基于改进接收信号强度指示的室内定位算法

为了提高室内环境节点定位精度,针对传统定位算法的不足,提出一种改进接收信号强度指示的室内定位算法。首先通过神经网络对各锚节点接收信号强度的权值进行拟合,得到路径损耗模型的参数值,然后利用最大似然法对未知节点进行定位,最后采用仿真实验测试其性能。结果表明,相对其它室内定位算法,本文算法提高了室内定位的精度,降低了平均定位误差,可以满足室内定位的实时性要求。     

An Algorithm for the Design of a Cost-Optimized Topology for the Fixed Part of a GSM Network

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Mobile Station Positioning Using GSM Cellular Phone and Artificial Neural Networks

In this paper, we describe a novelapproach to mobile station positioning using a GSMmobile phone. The approach is based on the use of aninherent feature of the GSM cellular system (themobile phone continuously measures radio signalstrengths from a number of the nearest base stations(antennas)) and on the use of this information to estimatethe phone's location. The current values of the signalstrengths are processed by a trained artificial neuralnetwork executed at the computer attached to themobile phone to estimate the position of the mobilestation in real time. The neural network configurationis obtained by using a genetic algorithm that searchesthe space of specific neural network types anddetermines which one provides the best locationestimation results. Two general methods are explored:the first is based on using a neural network forclassification and the second uses functionapproximation. The experimental results are reportedand discussed.     

基于RSSI多边定位误差的加权质心定位算法

为了优化无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)中的定位算法, 提高节点定位精度, 提出一种基于多边定位误差的加权质心算法。分析了无线电的路径损耗模型, 建立基于信号接收强度(Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI)和距离关系的对数拟合测距公式, 给出了求解未知节点坐标的多边定位法和位置估算模型。多组数据定位后, 以定位误差值的倒数作为权值, 改进传统的质心算法, 并讨论了参考点个数的选取与误差的关系。实验表明: 改进后的加权质心比传统质心定位精度进一步提高, 选择4~5个参考节点具有良好的定位效果。     

Outage Performance with Handover Triggering in Cellular Mobile Networks

An approach to performance evaluation of cellular mobile networksis proposed, which includes the behavior of handover algorithmsin the computation of outage probability.In a general system scenario, with a central cluster and interferingbase stations, the average outage probability is computed along a trip of themobile terminal that involves crossing the boundary between adjacent cells.The effects of correlated co-channel interferersare accounted for in the computationof outage probability, as well as in the dynamics of a relative signalstrengthhandover algorithm.Numerical results are provided and discussed as obtained over a wide rangeof values of system parameters, namely cluster size and channel parameters.Trade-off curves are shown in terms of outage probability and cross-overpoint versus the average number of handovers, and possible design criteriaare outlined.It is also seen that the local outage analysis (without handover triggering)can be referred to as a lower performance bound in cases of practicalinterest.     

基于RSSI的无线传感器网络环境参数分析与修正方案

定位技术是无线传感器网络数据采集的基础服务,而定位精度的高低在很大程度上取决于距离测量的精度。基于RSSI（接收信号强度）测距技术无须添加任何硬件设施、用较少的通信开销和较低的实现复杂度,十分适应于能量受限的无线传感器网络。通过对RSSI测距模型进行分析,并提出一种针对室内环境的参数修正方案。通过自行研发的传感器节点Ubicell上进行验证分析,实验表明,采用环境参数修正方案后,明显提高了测距的精度。     

SINR Enhancement Techniques for an IS-95 Downlink SIC Receiver

Due to near-far effects and multiple-access interference, several types of multiuser detectors have been developed in recent years to reliably demodulate user signals in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. The downlink of Interim Standard 95 (IS-95) is particularly well suited to one such detector known as the successive interference canceler (SIC). In order to keep the receiver complexity low, entire base station signals are typically canceled in the receiver in a sequential manner. However, for the SIC to operate effectively, a base station signal that is being canceled must be reconstructed with enough accuracy such that sufficient interference power is removed for the subsequent base station to be reliably detected. If this is not possible, it may be necessary to employ techniques, specific to the signal format specified in the IS-95 downlink, which enhance the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). In this paper, we explore the performance gains achieved with several SINR enhancement techniques, and present computer simulations to demonstrate this improvement for example cochannel signal scenarios.     

