多关节机械臂轨迹跟踪自适应神经网络滑模控制

针对不确定干扰和建模误差对多关节机械臂轨迹跟踪控制系统造成的不良影响,对基于滑模控制的自适应神经网络滑模控制算法进行了研究。通过神经网络,对多关节机械臂轨迹跟踪控制系统的不确定干扰和建模误差进行逼近。添加自适应项,补偿神经网络滑模控制中神经网络模型对系统中的不确定干扰和建模误差的逼近误差。设计了具有指数趋近律的滑模面,以提升多关节机械臂轨迹跟踪控制系统的鲁棒性和响应速度。使用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了多关节机械臂轨迹跟踪控制系统的半全局稳定性,并通过MATLAB对理论结果进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,对具有不确定干扰和建模误差的多关节机械臂轨迹跟踪控制系统,采用该算法进行轨迹跟踪时,具有较好的稳定性与鲁棒性。该控制算法能合理应用到此类轨迹跟踪控制系统中。     

基于RBF神经网络的机械臂自适应控制方法

针对机械臂受内部摩擦和时变扰动等不确定性因素的影响,其轨迹跟踪控制系统的跟踪精度会下降,且影响系统的稳定性,提出一种基于径向基函数神经网络的自适应控制方法。首先,利用RBF神经网络采用离线训练和在线学习的方式对机械臂的动力学模型进行辨识;其次针对机械臂控制系统中的摩擦,设计RBF神经网络自适应控制算法对其进行逼近得到补偿控制量。针对时变扰动和神经网络逼近误差设计鲁棒项,以克服众多不确定性因素带来的影响,同时通过构造李亚普诺夫函数对所设计的控制系统进行稳定性分析;最后,仿真实验结果证明提出的控制方法具有较高的跟踪精度、抗干扰能力和较强的鲁棒性。     

基于FNN的覆冰机器人越障机械臂轨迹跟踪控制

覆冰机器人除冰时要跨越各种障碍物。采用卡尔曼滤波学习算法,将自适应模糊神经网络控制器用于覆冰机器人越障时的机械臂轨迹跟踪控制,解决了BP算法实时性差的问题。经过仿真实验论证,该方法对覆冰机器人越障时的机械臂轨迹跟踪控制具有很好的效果,表明控制策略和理论分析的可行性。     

基于神经网络机械臂自适应控制的研究与实现

提出了一种基于神经网络的机械臂自适应控制方法,该方法主要利用DIRECT模型,采用八叉树算法构建基于空间的神经网络,避免建立复杂的机械臂运动学模型,通过随机映射的方法建立机械臂与运动空间的关系,实现了自适应轨迹规划.仿真实验结果表明,所提出的机械臂自适应控制方法更容易实现.     

机械臂卷积神经网络滑模轨迹跟踪控制

针对工业技术的发展对于多关节机械臂的精度与快速控制高要求,提出了一种机械臂卷积神经网络滑模轨迹跟踪控制方法。分析机械臂动力学方程,提取其中的不确定部分,针对不确定部分,构建深度卷积神经网络对其进行补偿,将补偿部分引入到滑模控制律中,通过改进后的滑模控制实现对机械臂轨迹跟踪的精确控制,并通过构建Lyapunov函数论证了系统的稳定性。仿真结果显示该方法能够满足轨迹跟踪要求,且减小了抖振现象。通过与其余三种典型控制方法的对比,测试结果表明,该方法加快了轨迹跟踪误差的收敛,且跟踪精度有了明显的提高。     

基于指数趋近律的机械臂神经网络滑模控制

为解决机械臂轨迹跟踪控制中存在建模不确定性以及外界干扰及摩擦造成的控制效果不理想等问题。利用神经网络对建模的不确定项进行逼近,本文提出一种基于指数趋近律的神经网络滑模控制对机械臂完成轨迹跟踪控制。采用二自由度的刚性机械臂为控制对象进行实验,仿真结果表明,该控制方法能缓解外部干扰对控制系统的影响,保证系统的稳定性,有效地提高系统的控制性能。     

