冲击试样尺寸与韧-脆转变过程的试验研究

对标准试样和辅助小尺寸试样与冲击功之间的变化规律进行了试验和研究。结果表明，缺口形状相同而宽度不同的同一种材料的冲击试样，采用所确定的不同试样宽度的试验温度关系式，可使辅助小尺寸试样和标准试样的冲击试验数据直接换算，这对薄型材料的冲击试验具有重要的实用价值。     

管线钢冲击吸收功测量的尺寸效应

对20钢、16Mn钢和X70钢不同宽度试样在-80～40℃范围内进行夏比冲击试验,研究了非标准尺寸试样冲击功与标准试样冲击功之间的关系,比较了大小试样韧脆转变温度的不同;把试验结果与ASTM标准、BS标准进行对比,不同尺寸试样的韧脆转变温度漂移程度相差很大。并对上平台冲击功的换算公式做了修正。     

夏比摆锤冲击国标与美标两种试验方法对冲击试验结果的影响

本文主要分析夏比摆锤冲击试验国标和美标的异同,采用了系列冲击法研究了两项标准对冲击性能的影响,结果表明:当冲击吸收功较低时,按照GB/T229—2007和ASTM E23—07a标准试验得出的结果相近;当冲击吸收功较高时,按照ASTM E23—07a标准试验得出的结果比GB/T229—2007的结果高,导致这一结果主要是由于摆锤打击刀刃半径的不同,打击刀刃和冲击试样接触面积小,冲击试样产生的塑性变形小,侧向膨胀值低,冲击吸收功相应的也低,反之,冲击试样产生的塑性变形大,侧向膨胀值高,冲击吸收功相应的也高;国标和美标夏比V型冲击试样的公称尺寸相同,主要区别为机加工偏差的不同,且美标要求较高。     

GH4169合金的低温冲击试验

对GH4169高温合金边缘和中心部位进行了低温冲击试验,比较晶粒大小对合金冲击功的影响,进一步进行室温冲击试验,比较室温冲击和低温冲击冲击功的大小。同时还对径锻试样和热连轧试样低温冲击所需要的冲击功进行对比,并用SEM观察了冲击断口的表面。结果表明:晶粒越细小,所用的冲击功越大;低温冲击和室温冲击所用的冲击功几乎一样;热连轧试样低温韧性要远远好于径锻试样,冲击端口为韧窝断口。     

夏比V型冲击试验的尺寸效应及工程应用

以Q245R钢板为对象,进行不同尺寸试样在系列温度下的夏比V型冲击试验,论证试验的尺寸效应。结果表明:不同尺寸试样获得的冲击吸收能量一般不可换算,且与试样截面积没有对应关系。不同尺寸试样获得的韧脆转变温度数据也不可直接比较,随着试样尺寸减小,韧脆转变温度向低温方向移动。低温条件下,小尺寸试样可能导致材料韧性被高估,建议对小尺寸试样的试验温度进行调整。     

金属断裂韧性与缺口试样冲击功间普遍关系与应用

从冲击功着手，推导出在常温相同断裂机制条件下，缺口试样冲击功（ＣＶＮ）和断裂韧性ＫＩＣ间普遍关系。并用回归法求出了４０ＭｎＶＴｉ微合金钢Ｋ＾２ＩＣ与夏比Ｖ型缺口试样冲击功（ＣＶＮ）间线性回归方程。     

系列奥氏体锰钢耐磨性研究

测定了系列锰钢的冲击磨粒磨损性能，发现在低冲击功下锰钢的耐磨性与磨面硬度近似线性关系，而在高冲击功下耐磨性几乎与磨面硬度无关。对冲击功、冲击韧性及耐磨性三者之间关系研究得出：当冲击韧性与冲击功比值在３０—７０范围内时锰钢具有较高耐磨性     

冲击试验机检定规程的几点探讨

对摆锤式冲击试验机的检定过程中的5个问题：标准冲击试样的作用、标准冲击试样的量传（定值）、标准冲击试样的使用范围、标准冲击试样的使用成本、摆锤上升仰角的测量等进行了分析,对冲击功的测量提出了解决方法。     

