国际资讯

2025将实现塑料循环经济英国塑料公约是一项由废物&资源行动计划(WRAP,Waste&Resources Action Programme)和艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会(Ellen MacArthur Foundation)领导发起的合作项目,旨在将整个价值链中的企业与英国政府和非政府组织联合起来,为塑料创造循环经济。该报告提供了英国在推进塑料循环经济系统目标进展方面的全面概览。     

国际资讯

雀巢巧克力启用生物塑料盒包装；无棱面PET瓶首次成功实行商业化生产；意大利宝胜公司生产巨型注塑机；曼罗兰正在开发RFID直接印刷系统；Valspar Corp．公司塑料阻隔性新品成热点；爱克发Dotrix喷墨印刷机亮相北美……[编者按]     

国际资讯

今年美塑料包装将超过纸包装，西欧戒烟产品纸盒包装需求多 烟包销量下降，生物降解塑料瓶挑战PET瓶，柯达将推出全新包装工作流程解决方案，埃克森美孚化工开发了新型热塑性弹性体，征战IPEX2006曼罗兰战果辉煌[编者按]     

国际资讯

美国奥斯特曼公司参加广州橡塑展成果喜人；英国研制出新型塑料食品包装；通用电气：出售110亿美元塑料业务近尾声；法国向市场推出新包装薄膜；加拿大研制开发出可测病原菌的包装膜     

国际资讯

PPG拓展防护涂料市场，战略收购亚美龙（Ameron）涂料业务；中美将互认生物分解塑料标识；美国未来包装市场将展开纸塑竞争；美国2006年包装机械销售额将增长3％；Constar将技术PET专利转让给Pago；[编者按]     

国际资讯

博斯特新一代产品亮相全球；当纳利安装世界首台高分辨率四色喷墨印刷机；海德堡收购Hi-Tech英国涂布公司；Alcan包装塑料新型高阻隔塑料生产线启动；西得乐推出超轻量级NoBottle^TM塑料瓶。     

国际资讯

沃尔玛启动包装瘦身计划;英国食品贴标签提示营养成分;日本研发成功聚乙烯乳酸塑料薄膜;PMMI设立巨额奖学金;欧洲医药包装：纸塑分庭抗礼玻璃轻微下跌……     

国际资讯

韩国大力扶持可降解生物塑料企业韩国产业通商资源部于近日召开革新增长战略会议,确定了由生物产业革新特别工作组(TF)制定的“促进白色生物产业战略”。白色生物是指利用植物等可再生资源或微生物、酶等,以生物代替现有化学产业材料的产业。白色生物技术的核心是利用玉米等植物生物质制成的塑料,易被土壤中的微生物分解,非常环保。     

国际环保动态之三塑料的回收利用

考虑和选择虽然废纸、玻璃和金属的分拣非常容易，但塑料材料的分拣却是个需要慎重考虑的问题。对于塑料包装加工者来说，有六种主要的塑料类型占据了本行业叨％以上的比例：·高密度聚乙烯·低密度聚乙烯·聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯·聚丙烯·聚苯乙烯·聚氯乙烯然而，在每种类型中还有上百种变型，如果和其他聚合物和添加剂共同使用，种类将更加复杂多样。例如：·聚酷胶·乙烯一醋酸乙烯·乙烯一乙烯酸当这些塑料的百分比不是很大时，这些很少使用的塑料可以在回收利用和再生的聚合物的特性上产生引人注目的效果。在如何处理回收的塑料上，塑…     

国际资讯

巴西在全球制药行业的地位逐步攀升，据预计到2016年，巴西将成为全球第4大制药市场，仅次于美国、中国和19本。近日，欧盟发布药品GMP附录15“确认和验证”修订草案，规定了适用于药品生产的设施、设备、公用系统和工艺的确认和验证的原则。目前，大医药产业并购趋势继续2013年的繁荣景象，最热门的领域仍然是肿瘤学领域和代谢／内分泌疾病领域。阿斯利康日前宣布，已成功完成对商业合作伙伴百时美施贵宝在全球糖尿病联盟中全部股份的收购。     

国际资讯

英国塑料联合会(BPF)发布了第一份可持续发展报告,介绍了整个行业的相关举措。塑料供应链中的可持续性发展突出了该行业对当前环境问题所作的积极贡献,包括生产实践、行业对可持续性的具体贡献和报废管理。新报告以2018年出版的《塑料:循环经济的愿景》为基础,探讨了BPF及其成员可以积极影响可持续发展成果并致力于实现英国循环经济的领域。它展示了塑料行业如何为加强二次塑料材料市场、减少塑料加工中的能源消耗以及制定新的国际标准做出的贡献。     

Information Costs in International Business: Analyzing the Effects of Economies of Scale,Cultural Diversity and Decentralization

The relationship between internationalization and performance is controversial. Prominent in the theoretical arguments about a performance downturn in internationalization are increasing information, coordination, and management costs—an argument for which empirical insights are lacking. Building on a model of information cost, we test for the development of internal information costs during internationalization. Applying a panel procedure on a data set of top manufacturers observed over a 7-year period, we analyze the effects of economies of scale, multinationality or host market diversity and international organizational decentralization on internal information costs. Although internal information costs decline due to economies of scale in international business, they are especially affected by the degree of host market diversity: a growing cultural diversity increases internal information costs per unit. Finally, we find that after a phase of first organizational adaptation processes, international organizational decentralization (and therewith complexity) rises internal information costs. Information cost development plays a major role in theories referring to a performance downswing in a phase of high or culturally unrelated internationalization involving strong organizational complexity. Our results offer empirical backing for these arguments on internal information costs (incorporated into an information cost model).     

International Diversification

• International diversification can have both benefits and costs. In this paper, we argue that a firm??s level of international diversification depends not only upon firm-specific characteristics such as its size and the industry to which it belongs, but also upon its ownership structure and the ability of its management to carry out an international strategy.
• We test our hypotheses using a panel of Italian firms. Our findings show that a high level of family ownership has a negative effect on international diversification, but that an inactive market for corporate control negates this. We found too that when the board of a family-owned firm has a higher proportion of independent directors, international diversification is greater. We also found that similar to the family-ownership effect, a high level of state ownership results in less international diversification. Overall our results confirm that corporate governance variables affect international diversification.