Decomposition of Persistent Organic Compounds in Water Using Pulsed Discharge on Water

Acetic acid simulating a persistent organic compound in water was decomposed by a discharge on water using a thin blade electrode. The thin blade electrode facilitates the generation of wide‐ranging discharges on water. The effect of differences in the species of the supply gas and the discharge power on the decomposition of acetic acid was investigated. Compared with argon, when helium was used, a larger amount of acetic acid was decomposed. Experiments also confirmed that the decomposition rate of acetic acid rose with the discharge power. It was also found that the decomposition efficiency was improved when the discharge power was reduced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 1–10, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22318     

Generation and characterization of optical emission in highly repetitive pulsed‐glow discharges in air

To analyze atmospheric‐pressure transient glow microdischarges powered by a fast high‐voltage pulse train generated by a nonlinear transmission line generator, we conducted a simulation experiment using double rectangular pulsed voltages having variable pulse intervals. The discharges were characterized by optical emission spectro‐scopy. Although the temporal evolution of the spectral line intensities of nitrogen molecules and ions followed the discharge current, the atomic helium line intensity did not follow the current. The development of a discharge at the interface between a helium gas flow column and the surrounding air affects the observed evolution of the spectral lines. The strong effect of metastable helium was confirmed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(2): 17–23, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21223     

铝空气电池的设计与放电性能研究

铝空气电池作为一种清洁能源,具有比能量高、低噪声、低红外等特点。基于对铝空气电池工作原理的研究,设计了一种由单体和电解液循环系统组成的铝空气电池系统。搭建铝空气电池实验平台,对电池的恒电流运行特性、空气电极寿命及电解液浓度的影响进行实验分析。实验结果表明:所设计的铝空气电池能以50 A恒流放电10 h以上,性能较稳定;空气电极寿命是制约铝空气提升放电性能的关键因素;电解液浓度为6 mol/L时,电池综合性能指标最佳。     

气液两相放电水处理技术及装置综合评述

为推进放电废水处理工业化的进程,对气液两相废水处理技术及装置的发展进行了评述。各种技术措施均有各自的特点,向上喷雾使废水两次参与放电反应;静电雾化使雾滴更小,增大总反应表面积且表面带电;对流和鼓风使水气更好混合后通过介质阻挡放电,构成塔式工业化处理装置;微孔注氧放电产生氧、羟基,提高氧化降解能力;氧气以流注放电形式渗出进入苯酚溶液区,避免了电极腐蚀;旋转运动的中空针电极送氧使气液充分融合,用于高微生物含量废水处理;比较放电降解水中苯酚的方法可知:DC+AC水面气中电晕放电容易实现且不存在电极水中腐蚀问题;混合串联或并联放电反应器比单液相方式有更高的苯酚降解效率;串联式有更多活性基进入液相,所以移出率稍高。能量、尺寸和持续率等是衡量气液两相流注放电的重要指标。     

大气压氦气介质阻挡放电的二维演化过程

为了研究大气压氦气的介质阻挡放电机理,利用像增强高速相机(ICCD),以20ns曝光时间,拍摄了多组时序发展的时空分辨放电图像,揭示了放电形式由汤森放电向辉光放电的演化。所测阴极位降区厚度0.4mm,应属亚辉光放电类型,而底面拍摄的图像则揭示了放电径向发展的过程。将放电图像转化为可视性更强的三维图像后,发现放电由覆盖整个电极的微弱汤森放电起始,在场强略高的中心处率先发展,并迅速向外扩散。     

沿面/体介质阻挡放电装置的放电及臭氧生成特性

相对于体介质阻挡放电(VDBD),沿面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)等离子体可以更高效地生成反应活性物质,在气体处理方面显示了较高的效率。但沿面放电仅沿介质表面发展,限制了放电等离子体装置处理气体的能力。文中设计了一种新型的沿面/体复合DBD装置,通过在垂直于沿面放电高压电极的上部增加体放电电极,用于扩展等离子体的空间分布并提高活性物质的产量,研究了电极构型、放电气隙、放电电压及气体体积流量等对装置的放电特性及臭氧生成的影响。在空气间隙为4.5mm,外加电压幅值为16kV时,SDBD放电功率为11.2W,VDBD放电功率为4.6 W,复合装置的放电功率为19.7 W;分别测量复合装置中的沿面放电和体放电功率发现,复合装置的沿面放电功较单一沿面放电装置的放电功率提高了1.1倍,而复合装置的体放电功率较单一体放电功率提高了1.9倍。臭氧测试结果表明,复合装置生成的臭氧质量浓度可达3.0 mg/L,分别是SDBD和VDBD的3.8倍和5.0倍。     

三瓦铝—空气电池的研究

研制了用氯化钠溶液作电液的三瓦铝—空气电池,并测试了氧电极、铝电极和电池的极化曲线、间放性能以及电池工作滞后时间与温度的关系。该电池可作为无电地区照明电源和电视机电源。     

Water Treatment Using Discharge Generated in Cavitation Field with Micro Bubble Cloud

