基于GM(1,1)模型的自适应链路层ARQ控制策略

提出了一种用于无线实时流媒体传输的自适应链路层ARQ控制策略,用以提高接收方的播放质量。该策略采用跨层设计的方法,基于GM（1,1）模型预测当前的网络状态,考虑GOP可解码帧数的特性,自适应地调整ARQ参数Nmax;另一方面,在应用层采用自适应FEC策略,在视频源数据和冗余数据之间动态分配网络带宽。数学分析和仿真验证均表明,该策略能使接收方获得最大的可播放帧率,有效地提高了流媒体传输的可靠性和实时性。     

基于连续ARQ的文件传输设计

自动重传请求（ARQ）机制是一种实现无线通信节点之间信号可靠传输的技术。探讨了ARQ机制的3种实现方式,详细描述了将连续ARQ运用在应用层,在嵌入式操作系统VxWorks下实现的文件可靠传输设计。介绍了系统的设计背景、设计实现,并讨论了如何优化设计从而提高传输效率和信道利用率。设计具有较强的通用性,可广泛运用在要求大数据量可靠传输的场景。     

一种适合实时视频传输的混合ARQ加条件跳帧算法研究

论文讨论视频数据在无线局域网(WLAN)中的实时传输问题。采用IEEE802.11b协议,WLAN可提供高达11Mbps的传输速率,在没有干扰和没有拥塞的情况下,其环境完全满足实时视频传输的需要。但在干扰和拥塞严重的情况下,视频帧的延时很大,无法满足实时播放的要求。文献犤1犦提出了一种混合ARQ算法,可较好地解决视频帧的传输延迟问题,但在网络负载很重时,丢包率很高,视频序列的重构质量很差。因而在深入研究IEEE802.11b协议的核心MAC层的基础上,参考文献犤1犦,提出了一种新的适合实时视频传输的混合ARQ算法,结合高层的基于反馈信息的条件跳帧技术,可很好地解决视频帧的延时问题,同时传输的可靠性也很高。     

基于区分服务的无线多媒体传感器网络QoS路由协议*

针对无线多媒体传感器网络数据量大且不同业务传输的QoS约束不同的特点,提出了一种数据融合的区分服务的QoS路由算法（DF-DSQR）。该算法在兴趣泛洪期间建立实时（RT）和尽力而为（BE）业务两类梯度,采用优先级排队模型对两类业务的传输进行分级处理,并采用数据融合转发机制,为RT业务和BE业务提供了保证QoS的路由路径。仿真结果表明,该算法既能保证实时业务低时延的要求,又能保证尽力而为业务的QoS要求,均衡了网络能耗,延长了网络生存期。     

视频传感器网络中基于GOP与距离感知的协作ARQ机制

针对视频传感器网络协作通信的中继选择和多样性服务质量需求保障等问题,提出了基于GOP与距离感知的协作ARQ机制.基于传感器节点物理属性和MPEG-4编码算法,综合考虑了影响视频传输的各种因素,建立了网络状态感知分析模型,在此基础上建立了距离感知的中继选择机制,并根据应用业务需求确定最佳差错控制方案.数学分析和仿真实验表明,所提策略在视频播放质量、实时性和能效方面表现出了比传统ARQ和距离感知的协作ARQ更优越的性能.     

利用高级在轨系统实现高速同/异步混合复接

空间数据传输系统中,音、视频数据的传输变得越来越重要.由于音、视频传输对等时性和实时性要求高,并且视频数据的速率高,数据量大,传统的做法是为音、视频信息单独开辟一个信道传输,但这样会耗费大量的资源.而将视频、音频和异步数据混合复接传输,可以提高信道利用率.针对这种任务,利用国际空间数据系统咨询委员会（CCSDS）高级在轨系统（AOS）建议,提出了两级复用的方案和虚拟信道调度的算法,以满足视频、音频数据传输的等时性和异步数据传输的灵活性,并设计了演示系统.     

