CAD mesh model simplification with assembly features preservation

This paper aims to investigate a CAD mesh model simplification method with assembly features preservation, in order to satisfy the requirement of assembly field for the information of 3D model. The proposed method simplifies a CAD mesh model as follows. Firstly, the notion of ＂conjugation＂ is incorporated into the definition of assembly features, with the purpose of benefitting the downstream applications such as assembly features recognition and preservation. Subsequently, the attributed adjacency graphs （AAGs） of the region- level-represented parts are established. The assembly features are automatically recognized by searching for conjugated subgraphs of every two AAGs based on subgraph isomorphism algorithm. In order to improve the efficiency of assembly features recognition, the characteristics of conjugated subgraphs are adopted to initialize the mapping matrix, and the ＂verifying while matching strategy＂ is used to verify the validity of every two newly founded vertices which are correspondingly matched. Then, simplified CAD mesh model with assembly features preserved is constructed after suppressing the common form features. The method is applied successfully to simplify the CAD mesh model with assembly features well preserved. Moreover, the tradeoff between the cost of time for conjugated subgraphs matching and the complexity of the to-be-matched parts is proven to be almost linear.     

基于STL三角网格模型简化的研究

针对STL三角网格模型简化中的相关问题进行了研究,并设计出了相应的算法.三角网格的简化过程包括网格删除和网格重建两个过程,在网格的删除中,根据设定的三角形的权重阚值选择删除被删除的三角形区域.在网格重建中,任意选择重建区域的一个顶点,通过渐进收缩的方式,将新生成的三角形边构造一个平衡二叉树,再以三角网格的适应度和平滑度为依据,找出所有二又树中最佳的分支,使重建的三角网格最优化.对两个实例进行探讨,实现对不同STL三角网格的验证,并以原始网格模型与简化后的网格模型进行对比,表明研究所得的简化网格模型既有效地实现了STL网格模型的简化,又保持了原有STL网格模型的基本特征,达到令人满意的结果.     

Geometric model simplification for distributed CAD

Visualization of CAD models in distributed design environment is an essential feature to support collaborative design. To efficiently transmit and render CAD models geometric simplification can be applied to CAD models. However, it is difficult to use available general geometric simplification algorithms because these algorithms are not designed to handle mechanical CAD parts. Applying general simplification on a CAD model would result in distortion of design features and make them unrecognizable to viewers. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to exploit trimming information in CAD models to simplify their geometry. Visibility culling is integrated into this approach to facilitate selective refinements. The work introduced here aims to support visualization of multiple CAD models in a distributed CAD environment. Implementation details are included and case studies are demonstrated.     

基于代价函数三角网格模型动态简化的研究

模型简化是解决复杂三维模型存储、传输、实时绘制与硬件处理能力的局限性之间矛盾的主要方法。介绍了三角网格模型简化相关技术和算法。目前基于边折叠的三角网格模型简化算法边折叠计算复杂,没有有效进行动态简化,结合Garland的二次误差度量算法和Hoppe的累进网格算法,提出了基于代价函数的三角网格模型动态简化算法。     

基于边收缩的快速网格简化算法

根据Garland的QEM算法提出了一种快速的网格模型简化算法。算法使用顶点权值来表示顶点的重要程度,顶点权值可以将收缩的边所影响的范围控制在较小的区域内;顶点的权值被存储在一个优先权队列中并且利用优先权队列来控制边收缩的顺序,顶点的优先权队列所存储的元素比较少并且易于维护。该算法实现容易、执行速度快。     

Multilevel mesh simplification

The goal of a multilevel simplification method is to produce different levels of refinement of a mesh, reducing the resolution (total number of faces), while preserving the original topology and a good approximation to the original geometry. A new approach to simplification based on the evolution of surfaces under p-Laplacian flow is presented. Such an evolution provides a natural geometric clustering process where the spatial effect of the p-Laplacian allows for identifying suitable regions that need to be simplified. The concrete scheme is a multiresolution framework composed, at each simplification level, of a spatial clustering diffusion flow to determine the potential candidates for deletion, followed by an incremental decimation process to update the mesh vertex locations in order to decrease the overall resolution. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our strategy in multilevel simplification of different models with different complexities, in particular for models characterized by sharp features and flat parts.     