声表面波室内定位系统与算法研究

鉴于声表面波技术的无源优势,搭建了由声表面波标签和阅读器构成的室内定位系统,在测量标签回波信号强度时,可有效减小多径效应的影响。设计了以三边定位为基础的定位算法,包括测距、选星、位置估计3个阶段,分析了3个定位圆之间位置关系可能出现的全部情况,并有针对性地进行自适应修正。仿真测试结果验证了定位算法的定位误差小于根心法和加权质心法。系统测试结果表明,定位系统可实现2 m×2 m的定位,平均定位误差为31.84 cm。室内定位系统和算法以较少的锚节点实现了较小的室内定位误差。     

基于改进指纹聚类的WLAN定位优化方法

将K-means聚类算法应用到无线局域网（WLAN）位置指纹定位中,虽然可以缩短定位时间,但是容易降低定位精度。为了解决此问题,提出了基于改进指纹聚类的WLAN定位优化方法。首先根据接收信号强度标准差来优化初始聚类中心的选取,然后对指纹数据进行聚类处理,最后进行在线定位。实验结果表明,与传统的WLAN位置指纹定位方法和K-means聚类定位方法相比,基于改进指纹聚类的定位优化方法不仅缩短了定位时间,还能有效提高定位精度。     

基于RSSI和惯性导航的融合室内定位算法

针对目前对高精度室内定位算法的需求,提出一种基于接收信号强度识别（RSSI）和惯性导航的融合室内定位算法。基于无线传感网中ZigBee节点的RSSI值,采用位置指纹识别算法,对网络中的未知节点进行定位。结合惯性传感单元（IMU）提供的惯性数据,对RSSI定位结果进行融合修正。利用Kalman滤波器,采用状态方程描述待定位节点位置坐标的动态变化规律,从而实现一种以无线传感网络定位为主、IMU为辅的融合定位方法。仿真结果表明,提出的融合定位算法既能改善单独使用RSSI定位受环境干扰较大的问题,又能避免单独使用惯性导航带来的累积误差,极大地提高了定位精度。     

Effects of Sectorization on Cellular Radio Systems Capacity with Different Traffic Loads

The application of cell sectorization as a mean to improve a cellular radiosystem Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), and hence capacity, is investigated.To assess the usefulness of sectorization, a lower bound to the Shannoncapacity of the uplink channel of a cellular systemis evaluated, with perfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver,versus the reuse distance and the traffic loading. In the paper, two different rules for the use of sectored antennasare presented and analyzed in terms of their effect on system capacity.The sectorized system performance is compared with the performance ofa conventional system using omni-directional antennas at the base stations (BS).     

Spectral efficiency of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access in cellular mobile radio

In this paper, the spectral efficiency achieved by a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system operating in a cellular mobile radio environment is discussed. In contrast to previous works, here, spectral efficiency is examined in terms of channel capacity per user, estimated in an average sense, and the system's inherent diversity potential is considered. The analysis covers only the forward link, assuming a static model of operation for the considered DS-CDMA system. In addition, it is shown that the application of a power control scheme leads to spectral efficiency enhancement due to cochannel interference reduction. Hence, the derived expressions provide a means for quantitative evaluation of cellular DS-CDMA spectral efficiency with respect to multiple-access and cochannel interference. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于RSSR融合RNGO-Elman神经网络的室内可见光定位