A new method of wastewater treatment using electric discharge in the water cavitation field formed by a large number of micro bubbles generated by high‐speed water flow is proposed in this paper. Indigo carmine solution, which is a type of dye, with a concentration of 9 mg/liter was used as the specimen solution for demonstration of water treatment. The total volume of solution and the average speed of solution in the cavitation field were 20 liters and about 7.4 m/s, respectively. An absorbance decrease rate of 96% was obtained in 50 min of treatment time at the electrode distance of 2 mm and discharge power of 16 W. It was also found that the efficiency of decolorization was improved by changing the electrode location. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(4): 1–10, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22483     

纳秒脉冲表面放电等离子体影响因素的实验研究

在大气环境条件下,以环氧为介质阻挡材料,基于单极性ns脉冲电源进行了表面介质阻挡放电实验,研究了电压幅值、电极宽度、电极间距和重复频率对放电等离子体的影响。结果表明ns脉冲表面介质阻挡放电是丝状放电,放电发生在电压脉冲的上升沿阶段;放电电流主要包括两部分脉冲,与放电丝分布的均匀性有着一定的内在关系,外加电压对放电的均匀性以及产生等离子体的长度起作用;电极宽度和间距对放电电流和产生等离子体的发光强度影响不大,电极宽度和间距越小,放电丝分布越均匀,电极宽度存在一个最优值,使得激励器的放电稳定且产生等离子体相对均匀;脉冲重复频率仅对等离子体强度起作用,对放电特性的影响较复杂,不同电极参数下这些影响与放电丝的分布状态有关。     

纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电的电气和光学特性

为了研究纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电特性,本文采用一种新型三电极结构的激励器,通过纳秒脉冲叠加负直流的混合激励模式产生表面滑闪放电。实验研究了电压脉冲分量、电压直流分量及两者的差值对纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电特性的影响。实验结果表明,当脉冲电压幅值固定时,直流电压幅值的改变对脉冲侧电流的影响较小,但对直流源侧电流却影响显著,直流源侧电流随直流电压幅值的增加而增加,发生表面滑闪放电后峰值和速度均增加。直流电压幅值越大,直流源侧电流出现时刻越早。当直流电压幅值固定时,脉冲侧电流和直流源侧电流均随着脉冲电压幅值的增加而增加。实验中存在一个电压阈值(脉冲分量和直流分量电压差值)使纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电发生,该阈值为22k V。此时发生表面滑闪放电,瞬时功率峰值、单脉冲能量峰值和稳态能量均迅速增加。脉冲直流电压差值相同时,脉冲分量主导脉冲侧电流的大小,直流分量主导直流源侧电流的大小,脉冲分量所占比例的大小对功率和能量损耗的影响较大。此外,利用数码相机拍摄放电图像研究了纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电的光学特性,放电图像表明,在电极间施加合理的脉冲电压和负直流电压均可产生表面滑闪放电,实现等离子体的拉伸效果,在阻挡介质表面获得大面积的等离子体。     

Influences of gas density depletion on high‐pressure,pulsed‐glow discharge

High‐pressure, pulsed glow discharge has been studied for the excitation discharge in TEA gas lasers. Various instabilities occur in the subsequent discharge, which induce the arc and collapse for the highly repetitive operation. In this paper, the influences of the gas density depletion on the high‐pressure, pulsed glow discharge have been investigated, eliminating the other instabilities such as shock waves, residual ions, discharge products, and electrode heating. The gas density depletion was produced by utilizing a subsonic flow between the curved electrodes. The comparison has been made on the discharge occurring in the presence of the gas density depletion with that by the double‐pulse experiment in a stable gas. The big gas density nonuniformity tends to cause the arc without the shocks, ions, discharge products, and electrode heating. The transition from glow to arc discharge discontinuously occurs with respect to the gas density depletion. On the other hand, the second discharge in the double‐pulse experiment becomes an arc in much smaller gas density nonuniformity, and the transition from glow to arc occurs gradually. The arc discharge might be driven by some factors other than the gas density depletion. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(4): 9–16, 2000     

Relation between plasma plume charge and length in atmospheric pressure plasma

We present atmospheric pressure plasma generated using a quartz tube, helium gas, and copper foil electrode by applying a radio frequency high voltage. The atmospheric pressure plasma in the form of a bullet is released as a plume into the atmosphere. To study the formation of the plasma plume, the dependences of the plasma plume charge and the plasma plume length on the gas flow rate are examined. In a quartz tube with inner diameter 1.5 mm, which has more helium than air in the cross section of the flow channel, the distributions of the length and charge on the gas flow rate show similar tendencies. Consequently, when more helium gas is present than air, the travel length of the plasma plume correlates with the plasma plume charge. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Two-dimensional distribution of ground-state NO density by LIFtechnique in DC needle-to-plate positive streamer coronas during NOremoval processing