基于特征点的三维人脸网格简化*

在边折叠的网格简化算法的基础上,针对特定三维网格模型—人脸,提出了一种实用的基于特征点的快速模型简化算法。该算法把人脸按特征点的分布进行分块处理,对不同区域采用不同的阈值进行调节。对于需要高细节的区域保留高度细节,而对于其他区域则进行简化。使用这种方法可以较大地减少虚拟整型手术中的数据量,同时又能保持待手术区域的高度细节。该算法实现简单、运算速度快,而且能有效保持人脸模型的重要特征。     

局部特征熵的网格非均匀简化算法

针对三维模型简化后的精度与效率上难以平衡的问题进行研究,提出一种局部特征熵的半边折叠非均匀网格简化算法。采用两次局部区域聚类探测,首先探测三维数据点所在边聚类局部区域,获取该探测区域法向量,其次以三维数据点临近点区域的重心约束来探测二次聚类区域法向量;根据信息熵的定义利,用两次探测的法向量之间夹角信息构建局部区域特征熵值做为半边折叠的代价,局部区域特征熵越大表示该区域越趋于平面,应优先简化,否则当保留;最后采用三角形内角判断方法来保留简化后网格中三角形的正则度,以减小变形引起的误差。实验结果表明,本算法在三维模型分均匀简化中在局部细节特性精度上和时间效率上能达到较优的平衡。     

一种新的边折叠网格模型简化算法

在边折叠简化方法的基础上,提出一种用体积变化的平方作为误差度量的三角网格简化算法。算法中引入三角形法向约束因子的概念,并把它嵌入到边折叠误差矩阵中;能够自适应地分配简化网格的疏密,保持更多的模型几何特征。实验表明,该算法简化误差低,模型视觉质量高,简化效果较好。     

CAD mesh model segmentation by clustering

CAD mesh models have been widely employed in current CAD/CAM systems, where it is quite useful to recognize the features of the CAD mesh models. The first step of feature recognition is to segment the CAD mesh model into meaningful parts. Although there are lots of mesh segmentation methods in literature, the majority of them are not suitable to CAD mesh models. In this paper, we design a mesh segmentation method based on clustering, dedicated to the CAD mesh model. Specifically, by the agglomerative clustering method, the given CAD mesh model is first clustered into the sparse and dense triangle regions. Furthermore, the sparse triangle region is separated into planar regions, cylindrical regions, and conical regions by the Gauss map of the triangular faces and Hough transformation; the dense triangle region is also segmented by the mean shift operation performed on the mean curvature field defined on the mesh faces. Lots of empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the CAD mesh segmentation method in this paper.     

Practical quad mesh simplification

In this paper we present an innovative approach to incremental quad mesh simplification, i.e. the task of producing a low complexity quad mesh starting from a high complexity one. The process is based on a novel set of strictly local operations which preserve quad structure. We show how good tessellation quality (e.g. in terms of vertex valencies) can be achieved by pursuing uniform length and canonical proportions of edges and diagonals. The decimation process is interleaved with smoothing in tangent space. The latter strongly contributes to identify a suitable sequence of local modification operations. The method is naturally extended to manage preservation of feature lines (e.g. creases) and varying (e.g. adaptive) tessellation densities. We also present an original Triangle‐to‐Quad conversion algorithm that behaves well in terms of geometrical complexity and tessellation quality, which we use to obtain the initial quad mesh from a given triangle mesh.     

A new mesh simplification algorithm based on triangle collapses

In this paper a new mesh simplification algorithm based on triangle collapses is presented.The algorithm can provide efficient error management and simplify the original mesh greatly.Progressive meshes may be constructed with triangle collapsing operation.To make continuous transition between level of detail (LOD) models possible,a method for interpolating is also presented.Examples illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.     