针对动态环境下基于接收信号强度的传统可见光定位方法定位精度低、稳定性差等问题,提出一种基于接收信号强度比的改进北方苍鹰算法(NGO)优化Elman神经网络(RNGO-Elman)的室内可见光定位系统。提出选择一个辅助参考点,将待测参考点与辅助参考点的接收信号强度比值和接收机的真实位置作为训练集数据,建立不受动态环境影响的指纹数据库。针对NGO算法收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优等问题,利用折射反向学习策略初始化种群,增加种群多样性,引入非线性权重因子来加快收敛速度,避免陷入局部最优。使用优化后的NGO算法来优化Elman神经网络的初始权值和阈值,构建RNGO-Elman动态定位预测模型。仿真结果表明,在4m×4m×3m的实验空间下,优化后的RNGO-Elman定位模型平均定位误差为1.34cm,定位精度相较于Elman定位算法、NGO-Elman定位算法分别提高了82%,21%。在LED发射功率波动时,基于RSSR的RNGO-Elman定位误差为1.29cm,1.38cm。所提可见光定位方法具有定位精度高、定位性能稳定等优点。     

一种基于RSS的环境自适应目标定位算法

目标定位是无线传感器网络的重要应用之一,但是基于接收信号强度(RSS)的定位方法通常因为非合作目标未知其发射功率以及不同环境下难以获取准确的路径衰减指数而无法实现准确定位,得不到广泛应用。提出了一种环境自适应的未知目标定位算法,能够实现对未知信号发射功率的目标进行准确定位,同时不断更新路径衰减指数动态适应环境,从而使提高了算法的适用性。     

基于接收信号强度指示的AP簇测距方法

对移动目标的高精度测距是室内定位的关键。室内环境中无线接入点（Access Point, AP）采集的移动目标设备的接收信号强度指示（Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI）受阴影衰落波动严重。受到RSSI采集频率和目标机动能力的限制,AP采集到的RSSI样本量少,导致基于RSSI测距精度差。为提高基于RSSI对移动目标测距的精度,本文提出了基于RSSI的AP簇测距（AP Cluster Ranging, APCR）方法。该方法通过对多个AP进行位置约束组成AP簇采集移动目标设备的RSSI,在相同采集频率下可获得更多的RSSI样本。利用RSSI波动特点,使用最大值选取和Dixon检验相结合的方式从AP簇采集的RSSI样本中筛选出高质量的RSSI样本,以提高对移动目标的测距精度。仿真和实验结果表明,与传统RSSI处理方法相比,本方法在室内环境简单或复杂时都具有更高的测距精度,在少量RSSI采集次数下同样能保持较高精度,更能满足对移动目标测距的需求。     

移动无线传感器网络定位算法研究

为了解决移动无线传感器网络中节点的自身定位问题,提出了一种基于运动预测的定位算法。该算法利用节点运动的连续性和接收信号强度测距方式,保存其最近两组历史位置信息,并结合节点当前的状态来估计自身位置。它不需要额外的硬件支持与较高的信标节点密度,满足复杂传输环境的应用要求。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的定位精度,节点随机运动时的定位误差约为15%,而直线运动时只有12%。     

相关性分析在CDMA系统馈线检查中的应用

本文简单介绍了应用相关性分析对CDMA系统馈线进行检查的基本原理,结合实际的应用,验证了该方法为天馈系统的故障排查提供了一种新的便捷手段。     

Location service for wireless network using improved RSS-based cellular localisation

Value-added services, especially in mobile environments, have recently become the key component of making more profit and attracting more subscribers. One of the most commonly used such service is location-based advertiser services. The main issue which should be considered in providing such services is determining the position of the mobile terminals precisely. In this paper, one pattern recognition localisation method based on the signal strength appropriated for implementing a location-based service is presented. The main aim is to introduce some practical solutions to decrease error and computational load and also eliminate the necessity of updating the database. Practical results illustrate high accuracy of this technique and its suitability to apply in such services. The mean error declines to 9.7 m and mean error corresponding to CDF = 67% and CDF = 95% are less than 11 m and 23 m, respectively. We also present a location-based advertising service, in which the customer’s interests and local time are considered, in order to enhance the efficiency and individualism of this service.