Effect of shrinkage reducing admixture on tensile and flexural behaviors of UHPFRC considering fiber distribution characteristics

This study investigated the effect of shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) on the properties of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) including fluidity, compressive, single fiber pullout, tensile and flexural behaviors. In addition, the influence of fiber distribution characteristics such as fiber orientation, fiber dispersion, number of fibers, and packing density on the flexural behavior of UHPFRC was evaluated according to the amount of SRA, using an image processing technique that was developed. Three different SRA to cement weight ratios (0%, 1%, and 2%) were investigated on UHPFRC with 2 vol.% of steel fibers. The specimen without SRA exhibited the best performance in compressive, single fiber pullout, and tensile behaviors including load carrying capacity, strain capacity, and energy absorption capacity and had a highly densified interfacial transition zone between fiber and matrix. In particular, the flexural strength of UHPFRC varied with the fiber distribution characteristics, rather than the amount of SRA.     

Direct tensile behavior of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) at high strain rates

This experimental study investigates the direct tensile behavior of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) at strain rates ranging from 90 to 146/s. The tests are conducted using a recently developed impact testing system that uses suddenly released strain energy to generate an impact pulse. Three fiber types were considered, a twisted fiber and two other types of straight fibers. Specimen impact response was evaluated in terms of first cracking strength, post-cracking strength, energy absorption capacity and strain capacity. The test results indicate that specimens with twisted fibers generally exhibit somewhat better mechanical properties than specimens with straight fibers for the range of strain rates considered. All UHP-FRC series tested showed exceptional rate sensitivities in energy absorption capacity, generally becoming much more energy dissipative under increasing strain rates. This characteristic highlights the potential of UHP-FRC as a promising cement based material for impact- and blast-resistant applications.     

Low‐velocity impacts in continuous glass fiber/polypropylene composites

The low‐velocity impact behavior of a continuous glass fiber/polypropylene composite was investigated. Optical microscopy and ultrasonic scanning were used to determine the impact‐induced damage. At low impact energy, the predominant damage mechanism observed was matrix cracking, while at high energy the damage mechanisms observed were delamination, plastic deformation, which produced a residual specimen curvature, and a small amount of fiber breakage at the edge of the indentation on the impacted face of the specimens. The impact load vs. time signals were recorded during impact and showed that the load corresponding to the onset of delamination was independent of the impact energy in the range tested. The load at which the onset of delamination occurred corresponded to the values obtained by performing a linear regression of the delaminated area, obtained by ultrasonic scanning, as a function of the impact force. Tensile and flexural tests performed on impacted specimens showed that the tensile and flexural residual strengths and the flexural modulus decreased with increasing incident impact energy, while the post‐impact residual tensile modulus remained constant. The dynamic interlaminar fracture toughness was evaluated from the critical dynamic (impact) strain energy release rate of specimens with a delamination simulated by an embedded insert. The results are compared with the interlaminar fracture toughness values obtained during subcritical steady crack growth.     

A new model for the cracking process and tensile ductility of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC)

Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) are materials exhibiting tensile hardening behavior up to several percent strain accompanied by the formation of fine multiple cracks. Their tensile ductility is governed by the spacing and opening of cracks, which depend on the stress transfer between the fibers and the matrix. In this article, a new analytic model which takes into consideration the effects of non-uniform matrix strength, post-cracking increase in fiber bridging stress and fiber rupture on stress transfer and multiple cracking behavior of SHCC is developed. Using material parameters within the range reported in the literature, simulation results can reach reasonable agreement with test data on SHCC for two different fiber contents. The effect of fiber length on tensile behavior of SHCC is then simulated to illustrate the applicability of the model to material design. The new model should be helpful to the micromechanics-based design of SHCC for various ductility requirements.     

