检测时间为36 ms,性能高于同类算法。     

基于运动特征及位置估计的行人检测算法

根据行人运动的特点和行人在图像中位置与身高的对应关系,提出了一种结合运动特征与位置估计的行人检测算法。提取运动特征和聚合通道特征（ACF）,将提取的特征放到Real Adaboost分类器里进行训练,并对行人可能存在的位置建立评估模型;在检测阶段,通过分类器确定行人的候选区域,然后采用非极大值抑制算法去除重叠窗口,最后对行人候选区域应用位置评估模型进一步判断,以此排除可能的非行人目标。实验采用Caltech数据集对算法进行仿真,该算法的平均对数漏检率为27.12%,与ACF算法的相比降低了5.9个百分点。实验表明运动特征在视频检测中能够与静态特征进行信息互补,同时行人的位置估计在摄像机固定的情况下,具有一定的判断能力。     

结合纹理与轮廓特征的多通道行人检测算法

针对在复杂场景下,聚合通道特征（ACF）的行人检测算法存在检测精度较低、误检率较高的问题,提出一种结合纹理和轮廓特征的多通道行人检测算法。算法由训练分类器和检测两部分组成。在训练阶段,首先提取ACF特征、局部二值模式（LBP）纹理特征和ST（Sketch Tokens）轮廓特征,然后对提取的三类特征均采用Real AdaBoost分类器进行训练;在检测阶段,应用了级联检测的思想,初期使用ACF分类器处理所有实例,保留下来的少数实例应用复杂的LBP及ST分类器进行逐次筛选。实验采用INRIA数据集对算法进行仿真,该算法的平均对数漏检率为13.32%,与ACF算法相比平均对数漏检率降低了3.73个百分点。实验结果表明LBP特征与ST特征能有对ACF特征进行信息互补,从而在复杂场景下去掉部分误判,提高了行人检测的精度,同时应用级联检测保证了多特征算法的计算效率。     

AF-RetinaNet:一种基于自适应融合与特征细化的微小行人检测算法

为解决目前目标检测算法在微小行人的识别与定位过程中准确率较低的问题,提高微小行人检测能力,提出一种基于自适应融合与特征细化的微小行人检测算法AF-RetinaNet.首先,将特征增强模块与ResNet相结合构建特征提取网络,采用并行结构获得增强特征;其次,使用上下文自适应学习模块,通过获得目标上下文的特征信息,从而关注相似特征的差异性,缓解误检问题;最后,构造具有图像超分思想的特征细化模块,对目标特征信息进行放大重构,优化小目标的特征表达能力,缓解漏检问题.在TinyPerson数据集上,AF-RetinaNet算法的检测精度达到56.78%,漏检率达到85.38%.与基于RetinaNet算法的研究基准相比,检测精度提高5.57%,漏检率降低3.67%.实验结果表明,该模型能有效提高对微小行人的检测和识别精度.     

基于特定区域去相关的行人检测算法

针对传统行人检测算法提取特征包含大量冗余信息且识别精度低的问题,提出一种基于特定区域去相关的行人检测算法.根据平均人形模板特征图的响应值,证明头肩区域是分类阶段最具鉴别力的区域.将该统计人形先验信息融入到特征通道的去相关操作中,对头肩区域提取协方差生成一种新式滤波器,并在测试阶段与每个通道内的整个检测窗口共享,同时研究了跨通道共享协方差的问题.大量实验结果表明,提出的方法能够在维持检测速度不变的前提下有效降低平均对数漏检率,从而满足实时行人检测的要求.     

基于PHOG特征的行人检测算法研究

HOG特征对行人轮廓有很好的描述能力,但基于HOG特征的行人检测存在检测速度慢、漏检率较高的问题,使得该算法的实践应用范围受限。本文针对检测速度慢、漏检率较高的问题,提出了一种基于PHOG特征的行人检测算法。首先,提出了PHOG特征,该特征对cell内的梯度特征进行强化,增大了目标与背景的梯度分布区别,从而使目标更容易被分类器学习和识别。然后提出了构建特征金字塔的方法,并对PHOG特征进行有效地降维,大幅度减少了检测时间。试验结果表明,本文提出的PHOG-PCA特征将漏检率从35%降到了22%,检测速度也比一些流行算法快。     

组合SVM分类器在行人检测中的研究

在基于HOG特征的SVM行人检测算法的基础上,提出了组合分类器的改进算法。该算法首先采用多尺度滑动窗口提取HOG特征,并对单个SVM分别进行训练,再将训练好的SVM分别采用串联、并联结构形成新分类器后对行人进行检测。为解决用多尺度滑动窗口提取特征时产生的目标候选区域重叠问题,采用非极大值抑制算法对重叠区域进行融合,进而得到准确候选区。实验表明,组合的SVM分类器可以有效降低误检率和漏检率。     

一种基于HOG与LSS融合的行人检测算法

针对传统HOG特征的行人检测方法中因遮挡及复杂环境存在较高漏检误检情况,建立了一种基于HOG和局部自相似(LSS)特征融合的行人检测算法。利用LSS反映图像内在几何布局和形状属性的特性,用主成分分析(PCA)将HOG和LSS两类特征在实数域降维,再将两种特征组合成新特征,结合线性SVM分类器进行行人检测。实验采用INRIA数据库和Daimler数据库作为训练集训练SVM,用730幅监控视频帧图片作测试集,将该方法与基于传统HOG特征的行人检测方法做对比,结果表明该方法平均漏检误检率降低16%,检测效果优于基于传统HOG特征的行人检测方法。     

雨天环境基于HOG-SIFT特征稀疏表示的行人检测

针对雨天环境下监控视频因雨水噪声、图像的灰度值削弱使行人轮廓特征丢失而出现的目标行人漏检误检情况,建立了一种基于HOG-SIFT特征稀疏表示的行人检测算法。通过直方图均衡化降低雨水噪声;提取图像HOG-SIFT融合特征表征视频图像中的行人信息,减少轮廓特征的丢失;利用稀疏表示降低融合特征的维数,减小计算量并保留有效的行人特征,结合Ada Boost分类器降低漏检率和误检率。实验结果表明,该算法在雨天环境下有效地提高了行人检测的准确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.