一种新的基于奇异值分解的小波域盲水印*

目前,如何增强鲁棒性水印抵抗几何攻击尤其是旋转攻击的鲁棒性,仍是水印研究者研究的难点。为此,结合奇异值分解的特性和小波变换的优点,提出一种新的基于奇异值分解的小波域盲水印算法,对于常见的几何攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。首先对小波分解后的低频子带分块以提高水印的嵌入容量,再对各子块进行奇异值分解,将Arnold置乱后的水印嵌入到奇异值中,并使用量化方法增强水印的鲁棒性。实验表明,该算法对于常见的几何攻击特别是旋转攻击具有很强的鲁棒性,也能够抵抗JPEG2000压缩等信号处理。     

基于奇异值分解的彩色图像水印算法

针对基于量化的嵌入方法不能抵抗亮度增强等攻击而基于关系的嵌入方法抵抗常见的攻击能力较弱等缺点, 提出了一种混合量化和关系嵌入方法的彩色图像水印算法。该算法先对彩色图像的每一分量进行互不重叠的大小为8×8的分块, 借助密钥选取待嵌入水印的分块并对选取的分块进行1级离散小波变换和分别对低频子带与高频子带进行奇异值分解, 在低频和高频子带奇异值分解后的奇异值矩阵分别采用量化和关系的嵌入策略嵌入预处理后的水印。实验表明, 该算法实现简单, 具有较好的不可见性。与其他算法相比, 该算法具有更好的鲁棒性能。     

SVD和DWT数字水印算法的应用研究

研究数字图像版权保护问题,由于数字媒体在网上易被复制篡改.针对单纯奇异值分解或小波变换水印算法均存在抵抗攻击差的难题.为了更好的保护数字图像版权,提了一种奇异值分解与小波变换相结合的数字水印算法.首先对水印图像进行置乱处理并对原始图像进行分块,从中找到符合要求的最佳水印嵌入子块,然后对所选择的最佳子块进行小波变换,对子块的低频系数进行奇异值分解,最后将水印嵌入各于块的奇异值中进行仿真.结果表明,水印算法能够很好的抵抗多种攻击,水印具有很好的鲁棒性和不可见性,克服了奇异值分解和小波变换水印算法缺陷,为设计提供了依据.     

奇异值分解小波变换的数字水印算法研究

研究保护版权信息安全间题,针对实现水印的稳健性和不可见性,保护合法用户,使数据水印保护有良好的鲁棒性,在传统奇异值分解和小波变换水印技术基础上,提了一种奇异值分解与小波变换相结合的数字水印算法.算法首先对水印图像进行置乱处理并原始载体图像进行分块,从原始载体中找到最佳水印嵌入子块,然后对最佳子块进行小波变换,同时对子块的低频系数进行奇异值分解,最后将水印嵌入各载体图像子块的奇异值中,实现了图像水印嵌入.实验结果表明,水印算法能够很好的抵抗多种攻击,水印具有很好的鲁棒性和不可见性,提高了图像水印的抗击能力,为版权保护提供有效方法.     

一种鲁棒的变换域数字水印算法

本文提出了一种基于离散小波变换（DWT）和奇异值分解（SVD）的混合水印方案。在该方案中,首先把原始载体图像分成多个分块（32×32）,然后对各个分块进行离散小波变换得到四个子带,之后对低频子带应用奇异值分解,并修改每个分块低频子带的最大奇异值．从而嵌入水印图像的各个奇异值。实验证明该算法对于常用的各种图像处理攻击具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于SVD的彩色图像盲水印算法

为了更好地保护数字产品的版权,本文提出了一种提升小波变换与奇异值分解相结合的彩色图像数字水印算法。提升小波变换运算速度快,能够对任意尺寸图像进行变换;奇异值分解具有几何不变性,并且体现图像的内蕴特性。算法充分利用提升小波变换和奇异值分解的优良特性,选择彩色图像的蓝色通道进行水印嵌入。首先对原始图像进行多级提升小波变换,然后选取中低频子带进行奇异值分解,将灰度水印图像进行Arnold置乱后分成四个部分嵌入所选子带的部分奇异值矩阵中。在水印提取时不需要原始载体图像,更加有利于实际中的应用。实验表明,该算法具有良好的透明性,而且对大部分常见攻击及几何攻击有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT-SVD的奇异向量量化水印算法

提出了一种新颖的可用于版权保护的小波奇异值分解的量化水印算法。与传统的水印比特信息直接嵌入小波系数不同,水印信息被量化嵌入原始图像小波低频子带分块奇异值分解得到的奇异向量中。水印提取无需原始图像,可在密钥和量化阂值控制下实现盲提取。实验表明,含水印图像质量好且能较好地抵抗常规的图像处理,对JPEG压缩具有优异的鲁棒性。     

基于分块奇异值分解的小波域水印算法

对于一般有意义灰度水印,如何在不可见性下增大水印嵌入容量,增强鲁棒性仍是水印研究学者研究的重要内容.根据奇异值分解的特性,结合小波变换与人类视觉系统的某些特性接近的良好特点,提出了一种基于分块奇异值分解的小波域鲁棒水印算法.算法首先将灰度水印信息分为重要信息和次要信息两部分,然后在小波域对宿主图像小波分解后的高频和低频系数分别进行分块奇异值分解,再把经过置乱变换的重要信息部分和次要信息部分分块DCT变换,将变换后的水印信息分别嵌入低频和高频系数分块奇异值分解的奇异值中.实验结果与分析表明:水印算法能嵌入大容量水印,且能抵抗大多数图像攻击,是一种可行的算法.     

一个基于DWT的自适应数字水印算法

本文提出了一个新的DWT域自适应数字水印算法。该算法利用小波域高、低频部分嵌入水印的优势互补特点,在载体图像的高频和低频子带分别嵌入相同水印来增强水印抵抗多种攻击的能力;水印的嵌入采用量化调制方式,其量化步长可根据人类视觉系统和载体图像的局部特点自适应地调整。此外,由于奇异值分解具有良好的性能,因而被用于高频部分水印的嵌入以提高其鲁棒性。实验结果表明水印具有良好的鲁棒性和不可见性,与相近算法相比,本文方法可以有效抵抗更多的攻击。     

NMF和增强奇异值分解的自适应零水印算法

针对奇异值分解水印算法导致虚警率高、稳健性不强的问题,提出一种基于分块非负矩阵分解（non-negative matrix factionzation,NMF）和增强奇异值分解（BN-SVD）相结合的自适应零水印算法。首先将原始灰度图像进行二级离散小波变换（DWT）,对变换后的二级低频子带（LL2）进行不重叠分块,并对每一个子块进行秩为◢r◣的NMF分解;然后对NMF分解得到的特征矩阵采用增强奇异值分解,依据每一个块矩阵的最大奇异值与整体最大奇异值均值的大小关系构成特征向量;利用生成的特征向量与经过Arnold变换与混沌映射双重置乱加密水印图像作异或运算生成零水印,并利用天牛须优化算法（BAS）自适应确定增强奇异值分解中最抗攻击缩放比例的参数◢β。实验结果表明,在虚警问题上NC值达◣到0.4以下,JPEG压缩、噪声、滤波、旋转、剪切以及混合攻击下,提取水印图像与原水印图像的归一化系数◢NC◣值均可达到99%以上,该方案高效地解决了虚警问题,具有较强的稳健性,能够有效地抵抗各种攻击。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。