系列奥氏体锰钢耐磨性研究

测定了系列锰钢的冲击磨粒磨损性能，发现在低冲击功下锰钢的耐磨性与磨面硬度近似 关系，而在高冲击功下耐磨怀几乎与磨面硬度无关。对冲击功，冲击韧性及耐磨性三者之间关系研究得出：当冲击韧性怀冲击功比值在３０－７０范围内时锰钢具有较高耐磨性。     

摆锤冲击试验结果的统计分析

鉴于摆锤冲击试验结果分散性大，用多试样求平均值的方法有时仍不能正确地反映材料真实的抗冲击性能。为了得到更加可靠的结果，借助数理统计方法，对某低合金钢TL和LT两种取向试样的冲击功Ak值进行了分析。结果表明，TL和LT两种取向试样的Ak值基本均呈正态分布，而它们对应可靠度为0．9时的安全冲击功分别为62．7J和72．6J。     

夏比摆锤冲击试验的有效质量控制

通过使用标准夏比冲击试样对摆锤冲击试验机的准确性进行校准以及对夏比冲击断裂残样形貌进行分析的方法,可以实现对摆锤冲击试验机的快速期间核查,并能及时查找出导致夏比摆锤冲击试验示值偏离的因素,并针对每种偏离因素给出了相应的解决方法,以便尽可能削减偏离到受控范围内。从而保证了夏比摆锤冲击试验的精度,在一定程度上确保了夏比摆锤冲击试验能够得到有效的质量控制。     

热老化对316LN不锈钢焊缝微观组织和冲击性能的影响

为研究核电站主管道316LN不锈钢焊缝的热老化,开展了316LN不锈钢在400℃下15000h的加速热老化实验。采用TEM和HREM研究热老化后焊缝微观组织演变,利用冲击实验测定不同热老化时间下焊缝夏比冲击性能;以夏比冲击功作为热老化脆化参量,通过拟合法获得了焊缝热老化脆化动力学公式,利用热老化动力学公式预测焊缝在实际运行温度下服役60年内的夏比冲击功变化。结果表明:经1000h热老化后焊缝中的铁素体已经发生了调幅分解,形成了富Fe的α相和富Cr的α′相,同时在铁素体内析出了G相;焊缝中铁素体调幅分解和G相析出导致焊缝冲击功随时间延长而不断下降;夏比冲击功预测结果显示在运行25年内冲击功下降较快,随后的运行过程中下降过程趋缓。     

金属材料夏比冲击试样V型缺口的测量精度

金属材料夏比冲击试样V型缺口测量不规范导致冲击试验测试值严重失准,比例图形绘制的精度及正确画法是保证冲击试样尺寸和形状完全满足GB/T229-2007规定的重要手段,因此要严格控制夏比冲击试样V型缺口的测量精度,用于缺口投影仪检验缺口质量和加工精度的标准公差带图形的绘制要统一标准。     

Behavior of Aramid Fiber／Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Hybrid Composites under Charpy Impact and Ballistic Impact

The aramid fiber/UHMWPE(ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene)fiber hybrid composites(AF/DF) were ma-nufactured.By Charpy impact,the low velocity impact behavior of AF/DF composite was studied.And the high velocity impact behavior under ballistic impact was also investigated.The influenct of hybrid ratio on the performances of low and high velocity impact was analyzed,and hybrid structures with good impact properties under low velocity impact and high velocity were optimized.For Charpy impact, the maximal impact load increased with the accretion of the AF layers for AF/DF hybrid composites.The total impact power was reduced with the decrease of DF layers and the delamination can result in the increase of total impact power.For ballistic impact ,the DF ballistic performance was better than that of the AF and the hybrid ratio had a crucial influence.The failure morphology of AF/DF hybrid composite under Charpy impact and ballistic impact was analyzed .The AF/DF hybrid composites in suitable hybrid ratio could attain better performance than AF or DF composites.     

