Development of a high‐pressure air‐insulated 72/84‐kV disconnecting switch corresponding to bus‐transfer current switching

SF₆ gas has excellent dielectric strength and current interruption performance. For these reasons, it has been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS). Today, such global environmental problems as global warming are important issues of concern. SF₆ gas is known as a greenhouse gas with a long atmospheric lifetime, and has global warming potential of 23,900. SF₆‐free 72‐kV GIS was recently developed by using high‐pressure air and a gas/solid hybrid structure. But an alternating current disconnecting switch (DS) has yet to be developed thus making this type of SF₆‐free 72‐kV GIS unsuitable for double bus‐bar application. Consequently, the development of a high‐pressure air‐insulated DS corresponding to bus‐transfer current switching has been expected. The bus‐transfer current is the highest among all current interruption requirements for the DS. To develop an alternating current DS, efforts must be made to reduce arcing damage to the electrode. This paper describes the fundamental characteristics of current interruption in the plain break type and the magnetic field driven type. Then, average arcing time of the magnetic field driven type was estimated by magnetic flux density. Finally, two types of DS, which were a high‐speed plain break and a low‐speed magnetic field driven, were confirmed to comply with bus‐transfer current switching requirements on JEC standard. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 48–55, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20595     

Development of insulation technology in compact SF6 gas‐filled bushings: Development of compact 800‐kV SF6 gas‐filled bushings

Efforts of designers of gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) are currently focused on such features as smaller installation area and economical efficiency. Circuit breakers (CB), disconnecting switches (DS), and earthing switches (ES) have been redesigned in more compact configurations. Compactness and light‐weight requirements are applied also to bushings used in GIS. GIS bushings can be divided in three general types: capacitor, gas‐filled, and molded bushings. Requirements of the light weight and the economical efficiency of gas‐filled bushings can be satisfied by improvements in insulation technology. Size reduction can be effectively achieved by moderation of the electric field strength on the outside surface of the hollow insulator in the area of the inner grounded electrode tip. We devised a new inner grounded electrode structure consisting of a cylindrical electrode and a ring electrode supported by column electrodes. This paper describes the effect of reduction of the maximum value of electric field strength on the outside surface of the hollow insulator by a new type of grounded electrode. Then, improvement of insulation performance for electrodes with insulation coating in SF₆ gas is described as the composite insulation technology. Finally, the efficiency of these insulation technologies is described by the basic insulation test results of a prototype compact 800‐kV SF₆ gas‐filled bushing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(1): 19–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20898     

脉冲气体开关用SF6混合气体放电特性的研究

脉冲功率技术在大功率激光、Z箍缩、高功率微波和材料合成等领域均有非常广泛的应用,气体开关是脉冲功率装置中关键元件之一.为了获得开关间隙中不同气体电介质时开关工作性能、开关寿命等的变化规律,笔者针对一种典型结构的场畸变气体开关,采用工程中常用的正负充压回路方式,通过改变SF6/N2、SF6/Ar混合比、气压和电极间距等实...     

SF_6气体绝缘电流互感器的研制

本文对SF_6气体绝缘电流互感器高压套管端部电晕放电、泄漏等问题产生的原因进行分析,并提出了有关解决方法。     

PD time‐sequential properties of SF6 and SF6 gas mixture including CO2

This paper deals with partial discharge (PD) time‐sequential properties of SF₆/N₂/CO₂ ternary gas mixture as well as SF₆ and SF₆/N₂ gas mixture under AC and positive DC voltage applications. The measurements were carried out by changing the gas pressure up to 0.6 MPa and applied voltage with the N‐shape characteristics of breakdown voltage versus gas pressure for each tested gas considered. We obtained experimental results of the gas pressure dependence of maximum peak value of PD current pulse as well as the relationship between the time interval of PD pulses and the peak value of PD pulse. We discuss the mechanism of increase in breakdown voltage by adding CO₂ into SF₆/N₂ gas mixtures in terms of change of PD type from streamer to leader discharge. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 32–40, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20073     

SF6气体绝缘电流互感器的研制

本文对SF6气体绝缘电流互感器高压套管端部电晕放电、泄漏等问题产生的原因进行分析,并提出了有关解决方法.     

