考虑平抑风电波动的空调冷水机组群控策略

中央空调冷水机组的群控方式使空调系统具有一定的负荷调节能力,可以考虑与波动的风电机组出力相组合从而平抑风电波动性并确定可平抑风电机组的容量。为此,首先根据各台冷水机组的负荷效率特性建立模型,然后确定风电机组波动功率平抑量变化范围的计算方法,并在保证空调制冷/制热效果的前提下建立可平抑风电机组容量与冷水机组负荷分配的最优匹配模型,实现对风电功率接入电网波动性的缓冲。     

基于模糊决策树的变电站电压无功控制方法研究

变电研制的电压无功控制是保证电能质量和电力系统安全可靠运行的重要措施。本文分析当前电压无功控制方法存在的不足，把模糊决策树应用到这一领域，提出基于模糊决策树的变电站电压无功控制方法。模糊决策树融合了模糊理论和决策树的优点，不仅能很好地解决电压越限的模糊边界问题，而且能依据调压控制的限制条件优化原则和设备保护闭锁等信息进行综合决策，以实现电容器和变压器分接头在变电站各种运行状态下的最佳配全。用于某110kV变电站的实验表明，本方法能提高电压质量，减少设备调节次数，具有良好的控制性能。     

基于模糊控制的混合储能平抑风电功率波动

风电功率波动对电网造成不容忽视的影响。风电并网处加入混合储能系统可以有效地降低风电对电网的影响。首先按照风电并网波动量要求,估算出某时刻的预估风电波动量。然后根据风电预估波动功率以及电池当前的能量状态建立模糊控制器,输出平抑系数K1,并计算出混合储能系统的实际输出功率以及风储并网功率。最后利用需混合储能SOE变化量以及超级电容器当前能量状态,建立模糊控制器,输出分配系数K2,计算当前超级电容器和电池的实际输出功率,并实时更新混合储能的能量状态。通过算例证明,在混合储能容量充足和不足的情况下协调控制算法均可靠、有效,并且能够充分解决混合储能使用寿命和风电功率波动平抑度之间的矛盾。     

基于粒子群算法的变电站电压无功综合控制

变电站电压无功综合控制的作用是在负荷和电压波动情况下向用户提供合格的电能,降低网损。近年来已开发出许多电压无功综合控制优化算法。根据负荷预测,全局规划,寻求最优控制策略,是较先进的一种方法。文章阐述在负荷预测精度不断提高的基础上,如何建立变电站电压无功控制的求解模型,利用改进的粒子群算法求取变电站电压无功最优控制策略。对实例的计算结果表明,利用该算法得出的控制策略与传统方法相比控制效果更优,且能提高系统的安全性和经济性。     

A control strategy for leveling load power fluctuations with a successive learning fuzzy-neural network based on prediction of average load power

The effective usage of power facilities can be realized by leveling the fluctuating active power and compensating the reactive power. A fuzzy control strategy of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) has been proposed for this purpose. The control results depend on the values of the scaling factors in fuzzy reasoning. Therefore, to obtain better control results, the scaling factor should be successively adjusted according to the load power fluctuations. In this paper, a control strategy based on autotuning of scaling factors and a fuzzy singleton reasoning method using backpropagation in a neural network is proposed for leveling load fluctuations. The prediction and revision of the teaching signal in terms of the energy of the SMES is proposed. The learning rate and the revision of the teaching signal are discussed. Better leveling of load power fluctuation is shown to be achievable by using fuzzy logic and neural networks. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(2): 72–81, 1997     

联网型高耗能电解铝工业电网源荷协调平抑风电功率波动控制策略

对于含有大规模新能源接入的联网型高耗能工业电网,新能源功率波动势必产生联络线功率波动以及额外备用容量费用,不利于工业电网经济运行。通过对工业电网内部火电机组与电解铝负荷联合控制进行建模,提出源荷协调平抑风电功率控制策略。基于模型预测控制方法,将电解铝负荷和火电机组调节范围以及响应速率作为约束条件,以平抑风电功率波动为控制目标,优化电解铝负荷和火电机组的有功功率调节量,减少由风电功率波动引起的联络线备用容量。以云南文山地区某个工业电网为例进行仿真,结果表明所提的源荷协调控制策略可以有效实现对工业电网内部风电功率波动的平抑,限制与大电网联络线上的有功功率交换。     

A constant DC voltage control based compensation method of an active power quality compensator for electrified railways

This paper proposes a novel and simple control method for the active power quality compensators (APQCs) used in electrified railways. The proposed method uses only the constant dc capacitor voltage control block, which is commonly used in the APQCs. No detection blocks of the harmonic, reactive, and negative-sequence components are necessary. Thus we offer the simplest way to compensate the harmonic, reactive, and negative-sequence currents on the primary side of the Scott transformer in the traction substation. The basic principle of the proposed control method is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation usingPSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the balanced source currents with the unity power factor are obtained on the primary side with the proposed control method, which uses only the constant dc capacitor voltage control. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于模糊专家推理的500kV变电站自动调压控制方法研究

