Was Babbage's Analytical Engine Intended to Be a Mechanical Model of the Mind?

In the 1830s, Charles Babbage worked on a mechanical computer he dubbed the Analytical Engine. Although some people around Babbage described his invention as though it had authentic mental powers, Babbage refrained from making such claims. He does not, however, seem to have discouraged those he worked with from mooting the idea publicly. This article investigates whether (1) the Analytical Engine was the focus of a covert research program into the mechanism of mentality; (2) Babbage opposed the idea that the Analytical Engine had mental powers but allowed his colleagues to speculate as they saw fit; or (3) Babbage believed such claims to be fanciful, but cleverly used the publicity they engendered to draw public and political attention to his project. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Bad news transmission as a function of the definitiveness of consequences and the relationship between communicator and recipient.

There is ample evidence suggesting (e.g., A. Tesser & S. Rosen, 1975) that people are reluctant to transmit bad news. Research on rumors, on the other hand, suggests that people sometimes are less reluctant to transmit bad news. It is argued that differences between the 2 lines of research include the definitiveness of the consequences of the news and the relationship between communicator and recipient. The influence of these 2 factors on news transmission was investigated in 3 experiments. Results showed that bad news with indefinite consequences was transmitted more often than bad news with definite consequences and that both kinds of bad news were transmitted more often if the recipient was a friend rather than a stranger. Differences in feelings of moral responsibility to transmit the news largely accounted for both effects. The 2 factors did not affect the likelihood of good news transmission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Being the best bearer of bad tidings.

Giving bad news is an unpleasant task, and the medical literature provides numerous guidelines for giving bad news well. However, what people mean by "giving bad news well" is less clear. What should be the goal when communicating bad news? The authors suggest that the goal of news-givers should be to guide recipients toward a desired response and the authors propose a theoretical framework, the Bad News Response Model, for delivering bad news that draws from research in health and social psychology. The model is applicable to all forms of bad news and specifies that three characteristics of the news (controllability, likelihood, and severity) influence which response (Watchful Waiting, Active Change, or Acceptance) will most often lead to the best quality of life for the recipient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children's recall of television and print news: A media comparison study.

An experiment was conducted (a) to compare children's recall of news information presented either audiovisually or in print, and (b) to establish whether the relative effectiveness of both media in conveying the news is dependent on children's reading proficiency and expectation of a memory test. A sample of 152 4th and 6th graders was presented with a sequence of 5 children's news stories, either in their original televised form or in a printed version. In each condition, half of the children were led to expect a memory test, whereas the other children were not. The results of a cued-recall test indicated that children who had watched the news on television remembered more than those who had received the same news in print, regardless of their reading proficiency or expectation of a memory test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Two distinct regions of the CD28 intracytoplasmic domain are involved in the tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav and GTPase activating protein-associated p62 protein

We surveyed 868 community-dwelling older adults about their (a) utilization of media news, (b) opinion of news media coverage of older people, and (c) preferences among terms used by news media to refer to senior citizens. Those with more than high school education read more newspaper news than those with less education. All groups watched TV news more frequently than they read the newspaper. Respondents had reservations about the news media's accuracy in, attitude toward, and interest in stories regarding seniors. Clear education and gender-related patterns emerged, whereas age proved nonsignificant in many analyses. Respondents' preferred reference terms were: (nouns) senior citizen, retiree, senior, and older adult; (adjectives) retired, senior, and mature. Respondents disliked: (nouns) old man/woman, old person, oldster, old timer, and geezer; (adjectives) old, aged, gray, and geriatric.     

建构中国新闻史主体性话语的方法论思考

以戈公振的《中国报学史》和李龙牧的《中国新闻事业史稿》为代表的这两种研究范式都是一种历史叙述的＂普世话语＂,放弃了＂中国＂新闻史的独特性,因此,建构中国新闻史主体性话语应树立中国问题意识,从媒介生存这个角度来探求这种话语的出场路径,立足于新闻自由,在与其他地域媒介生存经验的对比参照中参与全球对话。     

BASF’s new focus

BASF’s industrial coatings unit is to restructure its operations and consolidate.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.     

Mothballed plant

Metal Powder Products has mothballed its Coldwater, Michigan, plant. The PM parts facility dates back to the 1960s.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest metallurgy industry news     

Microwaves studied for commercial ends

The Fraunhofer IFAM Institute in Dresden, Germany is installing a high-temperature microwave-sintering furnace with hybrid heating technology for IFAM's innovative sintering research programme.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.     

Memory for news in young and old adults.

Memory for news stories was studied in 48 young and 48 old adults (20–40 and 60–80 years of age, respectively). Three stories selected from actual news programs were presented in print, audio, and TV formats for study. Young adults recalled a higher proportion of news content than old adults and performed better on source recognition tests. Presentation of the information in a TV format led to better performance than in an audio format for both young and old adults. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that approximately 86% of the age-related variance in news recall was mediated by measures of sensory acuity and processing speed, and commonality analysis revealed that 75% of the age-related variance was mediated jointly by acuity and speed. Findings support common-cause and generalized slowing views of memory impairment in old age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

新闻叙事：确定性与随机性

将混沌学的一对范畴——确定性与随机性引入新闻叙事研究,阐述了传统新闻理论的对真实性、客观性的规定等确定性因素和新闻采制活动中的选择性、新闻采制主体思维的不确定性等随机性因素,以及新闻叙事中确定性与随机性的统一。     

Joint trading

Umicore and Arcelor have agreed to combine non-ferrous and ferro-alloy activities into a trading, marketing and distribution joint venture named Traxys.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.     

Companies weave business webs

Centorr Vacuum Industries, the New Hampshire furnace builder has launched a foreign-language web site to accommodate its changing customer base.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.     

APA report from the Central Office, Washington.

Document highlights American Psychological Association news forwarded through the Central Office. Items include: news on the Community Mental Health Centers programs from the Professional Practice and the Public Interest; the publishing of a casebook by the Committee on Scientific and Professional Ethics and Conduct; news on a recent study that includes projected Changes from the Labor Department and Office of Education; new laws applicable to psychology; The APA Program of Visiting Psychologists in Field (Service) Settings; as well as correspondence forwarded to the Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ASP在开发网站新闻管理系统中的应用

利用ASP技术开发网站新闻管理系统，实现了网站新闻的动态管理，使得对信息的管理更加及时、高效，提高了工作效率。     

Communicating developmental research results to the general public through television.

Describes a project in which developmental psychologists worked cooperatively with producers to create a series of 20 news features (60–250 sec episodes) that were broadcast on the local news of TV stations across the US. Topics included divorce, adolescent abuse, parent–infant attachment, and the visual capabilities of babies. Public relations specialists, an interviewer, and 2 developmental psychologists experienced in TV appearances provided suggestions for developmental psychologists on how to be more effective as sources for news programs, talk shows, and documentaries. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stainless winners

According to American Metal Market, Ford is set to use a record number of PM stainless steel parts in new premium midsize saloons and sport wagons.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.     

New way to the LME

SDS Applications has launched the latest version of its Order Routing connecting to the London Metal Exchange.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.     

基于ADAMS的传动装置的虚拟建模和仿真研究

基于ADAMS软件的Engine模块建立了行星齿轮机构的动力学模型，介绍了在Template中的具体建模过程；针对发动机启动阶段的运动特性，进行了动力学仿真。     

Chinese aerospace titanium melt contract for PSI

A specialist UK atomisation company has won major equipment contract to provide the Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) with a cold-crucible inert gas atomisation system.This is a short news story only. Visit www.metal-powder.net for the latest powder metallurgy industry news.