改进RBFNN求机械臂轨迹跟踪的研究

为了使机械臂准确跟踪目标轨迹,达到控制精度高、实时性好的目的,提出一种改进的径向基函数（RBF）模糊神经网络算法。该算法采用模糊遗传算法在线调整神经模糊控制器的参数,对其参数进行改进和优化,同时采用最近邻聚类算法对控制器的模糊规则库进行更新。仿真结果表明,该算法与传统的神经网络算法相比具有较好的性能,学习速度快,跟踪精度高,并具有良好的控制性能和自学习能力。     

基于速度观测模型的可重构机械臂补偿控制

针对可重构机械臂动力学中存在的模型参数摄动和外界扰动,本文阐述了一种基于速度观测模型的模糊RBF神经网络补偿控制算法.利用Lyapunov函数给出了网络的权值、隶属度函数中心和宽度倒数的在线更新律,并证明了所提出的观测模型及其补偿控制算法的最终一致有界性.最后以RRP(revolute-revolute-prismatic)构形的可重构机械臂为例,通过仿真研究了算法对轨迹跟踪问题的有效性,同时与基于速度观测模型的RBF神经网络补偿控制进行了仿真对比及分析,给出了神经网络和模糊神经网络在可重构机械臂轨迹控制应用中各自的优缺点.     

考虑柔性关节的机械臂自适应运动控制策略研究

具有柔性关节的轻型机械臂因其自重轻、响应迅速、操作灵活等优点,取得了广泛应用;针对具有柔性关节的机械臂系统的关节空间轨迹跟踪控制系统动力学参数不精确的问题,提出一种结合滑模变结构设计的自适应控制器算法;通过自适应控制的思想对系统动力学参数进行在线辨识,并采用Lyapunov方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性;仿真结果表明,该控制策略保证了机械臂系统对期望轨迹的快速跟踪,具有良好的跟踪精度,系统具有稳定性。     

基于三步法的机械臂轨迹跟踪控制

考虑机械臂末端轨迹跟踪控制问题,以跟踪逆运动学求解出的末端期望轨迹对应的各关节期望角度为控制目标.设计了一种基于三步法的控制器,该控制器由类稳态控制、可变参考前馈控制和误差反馈控制3部分组成.证明了该控制器可以通过控制机械臂的各关节力矩实现各关节实际角度对期望角度的状态跟踪,进而使得末端轨迹渐近跟踪期望轨迹,并且跟踪误差是输入到状态稳定的.仿真表明基于三步法控制器的空间机械臂末端可以渐近跟踪期望轨迹,并且该算法可以克服系统的末端负载质量变化等不确定性的影响.     

Real-time behavior-based robot control

Behavior-based systems form the basis of autonomous control for many robots, but there is a need to ensure these systems respond in a timely manner. Unexpected latency can adversely affect the quality of an autonomous system’s operations, which in turn can affect lives and property in the real-world. A robots ability to detect and handle external events is paramount to providing safe and dependable operation. This paper presents a concurrent version of a behavior-based system called the Real-Time Unified Behavior Framework, which establishes a responsive basis of behavior-based control that does not bind the system developer to any single behavior hierarchy. The concurrent design of the framework is based on modern software engineering principles and only specifies a functional interface for components, leaving the implementation details to the developers. In addition, the individual behaviors are executed by a real-time scheduler, guaranteeing the responsiveness of routines that are critical to the autonomous system’s safe operation. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this approach to provide predictable temporal operation, independent of fluctuations in high-level computational loads.     

Finite-time control for robot manipulators

Finite-time control of the robot system is studied through both state feedback and dynamic output feedback control. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by both theoretical analysis and computer simulation. In addition to offering an alternative approach for improving the design of the robot regulator, this research also extends the study of the finite-time control problem from second-order systems to a large class of higher order nonlinear systems.     

