基于动态主题库的主题爬虫

通过对基于不同策略过滤URL的主题爬虫的研究,提出了一种基于动态主题库的主题爬虫.它能够在运行期间实时地更新主题库,提高了对URL过滤的准确度.实验表明,所提的主题爬虫能够在相对较少的时间中,检索尽量少的网络空间,抓取到较多与主题相关的网页.     

基于PageRank与Bagging的主题爬虫研究

为克服主题爬虫主题漂移现象,提高搜索引擎的查准率和查全率,提出了一个基于PageRank算法与Bagging算法的主题爬虫设计方法.将主题爬虫系统分为爬虫爬行模块和主题相关性分析模块.利用一种改进的PageRank算法改善了爬虫的搜索策略,进行网页遍历与抓取.用向量空间模型表示网页主题,使用Bagging算法构造网页主题分类器进行主题相关性分析,过滤与主题无关网页.实验结果表明,该方法在网页抓取的性能上和主题网页的查准率上都取得较好的效果.     

基于多Agent系统的定题爬虫算法

定题爬虫的研究是定题搜索引擎的关键技术。该文提出一种基于多Agent系统的爬虫算法,采用本题语义主题关键词过滤的方法来抓取与主题相关的网页,利用本体库语义网络实现本体领域中同近义词的过滤。凭借HTML网页标记对关键字识别的不同权重和超链接锚文本对主题相关网页进行预测,通过黑板的通信机制实现多Agent交互。实验结果表明算法在抓取网页的查准率、查全率方面有一定的改善。     

基于遗传算法的主题爬行技术研究

针对目前主题搜索策略的不足,提出了基于遗传箅法的主题爬行策略,提高了链接于内容相似度不高的网页之后的页面被搜索的机会,扩大了相关网页的搜索范围.同时,在网页相关度分析方面,引入了基于本体语义的主题过滤策略.实验结果表明,基于遗传算法的主题爬虫抓取网页中的主题相关网页数量多,在合理选择种子集合时,能够抓取大量的主题相关度高的网页.     

基于T-Graph算法的主题爬虫研究

为解决传统主题爬虫抓取特定领域的网页信息效率低下问题,在分析主题爬虫算法T-Graph的基础上,提出一种改进的T-Graph主题爬虫算法.利用维基百科的相关知识,采用语义分析的特征项提取算法提取特征项,在词的语义层次上对文本进行相似度计算,且综合考虑了网页中不同位置文本的权重问题.将改进前后的算法进行实验对比,实验结果表明,在提高主题爬行质量方面,改进后的算法效果更好.     

基于事件驱动的车型参数主题爬虫

网络上的大量数据都隐藏在深层网络中,普通的主题爬虫只能抓取表层数据,而对深层数据的抓取则力不从心.通过建立模拟事件驱动模型,采用基于链接的BM改进过滤算法和基于向量空间模型的内容过滤算法,结合汽车车型参数主题,利用Htmlparser解析动态生成的页面,对其进行结构化处理后将数据存储于索引数据库中,由此实现车型信息的自...     

基于URL模式集的主题爬虫

为提高主题爬虫的性能,依据站点信息组织的特点和URL的特征,提出一种基于URL模式集的主题爬虫。爬虫分两阶段,在实验爬虫阶段,采集站点样本数据,采用基于URL前缀树的模式构建算法构建URL模式,形成模式关系图,并利用HITS算法分析该模式关系图,计算出各模式的重要度;在聚焦爬虫阶段,无需预先下载页面,即可利用生成的URL模式判断页面是否主题相关和能否指导爬虫深入抓取,并根据URL模式的重要度预测待抓取链接优先级。实验表明,该爬虫相比现有的主题爬虫能快速引导爬虫抓取主题相关页面,保证爬虫的查准率和查全率,有效提高爬虫抓取效率。     

基于本体的主题爬虫技术研究

最好优先搜索算法在主题页面附近搜索时能够表现出良好的性能,但算法只关注能"立即回报"的链接而容易遗失那些有远期价值的链接,导致当搜索位置距离主题团较远时容易迷失搜索方向。在最好优先搜索算法基础上,引入了本体帮助主题爬虫识别那些"未来回报"的链接,对抛弃的主题无关链接再基于领域本体进行一次其他主题相关度的判断实验。实验结果表明,基于本体的主题爬虫能够抓取大量主题相关度高的网页,提高了主题资源覆盖率,有效解决了传统算法无法穿过隧道的问题。     

主题网络爬虫研究综述

网络信息资源呈指数级增长,面对用户越来越个性化的需求,主题网络爬虫应运而生。主题网络爬虫是一种下载特定主题网页的程序。利用在采集页面过程获得的特定信息,主题网络爬虫抓取的页面都是与主题相关的。基于主题网络爬虫的搜索引擎以及基于主题网络爬虫构建领域语料库等应用已经得到广泛运用。首先介绍了主题爬虫的定义、工作原理;然后介绍了近年来国内外关于主题爬虫的研究状况,并比较了各种爬行策略及相关算法的优缺点;最后提出了主题网络爬虫未来的研究方向。关键词：     

基于统计模型的主题爬虫的研究与实现

在研究了现存的主题爬虫的基础上,提出了一种基于统计模型的主题爬虫,它对抓取过程中可获得的信息进行分析,并运用统计模型计算的结果过滤URL,有效地解决了偏好特定主题的用户检索和Web信息的索引等相关问题.实验结果表明,与基于链接和网页内容分析的主题爬虫相比,该主题爬虫能够在检索较少的网页时,抓取到较多的与主题相关的网页,提高了抓取精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.