Piezoresistive behavior of epoxy matrix‐carbon fiber composites with different reinforcement arrangements

In this work, the self‐monitoring capability of epoxy matrix‐carbon fiber composites has been studied. Different concentrations and arrangements of reinforcements were used, including random chopped, unidirectional and bi‐directional continuous carbon fibers, weaved and nonweaved. Mechanical properties were determined by uniaxial tensile tests. The composite electric to mechanical behavior was established by determining its electrical resistivity variation as a function of the stress‐strain curve. It was observed that the composites electrical resistance increased during tensile tests, a trend that indicates piezoresistive behavior. The increase was linear for the chopped reinforced composites, while it exhibits different slopes in the continuous reinforced composites. The initial smaller slope corresponds mainly to separation of the 90° oriented fibers and/or transversal cracking of the matrix, whereas the latter higher slope is caused by fiber fracture. The results demonstrated how each reinforcement configuration exhibited a unique and typical electrical response depending on the specific reinforcement, which might be appropriate either for strain‐monitoring or damage‐monitoring. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

截面尺寸对CC+CFRP共同约束钢筋混凝土方柱受力性能的影响

截面尺寸对于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)约束柱的性能具有重要影响,鉴于CFRP在特殊环境中的耐久性问题,提出了碳纤维布与混凝土帆布(CC)联合加固方式,通过两种加固方案(CFRP加固和CFRP+CC共同加固)的矩形钢筋混凝土方柱轴压试验,研究了不同截面尺寸对混凝土方柱轴向受压承载力的影响,分析了加固后混凝土方柱的破坏形态和延性.结果表明:随着柱截面尺寸的增大,试件的持荷平台变小,截面应力、应变和延性系数均减小;CC+CFRP复合加固柱的承载力和延性较CFRP加固对照组均得到提高,破坏形态也得到明显改善.     

Flexural behavior of fiber and nanoparticle reinforced concrete at high temperatures

In this study, the flexural tests were conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, steel fiber, nano‐SiO₂, and nano‐CaCO₃ on flexural behavior of concrete at high temperatures. The load‐deflection curves of fiber and nanoparticle reinforced concrete (FNRC) were measured both at room and high temperatures. Test results show that the load‐deflection curves become flatter, and the flexural strength, peak deflection, and energy absorption capacity decrease seriously with the increase of temperature. Both steel fiber and nanoparticles could significantly improve the flexural behavior of the concrete at room and high temperatures. The energy absorption capacity of FNRC before the peak point increases with the increase of steel fiber volume fraction. The improvement of nano‐SiO₂ on flexural strength of FNRC at high temperature is better than that at room temperature, but the enhancement on energy absorption capacity is reverse. Nano‐SiO₂ is more effective than nano‐CaCO₃ in improving flexural behavior of concrete both at room and high temperatures.     

Development of gypsum-based composites with tensile strain-hardening characteristics

Brittle nature of gypsum restrains its wide application in construction industry. For improvement, a novel type of composite material, gypsum-based engineered cementitious composites (GS-ECC), was developed using specially chosen polyethylene (PE) fibers. This study investigated the rheological and mechanical properties of GS-ECC, that is, workability, uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior, flexural strength, etc The investigation showed that GS-ECC possessed excellent tensile strain-hardening behavior and saturated cracking characteristics with the average tensile strain capacity more than 5%. To explore the underlying mechanism, the microstructure of interface transition zone (ITZ) between gypsum crystals and PE fibers were investigated through the use of SEM. Single fiber pull-out test, bending-fracture test, and single crack tension test were conducted to investigate the mesoscopic properties from fiber/matrix interface to matrix toughness and fiber bridging capacity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving strain-hardening gypsum-based composites by adding the PE fibers.     

高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的弯曲行为

高韧性的PVA-HPFRCC具有很高的能量吸收能力,但强度通常较低。本文采用工业废料(粉煤灰、硅灰等)替代部分水泥来制备高强度的PVA-HPFRCC,并研究粉煤灰、硅灰掺量以及PVA纤维体积掺量对高强度HPFRCC的弯曲行为的影响。研究结果表明:大掺量粉煤灰替代水泥可有效改善HPFRCC的应变-硬化特性,当粉煤灰掺量达到胶凝材料重量的60%时,其应变-硬化特性发挥的最为明显;增加PVA纤维体积掺量可提高HPFRCC的抗弯承载力和达到极限荷载时的变形能力,硅灰则降低了HPFRCC的韧性。     