SF6气体绝缘电力设备中气体泄漏带压封堵技术的研究

采用双组分胶对SF6气体绝缘电力设备的气体泄漏进行封堵,研究了采用无机纳米填料粘接剂实现气体绝缘设备在0.3～0.6 MPa压力下的带压堵漏,封堵工艺过程简单,适用于现场操作。另外通过红外激光成像技术检测了封堵前后被堵部位的泄漏状况。结合包扎法卤素定量检测,研究了封堵后长期泄漏封堵状况,研究表明,采用笔者研制的封堵材料和相关的封堵工艺,可以实现气体绝缘设备气体泄漏的良好封堵。     

Effect of magnetic field strength and admixture gas on current interrupting capability of a CO2 rotary‐arc load‐break switch

First, current interrupting experiments were performed for a rotary‐arc type of load‐break switch filled with pure CO₂ at a total pressure of 0.1 MPa. Increase in the coil turns for generating magnetic field from 1 to 1.8, 2.5, and 3.6 (arbitrary unit) raised the current interrupting capability from 2.6 kA to 3.2, 3.5, and 4.1 kA. Second, experiments were performed for CO₂ gas mixture under the condition of 3.6 coil turns. Gases of He, O₂, N₂, and air were admixted to CO₂. Adding either He or O₂ to CO₂ at a concentration of 30% allows the switch to have higher interrupting capability than using pure CO₂. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 21–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20742     

Construction of the Seismic‐Analysis Technology of the Insulator Base Metals in a Single Pole Structure Disconnecting Switch

In the disconnecting switch of 300 kV or less single pole structure, the Great East Japan Earthquake received much damage at the former by the rotation insulator base metal which damage experience had. Conventionally, we carried out a simple desk evaluation about earthquake‐proof evaluation of insulator base metal. However, there is deviation with the damage actual condition and it became clear that it was an apparatus weak point part. Then, we worked on the analysis accuracy improvement of insulator base metal, and we built the analysis technology of the single pole structured disconnecting switch.     

800 kV罐式SF6断路器操动机构频繁打压现象分析

高压断路器是变电站中仅次于变压器的高压开关设备,起着控制和保护的作用,为了保证750 kV超高压输变电工程安全运行,排除高压电气设备运行中可能存在的安全隐患,对黄河750 kV变电站采用的LW13-800罐式SF6断路器操动机构进行了介绍,分析了变电站断路器操动机构出现的频繁打压现象,并结合750 kV变电站现场运行经...     

Development of new‐type outdoor termination using composite insulator with SF6 gas: Commercial use for 77‐kV transmission lines and development for 154‐kV XLPE cable

Recently, composite insulators have been increasingly employed mainly for economic reasons. We have developed a new type of outdoor termination using a composite insulator, which can be installed horizontally on a steel tower in order to reduce the construction cost. In this outdoor termination, SF₆ gas is filled in the composite insulator and a cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit is applied instead of the combined use of a rubber‐molded stress relief cone, epoxy resin insulator and spring unit. The application of the composite insulator, SF₆ gas and cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit reduces the total weight and makes it possible to install the termination horizontally on the tower. The new‐type outdoor termination for 77‐kV XLPE cable has already been applied in commercial use and enabled a reduction of the construction costs for power transmission lines. A 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination has been developed and its initial electrical tests were successfully completed. This paper describes the design and performance of both 77‐kV and 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination, and a follow‐up survey of the 77‐kV new termination in a commercial use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 18– 26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20511     

Problems of the application of N2/SF6 mixtures to gas‐insulated bus

In designing a gas‐insulated bus (GIB) using N₂/SF₆ mixtures, there are many application problems, such as the mixture pressure needed in order to maintain the required dielectric and heat transfer performance. Problems of recycling SF₆ are also essential in applying N₂/SF₆ mixtures. This paper presents the minimum breakdown field strength at lightning impulse and the temperature rise of the conductor and enclosure as measured for N₂/SF₆ mixtures. Considering the dielectric and heat transfer properties, we clarify the problems of application of mixtures to a GIB and discuss the appropriate mixture ratio of SF₆ in designing a GIB comparable to the present dimensions. In addition, the lowest limit of SF₆ content in a liquefied recovering method is theoretically estimated for reference in practical SF₆ recovery from mixtures. It is important for design to consider both breakdown phenomena, including the area effect of electrode, and the heat transfer properties of mixtures. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(4): 25–31, 2001     

