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1.
When two-dimensional graphene is exfoliated from three-dimensional highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), ripples or corrugations
always exist due to the intrinsic thermal fluctuations. Surface-grown graphenes also exhibit wrinkles, which are larger in
dimension and are thought to be caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between graphene and the underlying
substrate in the cooling process after high temperature growth. For further characterization and applications, it is necessary
to transfer the surface-grown graphenes onto dielectric substrates, and other wrinkles are generated during this process.
Here, we focus on the wrinkles of transferred graphene and demonstrate that the surface morphology of the growth substrate
is the origin of the new wrinkles which arise in the surface-to-surface transfer process; we call these morphology-induced
wrinkles. Based on a careful statistical analysis of thousands of atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic data, we have
concluded that these wrinkles on transferred few-layer graphene (typically 1–3 layers) are determined by both the growth substrate
morphology and the transfer process. Depending on the transfer medium and conditions, most of the wrinkles can be either erased
or preserved. Our work suggests a new route for graphene engineering involving structuring the growth substrate and tailoring
the transfer process.
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2.
Yanfeng Zhang Teng Gao Shubao Xie Boya Dai Lei Fu Yabo Gao Yubin Chen Mengxi Liu Zhongfan Liu 《Nano Research》2012,5(6):402-411
Graphene growth on the same metal substrate with different crystal morphologies, such as single crystalline and polycrystalline,
may involve different mechanisms. We deal with this issue by preparing graphene on single crystal Ni(111) and on ∼300 nm thick
Ni films on SiO2 using an ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method, and analyze the different growth behaviors for different
growth parameters by atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and complementary macroscopic analysis methods.
Interestingly, we obtained monolayer graphene on Ni(111), and multilayer graphene on Ni films under the same growth conditions.
Based on the experimental results, it is proposed that the graphene growth on Ni(111) is strongly templated by the Ni(111)
lattice due to the strong Ni-C interactions, leading to monolayer graphene growth. Multilayer graphene flakes formed on polycrystalline
Ni films are usually stacked with deviations from the Bernal stacking type and show small rotations among the carbon layers.
Considering the different substrate features, the inevitable grain boundaries on polycrystalline Ni films are considered to
serve as the growth fronts for bilayer and even multilayer graphene.
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3.
Jessica Campos-Delgado Luiz G. Cançado Carlos A. Achete Ado Jorio Jean-Pierre Raskin 《Nano Research》2013,6(4):269-274
Bilayer graphene with a twist angle θ between the layers generates a superlattice structure known as a Moiré pattern. This superlattice provides a θ-dependent q wavevector that activates phonons in the interior of the Brillouin zone. Here we show that this superlattice-induced Raman scattering can be used to probe the phonon dispersion in twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG). The effect reported here is different from the widely studied double-resonance in graphene-related materials in many aspects, and despite the absence of stacking order in tBLG, layer breathing vibrations (namely ZO’ phonons) are observed. 相似文献
4.
We analyze the chemical bonding in graphene using a fragmental approach, the adaptive natural density partitioning method,
electron sharing indices, and nucleus-independent chemical shift indices. We prove that graphene is aromatic, but its aromaticity
is different from the aromaticity in benzene, coronene, or circumcoronene. Aromaticity in graphene is local with two π-electrons
delocalized over every hexagon ring. We believe that the chemical bonding picture developed for graphene will be helpful for
understanding chemical bonding in defects such as point defects, single-, double-, and multiple vacancies, carbon adatoms,
foreign adatoms, substitutional impurities, and new materials that are derivatives of graphene.
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5.
Yunzhou Xue Bin Wu Yunlong Guo Liping Huang Lang Jiang Jianyi Chen Dechao Geng Yunqi Liu Wenping Hu Gui Yu 《Nano Research》2011,4(12):1208-1214
We demonstrate a simple and controllable way to synthesize large-area, few-layer graphene on iron substrates by an optimized
chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a mixture of methane and hydrogen. Based on an analysis of the Fe-C phase diagram,
a suitable procedure for the successful synthesis of graphene on Fe surfaces was designed. An appropriate temperature and
cooling process were found to be very important in the synthesis of highly crystalline few-layer graphene. Graphene-based
field-effect transistor (FET) devices were fabricated using the resulting few-layer graphene, and showed good quality with
extracted mobilities of 300–1150 cm2/(V·s).