粉煤灰掺量对PVA-ECC性能的影响

采用粉煤灰替代部分水泥(40%、50%、60%和70%(质量分数))进行聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)的力学性能、韧性、抗渗性能研究;建立了PVA-ECC抗压强度与其极限拉伸强度、弯曲荷载、弯曲韧性指数、挠度及抗渗性能之间的相关性;同时还进行了PVA-ECC渗水高度的统计数据概率分布分析。结果表明,随粉煤灰含量增加,强度逐渐下降,极限拉伸应变逐渐增大,韧性指数、能量吸收能力及跨中挠度逐渐增大,各组别抗渗性能相对于粉煤灰40%含量组别均有所提升。建立抗压强度与其余指标之间相关性,得到一套完整的强度、韧性、抗渗性的相关性理论体系。对PVA-ECC的渗水高度的频率分布直方图采用正态分布进行统计分析,得到渗水高度概率分布,同时计算出平均渗水高度95％置信区间。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土-沥青混凝土复合切口梁弯曲韧性研究

对旧沥青路面进行铣刨处理后,加铺的白色罩面层多采用纤维混凝土,为了研究聚丙烯纤维和沥青层表面凿毛处理对复合切口梁弯曲韧性的影响,采用掺加聚丙烯纤维和对沥青层表面凿毛处理的高性能混凝土-沥青混凝土(AC-13)复合切口梁进行三分点加载试验,得到了荷载与挠度、裂缝张开距离之间的关系曲线,并对复合梁的抗折强度、能量吸收值、等效抗弯拉强度进行了计算.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维与凿毛处理均能提高复合切口梁的弯曲性能,聚丙烯纤维的掺加提高了复合梁的抗折强度,每当聚丙烯纤维掺量的增加0.45时,feq1、feq2大约增加0.035 MPa,混凝土的能量吸收值也增加8%左右;凿毛处理大幅度提升了等效弯拉强度,等效弯拉强度feq1、feq2分别提升了0.05 MPa、0.03 MPa,凿毛处理对feq1的提升效果比feq2更明显,使得复合梁的能量吸收值平均提升了20%.     

高延性水泥基复合材料的断裂性能分析

实验测试了不同纤维掺量下的高延性水泥基复合材料的载荷—挠度曲线,并对试件加载过程中的声发射信号进行收集,分析了试件断裂后的裂纹分布及纤维在基材中的破坏形式。结果发现:(1)当纤维体积掺量2.0%时,水泥基材的极限挠度、极限抗弯承载力分别可达20.16mm、19.47MPa;(2)高延性水泥基复合材料破坏主要来自于微裂纹的萌生、扩展以及损伤积累过程,试件从加载至完全破坏的时间为素水泥基复合材料破坏持续时间的2~5倍;(3)高延性水泥基复合材料中纤维的破坏以纤维被拔出和纤维被拉断两种模式,试件表现出明显的多缝开裂特征。     

Short Nylon Fibre Reinforced PP: Melt Rheology

Short fiber reinforced thermoplastics have generated much interest these days since fibrous materials tend to increase both mechanical and thermal properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, heat deflection temperature, creep resistance, and some times impact strength of thermoplastics. If the matrix and reinforcement are both based on polymers the composite are recyclable. The rheological behavior of recyclable composites based on nylon fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) is reported in this paper. The rheological behavior was evaluated both using a capillary rheometer and a torque rheometer. The study showed that the composite became pseudoplastic with fiber content and hence fiber addition did not affect processing adversely at higher shear rates. The torque rheometer data resembled that obtained from the capillary rheometer. The energy of mixing and activation energy of mixing also did not show much variation from that of PP alone.     

BFRP筋再生混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过7根玄武岩纤维(BFRP)筋再生混凝土梁和1根钢筋再生混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验,研究了不同纵筋配筋率与再生骨料取代率对BFRP筋再生混凝土梁受弯性能的影响,分析其承载力变化过程、破坏形态、挠度变形与裂缝发展情况,并与钢筋再生混凝土梁进行对比。结果表明,BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的破坏形式有少筋和超筋破坏两种,分别由BFRP筋拉断和受压区再生混凝土压碎控制。合理配筋的BFRP筋再生混凝土梁破坏前产生的挠度较大,且受拉BFRP筋的应变也较大,说明合理配筋的BRPP筋再生混凝土梁具有一定的延性,能较好地发挥两种材料的性能。BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的裂缝宽度和裂缝条数受再生骨料取代率影响较小,而受配筋率影响较大。此外,BFRP筋再生混凝土梁的初裂荷载相比钢筋再生混凝土梁略低,但极限荷载却有明显提高。     

Ultra-strong gel-spun UHMWPE fibers reinforced using multiwalled carbon nanotubes