Design of robot control systems

An expository discussion on practical aspects of the design problems of robot control systems is presented. The first section discusses the present status of robot control methodology based on the so-called 'teaching and playback' control scheme. It is pointed out that PTP (point to point) control is still central in practice because only a sort of pulse-incremental servo controller is implemented for each joint actuator in actual industrial robots. The second section points out that servo controllers of this kind perform approximately as a PD or PID controller, and demonstrates that such PD and PID control schemes can work well even if the robot dynamics are non-linear and have strong couplings between the joint variables. The third section deals with path-tracking and trajectory-tracking control problems when teaching by human operators is not possible. This is then followed by a final but substantial section on recent results on learning control and adaptive control. An example of learning control for robot motions is given and its potential applicability in robotic systems is discussed.     

Evolving robot morphology and control

Most robotic approaches beging with a fixed robot hardware design and then experiment with control structures. We take a different approach that considers both the robot hardware and the control structure as variables in the evolution process. This paper reports the results of experiments which explore the placement of sensors and effectors around the perimeter of a simulated agent's body, and the neural network (NNet) that controls them. This work was presented in part at the Fourth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 19–22, 1999     

Flexible control for robot manipulators

We designed, implemented, and tested a real-time flexible controller for manipulating different types of robots and control algorithms. The robot-independent, IBM PC-based multiprocessor system contains a DSP56001 master controller, six independent HCTL-1100 joint processors for accurate robotic joint control, and an interface computer board for processor communication. The joint processors operate in four user-defined modes and can be connected directly to an incremental optical encoder, which accommodates specialized applications and eliminates extra hardware     

Gesture recognition based human–robot interactive control for robot soccer

Microsystem Technologies - This paper proposes an interaction method in human gestures for controlling robot play soccer. It aims to design a human–robot interactive control scheme let a...     

Hybrid adaptive control for robot manipulators

A hybrid adaptive control scheme is proposed for robot manipulators. Unmodelled dynamics have been considered in the robot model. The standard RLS algorithm has been modified to take into account these unmodelled dynamics. Global stability of the system is ensured.     

Terminal slider control of robot systems

Many robotic systems would, in the future, be required to operate in environments that are highly unstructured (with varying dynamical properties) and active (possessing means of self-actuation). Although a significant volume of results exist in model-based, robust and adaptive control literature, many issues pertinent to the stabilization of contact interactions with unpredictable environments remain unresolved, especially in dealing with large magnitude and high frequency parametric uncertainties. The primary intent of this paper is nonlinear control synthesis for robotic operations in unstructured environments. We introduce the notion oftime constrained terminal convergence for controlled systems, and propose an approach to nonlinear control synthesis based upon a new class of sliding modes, denotedterminal sliders. Terminal controllers that enforce finite convergence to equilibrium are synthesized for an example nonlinear system (with and without parametric uncertainties). Improved performance is demonstrated through the elimination of high frequency control switching, employed previously for robustness to parametric uncertainties [2]. The dependence of terminal slider stability upon the rate of change of uncertainties over the sliding surface, rather than the magnitude of the uncertainty itself, results in improved control robustness. Improved reliability is demonstrated through the elimination ofinterpolation regions [2]. Finally, improved (guaranteed) precision is argued for through an analysis of steady state behavior.A preliminary version of this paper appeared as a JPL Engineering Memorandum # 347-90-284, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, December 1990.     

液压机器人的预测函数控制

针对液压机器人系统存在较大的不确定性及干扰 ,其特征参数将随工况的变化和外载及环境的影响产生大幅度变动的特点 ,提出一种预测函数控制 (PFC)和 PID相结合的新方法。该方法相当于一个 PFC- P控制结构 ,通过其本身内环来克服随机干扰 ,外环采用预测函数控制来获得优良的跟踪性能和鲁棒性 ,实现目标和控制的分层。仿真结果表明 ,该 PFC- P控制方法能兼顾跟踪性、鲁棒性和抗干扰性等性能指标 ,可获得满意的控制效果