基于Kalman滤波的无线流媒体自适应混合FEC/ ARQ控制策略

提出了一种用于无线实时流媒体传输的数据链路层自适应混合FEC/ARQ控制策略,以显著提高接收方的播放质量。该策略采用跨层设计的方法,基于Kalman滤波器预测当前的网络状态,自适应地调整FEC参数N和ARQ参数Nmax;另一方面,在应用层采用自适应FEC策略,在视频源数据和冗余数据之间动态分配网络带宽。数学分析和仿真验证均表明,该策略能使接收方获得最大的可播放帧率,有效地提高了流媒体传输的可靠性和实时性。     

ATM虚拟私人网络

异步传输模式（ＡＴＭ）网络的目的是，在允许用户有效共享网络资源的同时能支持各种不同的业务，包括语音，包括语音、视频和数据。管理这些资源的利用率和灵活性对满足这 些不同性质的要求是至关重要的。网络资源包括ＡＴＭ交叉连接时的干线带宽、交换能力和缓冲器空间。这些资源的共享是个复杂的任务，因为不同的应用具有不同的通信量特性业务性质（ＱＯＳ）要求。例如，当语音和数据性质发生突变时，视频通过连续位率（ＣＢＲ）     

基于HQAM的视频传输不等保护方法

针对传统视频传输重建图像质量低的问题,文中提出了一种利用HQAM（分级正交幅度调制）为视频码流中重要性不同部分提供不等保护的无线视频传输方法。由于压缩后视频流中不同部分对传输错误的敏感度不同,因而在视频恢复过程中的重要性也就不同,文中利用HQAM在不增加传输带宽的情况下为高优先级数据（高敏感度）提供较高强度的保护,但是是以牺牲低优先级数据（低敏感度）的误码率为代价的。在仿真环境为加性高斯白噪声信道（ AWGN）下进行了仿真,结果表明,与均等保护相比,在相同信道带宽和Eb/No条件下,该方法有效提高了视频重建质量。     

无线流媒体自适应链路层HARQ控制策略

无线网络动态的信道特性、高误码率和带宽有限等特点,使得在无线环境下为实时流媒体传输提供QoS保证面临更大的挑战;提出了一种用于无线实时流媒体传输的自适应链路层HARQ控制策略,针对不同的信道状况动态选择混合ARQ方案;该策略采用跨层设计的方法,在应用层采用自适应FEC策略,在视频源数据和冗余数据之间动态分配网络带宽;数学分析和仿真验证表明,该策略能使接收方获得最大的可播放帧率,有效地提高流媒体传输的可靠性和实时性。     

联合H.264和多码率Turbo码的无线视频传输

提出了一种无线视频流联合信源信道编码传输的具体方案,结合H.264视频编码,对其进行合理数据分割后采用UEP技术,并联合信道设计了一个支持信道UEP的多码率Turbo编解码器,同时把Turbo编码与type-Ⅲ HARQ混合自动重传请求机制结合以达到更可靠的数据传输保证。通过仿真实验证明,这种设计方法可进一步优化系统在恶劣的无线信道下的链路吞吐量和取得更好的视频重建质量。     

跨层反馈在无线视频自适应编码中的应用

为提高压缩后视频在无线信道中的容错能力,结合当前无线通信系统中广泛使用的自适应调制编码(AMC)技术和自动重传请求(ARQ)技术,提出一种新的基于跨层反馈的自适应编码方案。利用该设计方案,应用层可以利用底层的反馈信息感知到当前的信道变化并调整相应的码控策略来提高视频传输的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,与没有利用跨层反馈的其他方法相比,本文编码策略能提供更好的视频传输质量。     

A network coding based hybrid ARQ algorithm for wireless video broadcast

This paper proposes a network coding (NC) based hybrid ARQ (HARQ) algorithm for video broad- cast over wireless networks. The sender applies NC technique to combine the lost packets of different terminals, so that multiple terminals can recover their lost packets via per transmission from the sender. The proposed algorithm combines the advantage of FEC scheme and NC based ARQ scheme so as to maximize not only wireless throughput but also video quality for broadcast communication. Simulation results show tha...     

A framework of cross-layer design for multiple video streams in wireless mesh networks

In this paper, a novel cross-layer design framework for multiple realtime video traffics in CDMA wireless mesh networks is proposed. First, the performances of application, physical, MAC, and network layers are modeled by some classical models under reasonable assumptions. Then, we present a framework in which source coding, power control, ARQ control, and delay partitioning functionalities at different layers can be jointly optimized. Our objective is to maximize the video quality under strict end-to-end delay constraints through adjusting source coding rate, end-to-end delay distribution, and each node’s transmit power. This optimization problem is proved to be a nonlinear but log-convex one. Finally, we propose a centralized solution based on the classical convex programming method, as well as a partially distributed solution based on the Lagrangian dual decomposition technique. The both solutions are proved to converge to the global optimum of the above problem.     