This paper reports the use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to reinforce and toughen gel-spun ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. By adding 5 wt% MWCNT, ultra strong fibers with tensile strengths of 4.2 GPa and strain at break of ∼5% can be produced. In comparison with the pure UHMWPE fiber at the same draw ratios, these values represent increases of 18.8% in tensile strength and 15.4% in ductility. In addition, a 44.2% increase in energy to fracture has also been observed. The mechanism of reinforcement has been studied using a combination of high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Carbon nanotube alignment along the tensile draw direction has been observed at high elongation ratios. Such alignment induces strong interfacial load transfer both at small and large strains to enhance the stiffness and tensile strength of the composite fiber. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the composite fiber follow closely with the rule of mixtures. Our work also reveals potential for positive deviation from rule of mixtures if the CNT alignment can be further optimized.     

Effect of matrix ductility and interface treatment on mechanical properties of glass fiber mat composites

The influence of matrix properties on randomly oriented glass fiber epoxy composites has been studied. It is shown that an increased ductility (flexibility) of the matrix does not result in greater elongation to failure of the composite under tensile and flexural loads. The tensile (and flexural) strength and the modulus of elasticity are decreased as the ductility of the resin is increased. It is concluded that since the matrix material is subjected to a triaxial state of stress when the composite specimen is subjected to uniaxial loads, the effect of matrix modulus, Poisson's ratio, and yield strength are more important than the matrix ductility measured under uniaxial stress. The effect on mechanical properties of various surface treatments applied to the fibers is also investigated. Finally, scanning electron micrographs are presented showing matrix cracks, fiber debonding, and fiber pull-out.     

Mechanical Behavior of Several Hybrid Ceramic-Matrix-Composite Laminates

Several different hybrid laminated composites comprised of alternating layers of dense ceramic sheets (either SiC or Si₃N₄) and fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix-composite (CMC) layers (Nicalon fibers with either glass or glass-ceramic matrices) have been fabricated and characterized. The effects of the reinforcement architecture (unidirectional vs cross-ply) and the relative volume fractions of the phases on the tensile and flexural properties have been examined. Comparisons have been made with the properties of the constituent layers. Rudimentary models have been developed to describe the onset of cracking and for the minimum volume fraction of CMC required to develop multiple cracks and thus obtain a high failure strain.     

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Mica and Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites

In this study, the influence of short glass fiber and lamellar particle mica fillers on the mechanical properties of polyamide 6 was investigated. Reinforcement materials of 10 to 30% by weight were added to polyamide 6 polymers. Tests were carried out and the results showed that the strength and flexural modulus of the polyamide 6 composite increased with the increase in added short glass fiber and mica. However, tensile and flexural strength showed insensitivity to the increase in mica reinforcement content. Moreover, the impact strength and elongation at break values decreased with the increase in mica reinforcement ratio.     

玄武岩纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响

研究了掺入0．05％～0．35％的玄武岩纤维对混凝土的抗压强度,劈裂抗拉强度以及弯曲性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜对纤维在混凝土中的微观作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,当纤维的掺量在0．3％以内时,混凝土3 d、7 d、28 d的抗压、抗拉强度都有不同程度的提高,当掺量超过0．3％时,混凝土28 d的抗压、抗拉强度开始下降,且掺量越大,强度下降的也越多;弯曲试验结果表明,掺入0．05％～0．25％的玄武岩纤维后,混凝土的抗折强度平均提高7．96％,掺量为0．2％时,抗折强度提高17．0％,且掺入玄武岩纤维后,混凝土的应力-应变曲线有了明显的屈服点,混凝土的极限拉伸值增大,弹性模量降低,刚度减小,延性与柔性增加,混凝土的抗裂性增加,使用寿命延长。     

工程水泥基复合材料动态力学性能及抗爆抗冲击能力研究进展

工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)是一种基于微观力学设计的新型纤维增强水泥基材料,它通过连续稳态开裂过程表现出超高延性和韧性,从而克服了普通水泥基材料抗拉能力弱、易开裂的缺点。本文综述了ECC设计机理、动态力学性能及其在抗爆抗冲击方面的研究现状,分析了材料组分设计、高应变率和高温环境对ECC性能的影响,对ECC材料在抗爆抗冲击领域的进一步研究和发展提出了建议。