变电站的电压无功控制是保证电能质量和电力系统安全可靠运行的重要措施。本文分析了当前电压无功控制方法存在的不足，把模糊推理和专家系统相结合，提出一种500kV变电站新型电压无功控制方法。本方法利用模糊推理处理模糊性和不确定性问题的优点，很好地解决了电压越限的模糊边界问题，克服了固定边界控制方法存在的不足。同时，依据专家系统很强的逻辑推理和问题综合的能力，综合调压控制的限制条件、优化原则和设备保护闭锁信息等，实现电容器、电抗器和变压器分接头在变电站各种运行状态下的最佳配合。实验表明，本方法能大大改善变电站系统的调压控制性能、提高电压质量，具有良好的应用价值。     

A power smoothing control method for a photovoltaic generation system using a water electrolyzer and its filtering characteristics

This paper proposes a novel power smoothing control method for a photovoltaic generation (PV) system using a water electrolyzer (ELY). This method realizes that the long‐period components of the PV power fluctuation are supplied to the power grid and the short‐period components of the PV power fluctuation are supplied to the ELY. The power supplied to the ELY is converted to hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. The results of the power smoothing control method are evaluated in terms of the power in the load frequency control (LFC) band and the ability of generating hydrogen. Furthermore, filtering characteristics of the proposed method are clarified. As the result, the proposed method has reduced the power in LFC band by 83.7% compared to the PV power without the power smoothing control. The filter characteristics of the proposed method have shown that fluctuating components with periods less than 1000 seconds, in which the step voltage regulator does not perform, can be sufficiently eliminated from the PV power fluctuation components. When applying the proposed method for a PV system rated at 800 kW, the ability of generating hydrogen was about 2.30% of the hydrogen required for one hydrogen station.     

A method for load frequency control using battery in power system with highly penetrated photovoltaic generation

It is generally believed that large battery systems will be needed to store surplus electric energy due to the high penetration of renewable energy (RE) such as photovoltaic generation (PV). Since the main objective of high penetration of RE is to reduce CO₂ emissions, reducing kWh output of thermal generation that emits large amounts of CO₂ in power systems should be sufficiently considered. However, thermal generation plays an important role in load frequency control (LFC) of power systems. Therefore, if LFC could be performed with batteries and hydropower generation, the kWh output of thermal generation could be reduced significantly. This paper presents a method of LFC using batteries in a power system with highly penetrated PVs. An assessment of the effect of the proposed method considering mutual smoothing effect of highly penetrated PVs is made. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(4): 22–31, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22425     

A new position‐sensorless position control method for high‐speed spindle systems

This paper proposes a new position‐sensorless position control method for high‐speed spindle drive systems. Mechanical vulnerability of position sensors such as an encoder mounted on a spindle motor is becoming a serious problem as required speed increases. For high speeds above 1500 rad/s, sensorless drive is preferred. It is possible for current technologies to control spindle motor in speed control mode without the sensor, but not in position control mode without the sensor. In the example of high‐speed spindle systems of automatic machine tools, implements must be automatically attached to and removed from the spindle at standstill. Automation necessitates position control, for which current technologies require a sensor. The proposed method makes it possible to realize pure sensorless high‐speed spindle systems performing in both speed and a position control modes. The method can attain a position control performance with quick settling from speed control and a repetitive positioning precision of 0.006 rad, 0.4°, which is comparable to that achieved by current sensor‐based methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(3): 58–69, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10059     

基于EWT的分布式光储PCC功率波动自适应平抑方法

分布式光伏在交流侧公共连接点(point of common coupling, PCC)汇流的功率有较大的随机性与波动性,影响电网的稳定运行。为此,提出了基于经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform, EWT)的分布式光储PCC功率自适应平抑方法。首先,针对混合储能(hybrid energy storage system, HESS)与分布式光伏接入PCC的典型场景,在分析EWT自适应处理波形的特点后,结合功率波动率与储能元件的响应特性,对PCC的光伏原始汇流功率进行EWT分解与优化修正,实现HESS的功率初级分配。之后为避免HESS的荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)频繁越限,提出了一种主动功率补偿的SOC控制策略,通过主动改变储能的参考信号使其SOC在安全范围内工作。结合实际数据的仿真验证表明,该平抑方法能够自适应地实现光伏出力的合理分解与功率分配,在延长储能使用寿命的同时有效满足并网功率波动的要求,为平抑光伏输出功率波动提供了新思路。     

Control schemes and transient characteristics of a high‐speed phase shifter for power flow control in power transmission systems

In recent years, attention has been paid to the concept of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), along with significant progress in power electronic technology. A high‐speed phase shifter, which is one of the most promising devices in the FACTS concept, has the potential of power flow control and/or voltage stability in power transmission systems. In this paper, theory and experiment reveal that conventional high‐speed phase shifters may cause power swings in a transient state as a result of coupling between instantaneous active and reactive power control loops. Thus, two new control schemes for a high‐speed phase shifter are proposed to achieve both power flow control and power swing damping. The second proposed control scheme is based on the control scheme of an already proposed series active filter. Simulated and experimental results agree well with analytical results, not only in steady states but also in transient states. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 128(2): 74–82, 1999     

