石墨电极抗折强度与弹性模量的关系及其影响因素

通过相关回归分析,对多种规格石墨电极抗折强度和弹性模量数据的研究结果表明,石墨电极抗折强度与弹性模量之间有很好的相关关系。利用这种关系只要测出其弹性模量就可推算出抗折强度,从而实现石墨电极不取小样检查产品质量并控制生产的目的。     

石墨电极加工用螺纹梳刀的参数控制及其检测方法

介绍了石墨电极加工用螺纹梳刀的材质、检测参数控制及其检测方法和原理,螺纹梳刀各测量参数的几何意义及对应关系,对石墨电极生产实际具有指导意义。     

改进石墨电极质量是降低电极消耗的关键

文章综述炼钢石墨电极工作中石墨电极消耗的主要原因,分析了电极消耗和电极质量的关系。指出了原材料质量的重要性,提出了添加炭纤维改善电极强度,改进电极接头形状设备,减少故障和使用超波技术监控电极质量的方法。     

采用改质沥青与中温沥青生产石墨电极对比

随着我国电炉炼钢的发展,对石墨电极的质量提出了更高的要求。煤沥青作为生产石墨电极的黏结剂,很大程度上影响着石墨电极的质量。目前国内石墨电极生产厂家一部分采用中温沥青,一部分采用改质沥青,逐步摆脱了传统的黏结剂与浸渍剂     

石墨电极与接头配合间隙分析

<正>石墨电极产品与铜电极产品相比较而言,石墨电极产品由于具有容易加工、便于生产使用等优点,受到业内人士的认同,在炼钢行业得到普遍应用。但是,石墨电极与接头产品在钢厂使用过程中,由于各方面原因,出现电极折断、脱扣等现象,从而造成工人工时极大浪费,钢成本大幅度增高,影响了钢厂对石墨电极与接头生产厂家的信任度。通过对电极折断、脱扣等现象产生的原因进行分析发现,石墨电极与接头产品配合间隙小,造成电极孔、接头大径断裂;石墨电极与接头产品配合间隙大,     

微电解灭活大肠杆菌的实验研究

以大肠杆菌为对象进行了微电解杀菌效果的实验研究。采用钛和石墨电极材料进行了微电解杀菌性能的比较。结果表明,微电解对于大肠杆菌有明显的灭活效应。杀菌效果根据条件的变化而不同,杀菌率随着处理时间、外部电压、氯离子浓度的增加而升高。证明微电解方法应用于中水消毒的可能性及其发展潜力。     

对振动成型方法生产石墨电极的探讨

本文对用振动成型方法生产石墨电极的可能性进行了讨论,并对振动成型方法和挤压成型方法生产的石墨电极的有关物理—机械性质作了比较,认为,振动成型方法生产的石墨电极具有较高的体积密度,其轴向电阻率与挤压成型的石墨电极相比大致相同。     

影响电极生坯密度因素的探讨

体积密度是石墨电极的一项重要指标,提高成品电极密度最关键的途径就是提高电极生坯的密度.本文主要研究原料振实密度、配方、干料温度、凉料温度、型嘴温度、真空度、预压压力与预压时间、挤压速度等因素对电极生坯密度的影响,总结出了这些因素与生坯密度的关系,对提高石墨电极质量起着指导作用.     

论石墨电极的变形

石墨化电极在电弧炼钢炉中应用的可靠性,在很多情况下,取决于它们抗热应力作用的能力,而热应力的最终效应则取决于石墨变形的大小和性质。关于石墨电极的变形性质,研究的不够充分,因为人们把主要的注意力都集中在研究与电极产品可靠性有关的机械强度上了。如果认为变形与应力—线弹性之间的关系是线性关系的话,这样做是恰当的。但是石墨电极的变形曲线从最初加负荷开始就不是线性的。石墨电极的变形包括弹性分量和非弹性分量:     

石墨电极的物理化学性能与电炉炼钢中消耗的关系

电炉炼钢一定要有耐高温的导电材料，石墨电极是最理想、又能大量供应的石墨质导电材料，电炉炼钢的技术发展离不开研制新品种、高质量的石墨电极。与此同时，降低每吨电炉钢的石墨电极消耗是电炉钢厂的经营目标之一，石墨电极在电弧炉中的消耗与石墨电极的物理化学性能有密切的关联，本文列举世界各国主要电极生产商刊登在样本上的理化性能及实物分析的结果，适用于直流电弧炉的石墨电极与适用于交流电弧炉的石墨电极的区别，并讨论超高功率电炉炼钢使用超高功率石墨电极时主要理化指标与消耗之间的联系。     

三维膜电极电控离子分离过程离子扩散特性研究

通过阴极电沉积法在石墨芯基体上制备铁氰化镍(NiHCF)薄膜,然后组装为多排石墨芯(MRGC)膜电极系统于1mol/LKNO3溶液中测定其循环伏安(CV)曲线。重点考察了不同电极厚度与间距的MRGC基体NiHCF膜电极CV图的阴阳极峰电位分离情况,以及不同扫描速度下膜电极系统的CV图变化情况。研究结果表明,由于三维MRGC膜电极系统内部离子扩散影响,CV图的峰电位将发生偏移。随着石墨芯间距的增加电极内离子扩散阻力降低,导致CV图阴阳极峰电位差ΔEp将减小;固定石墨芯间距而增加电极厚度时电极内离子扩散阻力增加使ΔEp也随之增加;随着扫描速度的增加内扩散的影响加剧导致ΔEp增加。因此循环伏安图阴阳极峰电位的分离程度可用于三维膜电极内离子扩散的分析。     