Two-dimensional distribution of the ground-state NO molecules density was investigated using a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique in a DC positive streamer corona reactor (needle-to-plate electrode geometry) during NO removal from a flue gas simulator (NO/air). NO density in the corona discharge reactor was monitored under the steady-state DC corona discharge condition. It was found that NO molecules density decreased due to the corona discharge processing not only in the discharging region but also in the upstream vicinity of the discharge     

Inactivation property of microorganisms in water irradiated by atmospheric‐pressure plasma using dielectric barrier discharge

Microorganisms in water were inactivated by irradiating with an atmospheric‐pressure plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge. To understand the inactivation mechanism of microorganisms, the actions due to irradiation with plasma discharge, heating, and chemical reaction are studied. We compare the buffer gases helium and argon in generating the atmospheric‐pressure plasma. The results indicate that the inactivation with the helium as buffer gas is higher than with argon. It is found that the inactivation ratio at different reactor volumes depends on the density of microorganisms in water. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

空气条件下介质阻挡放电影响因素的研究

为了解决低气压等离子体用于工业生产时存在真空系统昂贵和难以实现试品的批量处理等缺点,采用环氧树脂和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作为介质阻挡放电(DBD)的阻挡介质,探讨了在不同放电间距d(2-5 mm)、气压p(10-100 kPa)和外施电压U下的放电特性。结果表明,PTFE为阻挡介质,d≤3 mm时,在大气压下可利用DBD的形式产生辉光放电,当d>4 mm时,则不能得到稳定的DBD;在不同气压下,DBD稳定放电对应的电压区间范围在d为3 mm时最大;次大气压下辉光放电的特征较大气压下更明显,辉光放电更易获得,稳定放电的电压区间也更大。     

Characteristics of creeping discharge developed in a narrow gap between insulators and effect of a backside electrode

Discharge characteristics have been investigated for a needle–plane electrode configuration containing insulating barriers with a narrow gap which has been placed between the needle and the plane. The characteristics of creeping discharge developed in the narrow gap of the barrier filled with SF₆ are especially considered. In the case of a configuration with a backside electrode below the needle, the corona generated from the needle easily extended to the gap. On the other hand, for a configuration without a backside electrode, the corona has hardly extended to the gap, and on increasing the applied voltage the corona developed greatly in the gap. This difference in corona extension should affect the flashover characteristics in the present system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(2): 27–36, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10248     

脉冲电源驱动多针—平板电极介质阻挡放电影响因素研究

笔者采用μs振荡脉冲电源驱动多针—平板电极,产生空气中介质阻挡放电(DBD),测量了不同条件下放电的电压电流波形,拍摄了放电发光图像,并进一步计算得到放电功率和传输电荷量等主要放电参量,研究了多针电极密度、外加电压幅值和气隙距离对多针—平板电极DBD放电特性和放电参量的影响,并结合放电机理对所得到的实验结果进行了分析....     

气体放电对金属平板强化传热作用的研究

文中对比研究了电晕、介质阻挡以及辉光放电对空气-金属之间对流传热系数的影响作用。通过对加热器功率以及铜板电极温度测量，计算获得在自然对流以及电极间发生放电两种情况下对流传热系数。在气体放电强化传热的作用下对流传热系数获得数倍的增加。在直流电晕放电实验中，当均匀的直流辉光放电产生时，空气-金属之间传热速率获得最大幅度的提高。采用介质阻挡放电在提高空气-金属之间传热速率的同时，放电间隙击穿电压发生显著提高，也使放电在实际应用中更易于控制。     

用于材料表面处理的空气中的均匀介质阻挡放电

为解决针对大气压下气体中尤其是空气中的介质阻挡放电为大量的细丝状放电组成造成的一些材料表面处理效果不均匀甚至在表面形成烧灼的小洞的问题,以及用介质阻挡放电的形式实现大气压下空气中的辉光放电非常困难,大大地限制了这种方法在工业领域的应用的状况,提出了一种能获得均匀介质阻挡放电的新方法。这种均匀放电的特性介于丝状放电和辉光放电之间,可用于织物和无纺布的表面处理,有效改善其可湿性。虽然其电特性与平行平板介质阻挡放电相似,但放电更加柔和,不会对试样造成破坏。它采用圆柱—平板电极结构,其中高压电极为内填金属粉末的介质管,接地电极为介质平板。与平行平板介质阻挡放电或金属圆柱—平板介质阻挡放电相比,这种结构放电的电流和温度分布都更为均匀。实验证明,这种放电可改善无纺布的可湿性而不会造成任何破坏,是一种很好的可用于对织物和无纺布进行表面处理的方法。     

基于模拟试验的SF6电气设备低能量放电形式的特征气体

和电弧放电释放的能量相比,火花放电和电晕放电能量较低.对于低能量的放电,在其造成严重危害前,有必要对其类型和状态做出判断.笔者归纳前人对于SF6在不同放电类型下的分解机理,设计模拟试验,使用针板电极和板电极上放有金属碎屑的球板电极分别模拟电晕放电和火花放电,通过分析气体分解产物的类型和体积分数,提出使用S2OF1o的增...