±1100 kV直流纯SF_6气体绝缘穿墙套管关键技术研究

±1100 k V直流纯SF_6气体绝缘穿墙套管(以下简称±1100 k V直流穿墙套管)为目前世界电压等级最高的直流设备,也是直流输电系统中的关键设备。依托昌吉至古泉±1100 k V特高压直流输电工程,以±1100 k V直流穿墙套管为研究对象,建立了套管的三维物理模型,从直流绝缘材料、电场强度、机械强度及温度场等方面进行优化设计,并制造了±1100 k V直流穿墙套管样机。该样机顺利通过了全套型式试验验证,其各项性能指标均满足工程要求。通过该套管的研制,掌握了特高压直流SF_6气体穿墙套管的关键技术,并可以推广应用到其他电压等级产品中。     

直流电压下SF_6气体中电极覆膜对金属微粒启举的影响机理

为研究直流电场下SF_6气体中低压电极覆膜对金属微粒启举的影响机理,搭建了实验平台并使用高速摄像机记录运动轨迹。实验结果表明,随着SF_6气体压力的增大,微粒启举场强升高,且启举后到达高压电极的时间缩短。基于图像处理获得了微粒的瞬时位移,结合运动力学方程和最小二乘法提出了启举时电荷量的计算方法,微粒电荷量的计算分析表明启举时的电荷量减小。建立了覆膜后金属微粒周围电场分布的理论模型,电场分析表明金属微粒与薄膜间的电场明显增大及表面电荷密度分布的改变,使得金属微粒受到向下的极化作用力。研究认为:电荷量减小和极化作用力向下综合导致金属微粒的启举场强提高;覆膜后局部放电是金属微粒的带电机理;SF_6气体压力增大使得金属微粒发生局部放电的起始场强升高,导致极化作用力增大,需要更高场强发生启举。     

Ablated mass of PTFE nozzle due to high‐current SF6 arc exposure: Formulation of ablated mass

Characteristics of PTFE ablation due to SF₆ arc exposure were studied to predict the ablated mass of PTFE nozzle in high‐voltage circuit breaker. From the measurement of the ablated mass, the predominant factor of the PTFE ablation was revealed as a radiation power of SF₆ arc. Subsequently, the radiation power absorbed in PTFE was formulated on the basis of the radiation transfer property and the arc physics. The formulation for the prediction of the PTFE ablated mass was established with the formulated radiation power and the measured masses. Finally, the validity of the PTFE ablated mass prediction was shown from the results of the error verification with the measured masses.     

Development of 72‐kV high‐pressure air‐insulated GIS with vacuum circuit breaker

SF₆ gas has excellent dielectric strength and interruption performance. For these reasons, it has been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS). However, use of SF₆ gas has become regulated under agreements set at the 1997 COP3. Thus, investigation and development for GIS with a lower amount of SF₆ gas are being carried out worldwide. Presently, SF₆‐free GIS has been commercialized for the 24‐kV class. Air or N₂ gas is used as the insulation gas for this GIS. On the other hand, SF₆‐free GIS has not been commercialized for the 72‐kV‐class GIS. The dielectric strengths of air and N₂ gas are approximately one‐third that of SF₆ gas. To enhance the insulation performance of air and N₂ we have investigated a hybrid gas insulation system which has the combined features of providing an insulation coating and suitable insulation gas. We have developed the world's first 72‐kV SF₆‐free GIS. This paper deals with key technologies for SF₆‐free GIS, such as the hybrid insulation structure, a bellows for the high‐pressure vacuum circuit breaker, a newly designed disconnector and spacer, and prevention of particle levitation. Test results of the 72‐kV high‐pressure air‐insulated GIS with the vacuum circuit breaker are described. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(4): 13–23, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20451