两种不同石墨电极上溴离子电氧化的研究

通过测定溴离子在两种不同石墨电极上的循环伏安曲线及电流效率,探索了溴离子在石墨电极上氧化的电解条件,比较了两种石墨电极对溴离子电氧化的影响。研究发现,由于电极材料的不同和析氧反应的存在,两种电极材料对溴离子氧化的催化作用有一定差别。溴离子在石墨电极上氧化的电流效率一般在80％以上,最高可达88.5％。     

改进石墨电极质量与降低电极消耗的探讨

综述炼钢用石墨电极在工作中消耗的主要原因,分析了电极消耗和电极质量的关系。指出了原材料质量的重要性;提出了添加炭纤维改善电极强度,改进电极接头形状,减少接头故障;使用超声波技术监控电极质量等措施。     

Preparation of tin-filled carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles by molten salt electrolysis

This article presents a molten salt electrolytic method of synthesizing tin-filled carbon nanostructures, in which a melt of LiCl with an addition of SnCl₂ is electrolyzed between two graphite electrodes. In this process, Li intercalates into the cathodically polarized graphite while Sn is deposited onto the graphite surface. The Li intercalation causes the release of graphitic layers from the graphite, which enclose the Sn deposits, to form Sn-filled MWCNTs and carbon nanoparticles. By reversing the polarity of the graphite electrodes at regular intervals during electrolysis, the process can be extended substantially until the electrodes have been completely consumed, suggesting its suitability for production at a larger scale.     

石墨电极与接头的"理想连接"机理与实现途径

分析了“理想连接”的机理，进一步研究电极与接头精密加工，从而实现“理想连接”的途径。     

石墨碎在电极生产中的作用

通过石墨碎、大庆石油焦、锦州石油焦的对比试验,分析了石墨碎的性能,并通过生产试验,分析了石墨电极生产中加入石墨碎对生产及产品的影响。石墨碎具有真密度高、体积密度大,电阻率、CTE偏低,振实密度、颗粒强度大等优点。在石墨电极生产中加入一定的石墨碎可以提高产品的体积密度、强度,降低电阻率等。     

相序对交流电弧炉石墨电极松脱的影响及其机理

分析了三相交流电弧炉炼钢时，相序对能量转换中电磁力三要素及石墨电极（按IEC标准制造）松脱的影响机理，供电弧炉电气安装、使用和电极售后服务人员参考。本原理也适用于使用石墨电极的其它三相交流电炉。     

The mechanism of the chlorine evolution on different types of graphite anodes during the electrolysis of an acidic NaCl solution

The behaviour of the electrode and the formation of chlorine were studied practically for porous graphite used in the industrial electrolysis of an aqueous NaCl solution only.In this investigation this was done for Acheson graphite electrodes and for highly orientated pyrolytic graphite electrodes of which the edge plane or the basal plane served as electrode surface. Voltammograms were determined by continuous scanning with different rates of the potential between a minimum and maximum value. From the experimental results it follows that two different surface compounds, the lp oxygen and the hp oxygen are formed on all the graphite electrodes investigated. In the stationary state lp oxygen is present at low potential and the hp oxygen at high potentials. The formation and the removal of each compound depends on the electrolytic conditions, especially on the maximum potential of the sweep. The conditions of the sweep determine whether these oxides are really present on the electrode surface during the anodic or the cathodic sweep. Chlorine is formed according to the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism on all the three types of electrodes. The current density, the transfer coefficient and the activation energy for the edge plane electrode and the Acheson graphite electrode are of the same order of magnitude, while for the basal plane electrode they deviate strongly.     

Nature of the surface compounds and reactions observed on graphite electrodes

The nature and composition of the surface of pyrolytic graphite and the consequent possible effects, when the material is used as an electrode, are considered on the basis of the structure of the graphite and of the handling and/or treatment to which the electrodes may have been exposed. Because of the relatively limited studies on pyrolytic graphite, certain aspects of the behavior of other types of graphite and of carbon are discussed owing to their probable relation to the behavior of pyrolytic graphite. An appreciation of the constitution of graphite electrodes in terms of surface compounds and of the possible interaction of these compounds with solution species or their reaction products, when the electrodes are used in electrolytic processes, is essential for their optimum utilization. The main areas surveyed are the structure of pyrolytic graphite as related to electrode usage, types of possible compound formation, electrolytic behavior of graphite electrodes, and formation of carbon-oxygen and related organic surface compounds with the resulting influence on adsorption and other phenomena.     

The influence of the local current density on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in lithium-ion battery negative electrodes

The local current density related to the exfoliation process of graphite negative electrodes in mixed ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolytes was controlled by a variation of the current applied to lithium half-cells containing either single type graphite electrodes or electrodes consisting of mixtures of an exfoliating and a non-exfoliating graphite. The partial local current density attributed to graphite passivation and its distribution within the volume of the electrode was found to be a key parameter to explain differences in the exfoliation behaviour observed for graphite electrodes. The local current density is related with a local overpotential which may suppress one of several possible electrochemical processes. In a negative electrode consisting of a mixture of a non-exfoliating and an exfoliating graphite component, the exfoliation of the exfoliation-sensitive graphite component can be completely suppressed when increasing the partial local current density attributed to the graphite exfoliation process above a certain threshold, by either decreasing the amount of exfoliating graphite particles in the electrode or by increasing the total current density, i.e., the specific current. The consideration of the local current density distribution for the electrochemical processes throughout the electrode leads to a more general concept for the graphite passivation behaviour during the first lithium insertion in lithium-ion batteries.