一种三角形折叠网格模型简化的改进算法

目前提出的网格简化算法中,三角形折叠简化方法是一种主要的简化方法,在网格压缩、多细节层次模型生成、递进网格构造中得到了广泛地应用。提出一种基于三角形折叠的网格模型简化改进算法,在基于三角形折叠的基础上,在计算三角形折叠误差代价时引入局部区域面积度量参数,有效控制简化模型的三角形折叠顺序。实验表明,采用该文算法简化后的模型更逼近原始模型。     

一种改进的基于三角形折叠的网格简化算法

在已有的基于三角形折叠网格简化算法的基础之上，提出了一种改进的算法。对原算法的误差矩阵的计算进行了改进，提出了一种简单的误差控制方法。该改进的简化算法不仅能减少模型中的三角形数目和保持模型拓扑结构，而且实现简单、速度快。     

基于离散曲率的二次误差度量网格简化算法

为了提高网格简化的图像质量,提出一种基于离散曲率的二次误差度量网格简化算法。在代价函数中引入顶点离散曲率,通过将代价函数作为顶点对的权值来控制顶点对合并次序,更好地保留了原模型的细节特征,同时修改模型特征点与特征线的权值,使得简化过程中原模型的特征点与特征线能够较好地保留。经实验对比与分析表明,该算法有效地提高了图像质量且能很好地保持原模型的图形特征。     

基于逆 Loop 细分的半正则网格简化算法

摘 要：三维网格简化是在保留目标物体几何形状信息的前提下尽量减小精细化三维模型 中的点数和面数的一种操作,对提高三维网格数据的存取和网络传输速度、编辑和渲染效率具 有十分重要的作用。针对大多网格简化算法在简化过程中未考虑网格拓扑结构与视觉质量的问 题,提出了一种基于逆 Loop 细分的半正则网格简化算法。首先根据邻域质心偏移量进行特征 点检测,随后随机选取种子三角形,以边扩展方式获取正则区域并执行逆 Loop 细分进行简化。 最后,以向内分割方式进行边缘拼接,获取最终的简化模型。与经典算法在公开数据集上进行 实验对比,结果表明,该算法能够在简化的同时有效地保持网格特征,尽可能保留与原始网格 一致的规则的拓扑结构,并且在视觉质量上优于边折叠以及聚类简化算法。     

An efficient and low-error mesh simplification method based on torsion detection

To preserve the major characteristics of the simplified model, this study proposes the use of torsion detection to improve the quadric error metric of vertex-pair contraction, and retain the physical features of the models. Besides keeping the physical features of the models, the proposed method also decreases the preprocessing time cost associated with analysis. To verify the conclusion, this research not only presents the effects of simplification and compares them with the vertex-pair contraction, but also employs Metro detection and image comparison to verify the error measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the error rate and keeps the precision of the object features efficiently.     

A survey of CAD model simplification techniques for physics-based simulation applications

Automated CAD model simplification plays an important role in effectively utilizing physics-based simulation during the product realization process. Currently a rich body of literature exists that describe many successful techniques for fully-automatic or semi-automatic simplification of CAD models for a wide variety of applications. The purpose of this paper is to compile a list of the techniques that are relevant for physics-based simulations problems and to characterize them based on their attributes. We have classified them into the following four categories: techniques based on surface entity based operators, volume entity based operators, explicit feature based operators, and dimension reduction operators. This paper also presents the necessary background information in the CAD model representation to assist the new readers. We conclude the paper by outlining open research directions in this field.     

面向辐射模拟的叶片模型的网格简化方法

针对冠层辐射模拟对模型精度要求高,而计算量大的问题,提出了一种适应于叶片模型网格简化的改进边折叠方法。在基于二次误差测度算法的基础上,在折叠代价中引入曲率变化及狭长三角形的判断,同时对于叶片模型边界的保持则采用半边折叠的方法。以枇杷为例,利用Artec手持激光扫描仪获取的叶片网格模型进行简化,并将简化后的叶片模型应用到辐射度计算,实验结果表明,在辐射度的模拟精度方面,相同模型简化前后的模拟结果变化幅度较小,可以满足辐射度模拟精度要求,而明显提高辐射度的计算效率;在可视化效果方面,简化后的模型能够保持叶片的主要形态结构特征,有着较好的可视化效果。