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6.
A series of inkjet printing processes have been studied using graphene-based inks. Under optimized conditions, using water-soluble
single-layered graphene oxide (GO) and few-layered graphene oxide (FGO), various high image quality patterns could be printed
on diverse flexible substrates, including paper, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyimide (PI), with a simple and
low-cost inkjet printing technique. The graphene-based patterns printed on plastic substrates demonstrated a high electrical
conductivity after thermal reduction, and more importantly, they retained the same conductivity over severe bending cycles.
Accordingly, flexible electric circuits and a hydrogen peroxide chemical sensor were fabricated and showed excellent performances,
demonstrating the applications of this simple and practical inkjet printing technique using graphene inks. The results show
that graphene materials-which can be easily produced on a large scale and possess outstanding electronic properties-have great
potential for the convenient fabrication of flexible and low-cost graphene-based electronic devices, by using a simple inkjet
printing technique.
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7.
Jian Zheng Hongtao Liu Bin Wu Yunlong Guo Ti Wu Gui Yu Yunqi Liu Daoben Zhu 《Nano Research》2011,4(7):705-711
We report a simple method to produce graphene nanospheres (GNSs) by annealing graphene oxide (GO) solution at high-temperature
with the assistance of sparks induced by the microwave absorption of graphite flakes dispersed in the solution. The GNSs were
formed by rolling up of the annealed GO, and the diameters were mostly in the range 300–700 nm. The GNS exhibited a hollow
sphere structure surrounded by graphene walls with a basal spacing of 0.34 nm. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy of the GNSs confirmed that the GO was efficiently reduced during the fabrication process. The resulting GNSs
may open up new opportunities both for fundamental research and applications, and this method may be extended to the synthesis
of other nanomaterials and the fabrication of related nanostructures.
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8.
A convective assembly technique at the micron scale analogous to the writing action of a “pipette pen” has been developed
for the linear assembly of gold nanoparticle strips with micron scale width and millimeter scale length for surface enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS). The arrays with interparticle gaps smaller than 3 nm are hexagonally stacked in the vicinity of the
pipette tip. Variable numbers of stacked layers and clean surfaces of the assembled nanoparticles are obtained by optimizing
the velocity of the pipette tip. The SERS properties of the assembled nanoparticle arrays rely on their stacking number and
surface cleanliness.
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9.
An individual suspended graphene sheet was connected to a scanning tunneling microscopy probe inside a transmission electron
microscope, and Joule heated to high temperatures. At high temperatures and under electron beam irradiation, the few-layer
graphene sheets were removed layer-by-layer in the viewing area until a monolayer graphene was formed. The layer-by-layer
peeling was initiated at vacancies in individual graphene layers. The vacancies expanded to form nanometer-sized holes, which
then grew along the perimeter and propagated to both the top and bottom layers of a bilayer graphene joined by a bilayer edge.
The layer-by-layer peeling was induced by atom sublimation caused by Joule heating and facilitated by atom displacement caused
by high-energy electron irradiation, and may be harnessed to control the layer thickness of graphene for device applications.
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10.
Chengzhou Zhu Shaojun Guo Youxing Fang Lei Han Erkang Wang Shaojun Dong 《Nano Research》2011,4(7):648-657
We have demonstrated a one-step and effective electrochemical method to synthesize graphene/MnO2 nanowall hybrids (GMHs). Graphene oxide (GO) was electrochemically reduced to graphene (GN), accompanied by the simultaneous
formation of MnO2 with a nanowall morphology via cathodic electrochemical deposition. The morphology and structure of the GMHs were systematically
characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and
Raman spectroscopy. The resulting GMHs combine the advantages of GN and the nanowall array morphology of MnO2 in providing a conductive network of amorphous nanocomposite, which shows good electrochemical capacitive behavior. This
simple approach should find practical applications in the large-scale production of GMHs.
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11.