Impact essential work of fracture toughness of ABS/polyamide-6 blends compatibilized with olefin based copolymers

The impact fracture toughness of acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene/polyamide-6 (ABS/PA6) blends compatibilized with 5% by weight carbon monoxide modified ethylene-n butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (EnBACO-MAH) or ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EMA-GMA) copolymers were examined as a function of blend ratio by standard Charpy tests, Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) Methodology and fracture surface morphologies. The samples were first processed in twin-screw extruder and they were subsequently injection moulded. The incompatibilized blends and neat-PA6 fractured in brittle manner, whereas compatibilized blends fractured in ductile manner. The EWF values yielded a maximum when weight percentages of ABS and PA6 were equal to each other. The values obtained in the case of EnBACO-MAH were higher than that of EMA-GMA regardless of blend composition in EWF tests. The trend of impact strengths observed in standard notched Charpy impact tests was in accordance with that of EWF values of blends. The morphology of the ABS/PA6 blends exhibited differences as a function of the component ratio and compatibilizer type. These differences in topology of the fracture surfaces of the blends were utilized to understand the deformation mechanism, and to correlate the fracture toughness values of the blends.     

Impact properties of low-alloy transformation-induced plasticity-steels with different matrix

The effects of matrix types on Charpy impact properties were investigated in Fe–0.2%C–1.5%Si–1.5%Mn (mass%) transformation-induced plasticity steels. The steels with annealed martensite and bainitic ferrite matrix possessed higher upper shelf Charpy impact absorbed energy than the steel with polygonal ferrite and martensitic matrix. In addition, the low ductile–brittle fracture appearance transition temperatures were achieved in annealed martensite and martensite types in comparison with those of other steels.     

Progress and development in the instrumented Charpy impact test

Toughness is the most important characteristics for structural component materials and has been evaluated widely by Charpy impact test. Charpy test has been presented firstly in 1901, and instrumentation to record load history during impact has been attempted since 1920's. Various methods to estimate quantitative fracture toughness values under dynamic loading condition have been presented. In the development of fracture mechanics, one of the authors has successfully developed the new dynamic fracture toughness testing and evaluation system using the instrumented Charpy impact test, which is called “CAI system”. This paper introduces history of instrumented Charpy impact test and CAI system. Moreover, instrumented impact testing method on brittle materials is also mentioned. Worldwide standard on dynamic fracture toughness evaluation by the instrumented impact testing is highly expected to be established.     

HQ785C钢示波冲击特性的缺口效应研究

采用示波冲击试验方法，研究了ＨＱ７８５Ｃ钢的夏比Ｖ型缺口、线切割缺口和预疲劳裂纹３种类型试样在冲击断裂过程中各部分能量与温度的关系。分析了各部分能量随温度变化的规律。试验结果表明，预疲劳裂纹试样的脆性转变温度比线切割缺口试样和夏比Ｖ型缺口试样分别提高约２０℃和４０℃。     

Impact performance and toughening mechanisms of toughness-tailored polypropylene impact copolymers

The impact performance and resistance of toughness-tailored polypropylene (PP) impact copolymer (ICP) blends were examined using a range of microscopic techniques. The double-notch four-point bending (DN-4PB) Charpy impact technique was used to clearly study the impact-enhancement of the ICP blends responsible for the observed toughening effect. The incorporation of ethylene–octene copolymer with a lower molecular weight into the PP matrix induced the formation of massive crazes and shear yielding, leading to a more ductile PP matrix. A detailed investigation showed that well-oriented talc particles act in the PP matrix as stress concentrators to initiate massive crazes by crack deflection and bifurcation. These toughening mechanisms are responsible for the improved impact resistance. The DN-4PB Charpy impact technique used in this study provides an effective methodology for probing the impact fracture mechanisms of toughness-tailored ICP blends.     

GB/T 229-2007金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法简介

介绍了新修订的GB/T 229—2007规定的金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法,并与ASTM E23—2007进行了比较,分别从适用范围、试样要求、设备要求、试验过程及试验结果评定等主要技术要求方面进行了对比说明。结果表明:GB/T 229—2007较修订前的旧版本与ASTME23—2007的差异有所缩小,但两标准仍存在较大的差别。