基于UG NX9.0的汽车管路检具设计系统开发与应用

针对检具设计系统自动化和通用性不足的缺点,以UG/OPEN API为开发工具,开发适用于汽车管路的检具设计系统。引入位置装配约束,实现了检具模块自动装配,同时,录制功能的使用降低了装配约束设计和代码编制的难度。通过装配约束自动识别技术能够识别不同检具的装配约束类型,增强了检具设计系统的通用性,提高了生产效率,得到了很好地应用。     

基于压电陶瓷和DSP的微细电火花线切割机

从机床本体结构、脉冲电源和控制系统三方面介绍了一种微细电火花线切割机。该机床采用压电陶瓷直线电机和光栅尺构成高精密的伺服驱动系统来满足微细、高精度加工的要求。在控制方式上采用PC—DSP主从式控制结构，上位机采用工控机完成管理功能和插补计算，下位机是自行设计的以DSP为核心处理器的控制驱动卡，主要完成对压电陶瓷直线电机的位置控制。该机床采用新型微能脉冲电源实现微小能量可控加工，以达到微细加工的要求。     

无铅压电陶瓷及其应用研究

随着社会可持续发展战略的实施和人们环境意识的加强，无铅压电陶瓷及其应用已成为了当前铁电压电材料及其应用研究的热点。本文根据近期国内外有关无铅压电陶瓷的发展，结合本课题组肖定全教授等近年在无铅压电陶瓷的研究，对无铅压电陶瓷的研究进展及应用现状进行了综述，重点介绍了BaTiO3基、Bi1／2Na1／2TiO3基、碱金属铌酸盐基、钨青铜结构和铋层状结构五大体系无铅压电陶瓷的性能、本课题组主要发明的无铅压电陶瓷体系以及BNT基无铅压电陶瓷在滤波器上的应用和发展前景。     

CMM离线检测在逆向设计模型改进中的应用

目前逆向工程主要采用逆向设计软件和CAD系统（如Geomagic，UG等）对点云进行拟合，并以此来评估几何型面拟合误差，而对设计模型的配合型面位置约束检测方法的研究则相对缺乏。为了在设计早期就能提前发现逆向设计模型的缺陷并进行改进，提出用精密三坐标测量软件离线检测逆向设计模型配合型面间空间约束的方法，讨论了逆向设计B-Rep模型的几何封闭性问题和制造工艺性（特别是装配要求）问题场景，给出装配约束型面间位置约束检测与缺陷改进的方法，最后用实例进行了说明，为现有的逆向设计模型质量检验和改进方法提供了一种有益补充。     

Ag^＋掺杂Na0．5K0．5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷的无压烧结及性能研究

铅基压电陶瓷在制备、使用及废弃处理过程中都会造成环境污染，随着环保意识的增强，无铅压电陶瓷必将逐步替代铅基压电陶瓷。Na0．5K0．5NbO3是一种很有潜力的无铅压电陶瓷，掺杂各种元素提升Na0．5K0．5NbO3陶瓷的压电性能成为当今研究热点之一。本研究以Ag2O、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Nb2O5为原料，经750℃焙烧分别合成了Na0．5K0.5NbO3和AgNbO3粉料，再经配料、混料与成型，在1060℃埋粉烧结，制备出Ag^＋掺杂的Na0.5K0．5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷（xAgNbO3-（1-x）Na0.5K0．5NbO3，ANKN），并在较宽成分范围内（Ag^＋含量，x=0-50at％）系统研究了Ag^＋掺杂对ANKN陶瓷性能的影响。XRD结果表明，ANKN陶瓷的主相为钙钛矿型结构，当x〉16at％，开始出现K5-75Nb10．85O30杂相，随着Ag掺杂量的增加，杂相的衍射峰增强。电学性能测试结果表明，当x〈20at％，随Ag掺杂量的增加ANKN陶瓷的压电常数、介电常数等略有升高；当x〉20at％，ANKN陶瓷的各项性能均开始降低；Ag掺加量为x=16at％时ANKN陶瓷性能最佳，压电常数d33达到110pC／N，平面机电耦合系数kp为30％，相对介电常数εr为358，居里温度Tc为300℃。     

旋转型行波超声电机定转子机电耦合有限元分析

以旋转型行波超声电机定转子为研究对象,运用动态子结构法和有限元法对定转子进行了机电耦合分析,构建了机电耦合模型,并通过建立定转子机电耦合有限元模型,对压电陶瓷逆压电效应进行研究,得到电信号激励下各阶响应振型和幅频特性;探讨了定子弹性体厚度、齿深,压电陶瓷片厚度、分区方式以及定子弹性体与压电陶瓷片粘接位置对超声电机谐振频率和振幅的影响,为该类型电机的结构优化设计提供了依据。     

动态系统分析的阻抗方法及其在状态监控智能结构中的应用

概括了当前基于振动的结构损伤检测和状态监控方法．比较了优缺点。通过对由压电陶瓷驱动的单自由度弹簧-质量-阻尼系统的分析，介绍动态系统分析的阻抗方法，指出压电驱动/传感器同结构相互作用对整个动态系统的影响。基于压电材料良好的机电耦合特性，将反映结构特性的压电材料电阻抗测量替代机械阻抗测量，从而进行损伤检测。阻抗分析技术的应用实例表明了其可行性。     

基于装配属性的夹具快速装配设计

为提高工装夹具装配设计的设计效率,提出一种基于装配属性的夹具快速装配设计方法。首先结合各夹具元件的装配信息及模型几何参数定义元件装配属性。分析元件3D模型、模型几何元素与装配属性间的关联,定义三者间的映射关系形成编码。然后解析编码得到元件装配属性及模型几何特征,进行属性匹配得到特征配合方式并据此调整特征间的位置关系,根据约束创建规则添加约束实现装配。开发了夹具快速设计系统,以某航空发动机精铣机匣外型面夹具为例,验证了提出的快速装配法的有效性。     

基于压电陶瓷的微粒控制技术研究进展

对压电陶瓷激发超声波对微粒控制技术的工作原理进行探讨。在生物医药方面，对流体的控制是关键技术，已有的结构多较为复杂且不易加工。为了使流体控制结构简单且容易集成和产业化，对压电陶瓷激发行波实现流体输运的技术进行了研究，并且对压电陶瓷激发行波的原理和驱动流体运动的机理进行了探讨。     

微驱动电极进给机构的设计

根据微细电火花加工对伺服进给系统的要求,以蠕动式进给机构作为微驱动机构,以实现高精度高频响。详细分析了柔性铰链及压电陶瓷的原理和特点,指出压电陶瓷-柔性铰链机构在微进给中具有高响应频率、高精度和无间隙等优点。在此基础上,将压电陶瓷与整体式柔性铰链相结合,设计出一种能满足微细电火花加工要求的压电驱动蠕动式微进给机构。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。