Wen Qian Rui Hao Yanglong Hou Yuan Tian Chengmin Shen Hongjun Gao Xuelei Liang 《Nano Research》2009,2(9):706-712
Monolayer and bilayer graphene sheets have been produced by a solvothermal-assisted exfoliation process in a highly polar
organic solvent, acetonitrile, using expanded graphite (EG) as the starting material. It is proposed that the dipole-induced
dipole interactions between graphene and acetonitrile facilitate the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene. The facile and
effective solvothermal-assisted exfoliation process raises the low yield of graphene reported in previous syntheses to 10
wt%–12 wt%. By means of centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 90 min, monolayer and bilayer graphene were separated effectively without
the need to add a stabilizer or modifier. Electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicate that the resulting graphene
sheets are high quality products without any significant structural defects.
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12.
Sodium citrate: A universal reducing agent for reduction / decoration of graphene oxide with au nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhe Zhang Huihui Chen Chunyan Xing Mingyi Guo Fugang Xu Xiaodan Wang Hermann J. Gruber Bailin Zhang Jilin Tang 《Nano Research》2011,4(6):599-611
A facile method is proposed for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGONS) and Au nanoparticle-reduced graphene
oxide nanosheet (Au-RGONS) hybrid materials, using graphene oxide (GO) as precursor and sodium citrate as reductant and stabilizer.
The resulting RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and
X-ray diffraction. It was found that the RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid materials formed stable colloidal dispersions through hydrogen
bonds between the residual oxygen-containing functionalities on the surface of RGONS and the hydroxyl/carboxyl groups of sodium
citrate. The electrochemical responses of RGONS and Au-RGONS hybrid material-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to three
kinds of biomolecules were investigated, and all of them showed a remarkable increase in electrochemical performance relative
to a bare GCE.
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13.
We present molecular dynamics simulation evidence for a freezing transition from liquid silicon to quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D)
bilayer silicon in a slit nanopore. This new quasi-2D polymorph of silicon exhibits a bilayer hexagonal structure in which
the covalent coordination number of every silicon atom is four. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations show that the stand-alone
bilayer silicon (without the confinement) is still stable at 400 K. Electronic band-structure calculations suggest that the
bilayer hexagonal silicon is a quasi-2D semimetal, similar to a graphene monolayer, but with an indirect zero band gap.
相似文献
14.
Yabo Gao Yanfeng Zhang Jun Ren Denghua Li Teng Gao Ruiqi Zhao Yanlian Yang Sheng Meng Chen Wang Zhongfan Liu 《Nano Research》2012,5(8):543-549
Due to strong interactions between epitaxial graphene and SiC(0001) substrates, the overlayer charge density induced by the
interface charging effect is much more attenuated than that of exfoliated graphene on SiO2. We report herein a quantitive detection of the charge properties of few-layer graphene by surface potential measurements
using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM). A minor difference in surface potential is observed to mediate a sequential assembly
of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) on monolayer, bilayer and trilayer graphenes, as demonstrated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In order to understand
this, we further executed density functional theory (DFT) calculations which showed higher adsorption energies for Pc on thinner
graphenes. In this case, we attribute the unique growth behavior of Pc to its variable adsorption energies on few-layer graphene,
and in turn the layer charge variations from the viewpoint of energy minimizations. This work is expected to provide fundamental
data useful for related nanodevice fabrications.
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15.
The development of efficient energy storage devices with high capacity and excellent stability is a demanding necessary to
satisfy future societal and environmental needs. A hybrid material composed of low defect density graphene-supported Ni(OH)2 sheets has been fabricated via a soft chemistry route and investigated as an advanced electrochemical pseudocapacitor material.
The low defect density graphene effectively prevents the restacking of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as well as boosting the conductivity of the hybrid electrodes, giving a dramatic rise in capacity performance
of the overall system. Moreover, graphene simultaneously acts as both nucleation center and template for the in situ growth
of smooth and large scale Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. By virtue of the unique two-dimensional nanostructure of graphene, the as-obtained Ni(OH)2 sheets are closely protected by graphene, effectively suppressing their microstructural degradation during the charge and
discharge processes, enabling an enhancement in cycling capability. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the specific
capacitance of the as-obtained composite is high as 1162.7 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and 1087.9 F/g at a current density
of 1.5 A/g. In addition, there was no marked decrease in capacitance at a current density of 10·A/g after 2000 cycles, suggesting
excellent long-term cycling stability.
