低聚果糖的纯化方法

低聚果糖具有许多有益的保健功效，为了某些特定人群的使用，需将含量55％的低聚果糖纯化。综述了低聚果糖的纯化方法。     

果糖基转移酶及低聚果糖生产研究进展

详细介绍了果糖基转移酶的来源、性质以及果糖基转移酶和低聚果糖生产,并分析了果糖基转移酶和低聚果糖生产中存在的问题。酶催化合成低聚果糖所需的果糖基转移酶主要来自于微生物,来源于植物的果糖基转移酶不易于提取,尽管材料易得,但很难应用于低聚果糖生产。因此,来自子微生物的果糖基转移酶合成低聚果糖具有广阔的应用前景。     

浅谈菊粉的生产与应用

论述了菊粉的主要生理功能及其提取方法,介绍了近年来菊粉用于生产果糖、低聚果糖的研究和在食品工业中的应用及开发前景。     

果糖生产技术概述

概述了果糖的技术发展和生产技术,介绍了采用菊粉水解、蔗糖水解及淀粉水解异构化等方法制备果葡糖浆技术,以及用模拟移动床(SMB)技术和复盐法、果糖结晶法分离果葡糖的工艺。综合国内外市场现状指出中国果糖市场的发展前景广阔。     

烟草及烟草制品中脱氧果糖嗪含量分析

对烟草及烟草制品中的脱氧果糖嗪测定方法进行研究,确定采用超声波提取,以蒸馏水为提取溶剂测定烟草及烟草制品中的脱氧果糖嗪含量,方法的重复性好（RSD小于5％）、回收率高（大于91％）。采用该方法检测了包括烤烟、白肋烟、香料烟在内的20种烟叶样品和25种卷烟烟丝样品,结果显示在20种烟叶样品中均未检测到脱氧果糖嗪的存在,国产卷烟基本无脱氧果糖嗪的存在或含量极低．而一些进口混合性卷烟则有较高含量的脱氧果糖嗪。     

棕榈酸果糖单酯的提纯分离

为了得到果糖单酯纯品,需要将果糖单酯与未反应的糖及脂肪酸、催化剂、以及其他残留物进行提纯分离。利用混合溶剂萃取的方法,对固定化脂肪酶(Novozym435)促合成的棕榈酸果糖单酯进行了提纯分离研究。结果表明,混合溶剂环己烷乙醇水萃取棕榈酸果糖单酯的纯度可达93.8%,收率达到92.5%,同时确定了萃取的最佳条件是V(环己烷):V(乙醇):V(水)=2∶2∶1,棕榈酸果糖单酯的初始质量浓度在0.48~0.60 mg/mL,温度为60℃。     

低聚果糖的性能及发酵法生产新工艺

介绍了新型功能性食品－低聚果糖的理化与生理特性,提出了发酵法生产低聚果糖的新工艺,为低聚果糖的工业化生产提供了切实可行的路线。     

果糖在高黏度水溶液中的生长模型及机理

果糖是一种高附加值的甜味剂,其水溶液的黏度很高,导致晶体生长速率非常缓慢。利用常规的在线和离线测量方法会因为黏度大和成核而造成测量不准确。这导致果糖晶体在纯水中的生长速率目前尚无可靠数据,难以精确实现果糖工业生产过程的设计及优化。本文通过考察黏度、密度与扩散作用研究了高黏度果糖水溶液中的晶体生长速率。首先,利用旋转黏度计测定了果糖水溶液的黏度,考察了温度、浓度对其黏度的影响,使用经验模型对黏度数据进行了关联。随后利用比重瓶法测定了果糖水溶液的密度,考察了温度、浓度对溶液密度的影响。基于黏度和密度的测定结果,利用自由体积模型预测了果糖饱和水溶液的扩散系数,探究了在高黏度果糖水溶液中影响溶质分子传递过程的关键因素。最后,使用扩散控制的生长模型预测了果糖晶体的理论生长速率。采用单晶生长实验测定了果糖晶体的实际生长速率,将理论生长速率与之进行比较,结果吻合良好。此外,基于扩散控制和实际生长形貌,判断果糖晶体的生长机理属于螺旋错位生长。     

低聚果糖的性能及发酵法生产新工艺

介绍了新型功能性食品———低聚果糖的理化与生理特性,提出了发酵法生产低聚果糖的新工艺,为低聚果糖的工业化生产提供了切实可行的路线     

HPLC-RI测试果葡糖浆中的果糖和葡萄糖

建立并验证了用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器测定果葡糖浆中果糖和葡萄糖含量的检测方法。以水为溶剂,Ca型阳离子交换柱进行分离;以相对保留时间定性,色谱峰面积定量。方法平均回收率为98.33%~102.69%,RSD为0.865%~1.253%,检测限(S/N=3)分别为葡萄糖1.94μg/mL;果糖2.49μg/mL。实验表明该方法对果葡糖浆中的葡萄糖和果糖含量的测试简单、可靠。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。