平滑光伏功率波动的储能系统充放电控制策略研究

在光伏发电系统中配备一定的储能装置可以平滑光伏发电的功率波动,提高系统的供电可靠性,增强电网的调控能力。以光储联合发电系统为研究对象,在滤波原理的基础上,设计了一种计及电池充放电深度的储能系统充放电控制策略。该策略计及储能电池荷电状态,防止过度充放电加快其寿命老损,通过调节储能系统输出有功功率,对光伏出力波动进行动态补偿。以无锡市某屋顶光伏电站为例进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,所提策略能够充分考虑储能系统容量配置,最大程度的动态平滑光伏发电系统输出功率波动,有效延长储能电池使用寿命。     

A high‐speed reclosing method to improve the stability in a power system

This paper proposes a high‐speed reclosing operating method to improve the stability in a power system. The proposed method calculates the reclosing time, taking a standard case in which the reclosing is not done using the generator phase angle δ, and the angular velocity ω, and the field system voltage ed′. Also, the execution of reclosing time is calculated, while taking into consideration the acceleration/deceleration energy of the generator during a fault. It can be expected that δ is suppressed by this optimum reclosing operation. Therefore, the system stability can be expected to improve by carrying out high‐speed reclosing when a fault occurs. At present, it has been set at a value which seems to be optimal considering various problems in the reclosing time. However, in those methods, the system stability improvement effect cannot be expected. It was demonstrated that the high‐speed reclosing method serves to depress δ in the computer simulation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 147(2): 13–21, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10317     

基于光伏减载的电力系统紧急降风险控制方法

光伏发电系统通常运行于最大功率点,难以在紧急条件下为电网提供功率支撑.受制于建设和运行成本,储能的大规模应用还难以实现,同步发电机占比的降低使得含高比例光伏发电的电网安全风险不断增加.为此,分析了光伏发电系统的功率特性和稳定运行条件,提出了通过光伏减载运行预留备用功率从而为电网提供紧急功率支撑的思想.进而分析了协议发电...     

基于模糊边界和双九区图的变电站电压无功控制策略研究

介绍了变电站电压无功综合控制的基本原理,为提高变电站的控制性能,在高压侧电压正常时引入了模糊边界的无功调节判据,在建立数学模型的基础上得出了基于模糊边界无功判据的控制策略,通过对九区细分图和模糊边界无功判据的研究,分析了基于模糊边界无功判据的控制策略特点;在高压侧电压越限时采用双九区图控制策略,它能提高系统电压稳定性,保证变电站安全稳定运行。这种分高压侧电压正常和越限两种情况的综合控制策略更符合人的判别思维,能减少分接头调节和电压波动的次数。与传统的九区图控制相比较,这种综合控制策略能提高变压器分接头使用     

A power decoupling control method for an isolated single‐phase AC‐to‐DC converter based on a high‐frequency cycloconverter

This paper proposes a new power decoupling method for a high‐frequency cycloconverter which converts the single‐phase line‐frequency ac input to the high‐frequency ac output directly. The cycloconverter consists of two half‐bridge inverters, two input filter capacitors, and a series‐resonant circuit. The proposed power decoupling method stores the input power ripple at double the line frequency in the filter capacitors. Therefore, the proposed method achieves a unity power factor in ac input and a constant current amplitude in the high‐frequency output without any additional switching device or energy storage element. This paper theoretically discusses the principle and operating performance of the proposed power decoupling method, and the viability is confirmed by using an experimental isolated ac‐to‐dc converter based on the high‐frequency cycloconverter. As a result, the proposed power decoupling method effectively improved the displacement power factor in the line current to more than 0.99 and reduced the output voltage ripple to 4% without any electrolytic capacitor.     

A constant DC voltage control‐based strategy for an active power quality compensator in electrified railways with improved response

This paper proposes a constant DC voltage control‐based strategy for an active power quality compensator (APQC) used in electrified railways. The proposed strategy consists of only an I‐PD‐based constant DC capacitor voltage control with an added moving‐average type low‐pass filter (LPF). The added LPF improves the response of the constant DC capacitor voltage control for the APQC. Thus we offer the simplest control method for the APQC used in electrified railways with improved response. The basic principle of the proposed control strategy is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that balanced source currents with unity power factor are obtained on the primary side of the Scott transformer in the traction substation systems, improving the response by one‐fourth as compared to that of the previously proposed control method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A DC‐side damping control method for power converters to suppress resonance in DC power network

This paper describes a damping control method of power converters for suppression of resonance in DC power network. The resonance occurs when a resonant frequency of the DC distribution line coincides with the frequency of the harmonic or interharmonic components generated by the power converters. For detailed investigation, a combined system which consists of a pulse‐width modulated (PWM) rectifier and a PWM inverter is treated as the simplest example. To suppress the resonance, a DC‐side damping control method is proposed and its implementation and design method are discussed in detail. Then, the proposed damping control method is applied to the combined system of a PWM rectifier and a PWM inverter. Experimental results verify the validity and practicability of the proposed damping control method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.