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16.
High frequency performance limits of graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) down to a channel length of 20 nm have been
examined by using self-consistent quantum simulations. The results indicate that although Klein band-to-band tunneling is
significant for sub-100 nm graphene FETs, it is possible to achieve a good transconductance and ballistic on-off ratio larger
than 3 even at a channel length of 20 nm. At a channel length of 20 nm, the intrinsic cut-off frequency remains at a few THz
for various gate insulator thickness values, but a thin gate insulator is necessary for a good transconductance and smaller
degradation of cut-off frequency in the presence of parasitic capacitance. The intrinsic cut-off frequency is close to the
LC characteristic frequency set by graphene kinetic inductance (L) and quantum capacitance (C), which is about 100 GHz·μm divided by the gate length.
相似文献
17.
Hailiang Wang Yongye Liang Tissaphern Mirfakhrai Zhuo Chen Hernan Sanchez Casalongue Hongjie Dai 《Nano Research》2011,4(8):729-736
Supercapacitors operating in aqueous solutions are low cost energy storage devices with high cycling stability and fast charging
and discharging capabilities, but generally suffer from low energy densities. Here, we grow Ni(OH)2 nanoplates and RuO2 nanoparticles on high quality graphene sheets in order to maximize the specific capacitances of these materials. We then
pair up a Ni(OH)2/graphene electrode with a RuO2/graphene electrode to afford a high performance asymmetrical supercapacitor with high energy and power density operating
in aqueous solutions at a voltage of ∼1.5 V. The asymmetrical supercapacitor exhibits significantly higher energy densities
than symmetrical RuO2-RuO2 supercapacitors or asymmetrical supercapacitors based on either RuO2-carbon or Ni(OH)2-carbon electrode pairs. A high energy density of ∼48 W·h/kg at a power density of ∼0.23 kW/kg, and a high power density of
∼21 kW/kg at an energy density of ∼14 W·h/kg have been achieved with our Ni(OH)2/graphene and RuO2/graphene asymmetrical supercapacitor. Thus, pairing up metal-oxide/graphene and metal-hydroxide/graphene hybrid materials
for asymmetrical supercapacitors represents a new approach to high performance energy storage.
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18.
Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have investigated the kinetics of the graphene edge folding process. The lower
limit of the energy barrier is found to be ∼380 meV/? (or about 800 meV per edge atom) and ∼50 meV/? (or about 120 meV per
edge atom) for folding the edges of intrinsic clean single-layer graphene (SLG) and double-layer graphene (DLG), respectively.
However, the edge folding barriers can be substantially reduced by imbalanced chemical adsorption, such as of H atoms, on
the two sides of graphene along the edges. Our studies indicate that thermal folding is not feasible at room temperature (RT)
for clean SLG and DLG edges and is feasible at high temperature only for DLG edges, whereas chemical folding (with adsorbates)
of both SLG and DLG edges can be spontaneous at RT. These findings suggest that the folded edge structures of suspended graphene
observed in some experiments are possibly due to the presence of adsorbates at the edges.
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19.
Polarized light microscopy (PLM) is used to image individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended in air across
a slit opening. The imaging contrast relies on the strong optical anisotropy typical of SWNTs. We combine PLM with a tunable
light source to enable hyperspectral excitation spectroscopy and nanotube chirality assignment. Comparison with fluorescence
microscopy and spectroscopy confirms the assignment made with PLM. This represents a versatile new approach to imaging SWNTs
and related structures.
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20.
Ionic liquid-assisted one-step hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide composites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We have demonstrated a facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of soluble reduced graphene oxide sheets (RGO) and
the preparation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticle-RGO composites using a modified one-step hydrothermal method. It was found that graphene oxide could be easily
reduced under solvothermal conditions with ascorbic acid as reductant, with concomitant growth of TiO2 particles on the RGO surface. The TiO2-RGO composite has been thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Microscopy techniques (scanning electron microscopy, atomic
force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy) have been employed to probe the morphological characteristics as well
as to investigate the exfoliation of RGO sheets. The TiO2-RGO composite exhibited excellent photocatalysis of hydrogen evolution.
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