自适应MIMO系统在反馈延时下的性能分析

为了提高无线通信系统的频谱利用率,提出一种简单而实用的开环自适应MIMO系统,利用最优贪婪调度算法,在多用户分集和多天线分集的作用下,有效地改善系统的性能.推导了在反馈存在延时的信道条件下频谱效率和中断概率的闭合表达式、分析了发射天线数、重传、用户数以及延时对系统整体性能的影响.     

Delay Constraint Error Control Protocol for Real-Time Video Communication

Real-time video communication over wireless channels is subject to information loss since wireless links are error-prone and susceptible to noise. Popular wireless link-layer protocols, such as retransmission (ARQ) based 802.11 and hybrid ARQ methods provide some level of reliability while largely ignoring the latency issue which is critical for real-time applications. Therefore, they suffer from low throughput (under high-error rates) and large waiting-times leading to serious degradation of video playback quality. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for video communication which captures the behavior of real-time video traffic at the wireless link-layer while taking into consideration both reliability and latency conditions. Using this framework, we introduce a delay constraint packet embedded error control (DC-PEEC) protocol for wireless link-layer. DC-PEEC ensures reliable and rapid delivery of video packets by employing various channel codes to minimize fluctuations in throughput and provide timely arrival of video. In addition to theoretically analyzing DC-PEEC, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed by simulating real-time video communication over “real” channel traces collected on 802.11b WLANs using H.264/AVC JM14.0 video codec. The experimental results demonstrate performance gains of 5–10 dB for different real-time video scenarios.      

一种水声通信中的自适应ARQ方案

在水声通信系统中,由于水声信道的半双工、时变和长传播时延等特性,导致用于水声通信中的停等自动重传请求(SW ARQ)方案的吞吐性能显著下降。本文首先利用扩频通信技术,将单个信道分成两个子信道：一个用于前向信道(从发送方到接收方),另一个用于反向信道(从接收方到发送方),充分地利用水声信道。在此基础上,结合选择自动重传请求(SRARQ)方案与返回-n自动重传请求(GBNARQ)方案的混合式自动重传请求(SR GBNARQ)方案的优良性能,提出了一种随水声信道的时变特性改变分组长度的自适应ARQ方案。仿真结果表明：该方案能有效地提高水声通信系统的吞吐性能。     

An adaptive ARQ–HARQ interworking scheme in WiMAX systems

For reliable data transmissions, WiMAX systems support automatic repeat query (ARQ) that operates at the upper MAC and hybrid automatic repeat query (HARQ) that operates at the lower MAC and PHY. ARQ and HARQ schemes have their own weakness that results in low throughput and high delay in WiMAX systems. Although ARQ and HARQ schemes can complement with each other, they operate independently. Some studies focus on the benefits of the interaction between ARQ and HARQ schemes, but these studies have limitations. In this paper, we propose an adaptive ARQ and HARQ interworking scheme to provide reliable transmissions without performance degradation in WiMAX systems. The proposed scheme has five features that are designed to solve the weaknesses of the ARQ and HARQ schemes. We compare the proposed scheme with existing schemes that utilize the ARQ and HARQ interaction through simulations, and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme shows improved performance over existing schemes.     

An efficient delay-constrained ARQ scheme for MMT packet-based real-time video streaming over IP networks

The MPEG has recently Querydeveloped a new standard, MPEG media transport (MMT), for the next-generation hybrid media delivery service over IP networks considering the emerging convergence of digital broadcast and broadband services. On account of the heterogeneous characteristics of broadcast and broadband networks, MMT provides an efficient delivery timing model to enable inter-network synchronization, measure various kinds of transmission delays and jitters caused by the transmission delay, and re-adjust the timing relationship between the MMT packets to ensure synchronized playback. By exploiting the delivery timing model, it is possible to accurately estimate the round-trip time (RTT) experienced during MMT packet transmission. Based on the measured RTT, we propose an efficient delay-constrained automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme, which is applicable to MMT packet-based real-time video streaming service over IP networks. In the proposed ARQ scheme, the receiver buffer fullness at the time of packet loss detection is used to compute the arrival deadline, which is the maximum allowed time for completing the requesting and retransmitting of the lost MMT packet. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed delay-constrained ARQ scheme can not only provide reliable error recovery, but it also achieves significant bandwidth savings by reducing the number of wastefully retransmitted packets that arrive at the receiver side and exceed the allowed arrival deadline.