Elemental Compositions of Over 80 Cell Phones

Over the last few years, 85 cell phones have been disassembled, ground up, dissolved, and analyzed for elemental content, mainly for information about the metals present in the phones, but also for some metalloids and nonmetals. The following list of 38 elements were detected in some or all of the phones: Be, B, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Y, Nb, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Er. Cadmium was never detected. This paper discusses the methods used for carrying out the analysis, proposes possible sources in the telephones for the elements of interest, the reasons for the interest in most of the elements, and method repeatability.     

Zero/Positive Capacities of Two-Dimensional Runlength-Constrained Arrays

A binary sequence satisfies a one-dimensional$(d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2)$runlength constraint if every run of zeros has length at least$d_1$and at most$k_1$and every run of ones has length at least$d_2$and at most$k_2$. A two-dimensional binary array is$(d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2; d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4)$-constrained if it satisfies the one-dimensional$(d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2)$runlength constraint horizontally and the one-dimensional$(d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4)$runlength constraint vertically. For given$d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2, d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4$, the two-dimensional capacity is defined as $$displaylines C(d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2; d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4) hfillcr hfill=, lim_m,n rightarrow infty log_2 N(m, n ,vert, d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2; d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4)over mn $$ where $$N(m, n ,vert, d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2; d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4)$$ denotes the number of$m times n$binary arrays that are$(d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2; d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4)$-constrained. Such constrained systems may have applications in digital storage applications. We consider the question for which values of$d_i$and$k_i$is the capacity$C(d_1, k_1, d_2, k_2; d_3, k_3, d_4, k_4)$positive and for which values is the capacity zero. The question is answered for many choices of the$d_i$and the$k_i$.     

基于51单片机的多功能电子时钟设计

单片机体积小、重量轻、抗干扰能力强、环境要求不高、价格低廉、可靠性高、灵活性好、深受初学者喜欢。以STC90C58为核心控制芯片,DS1302为时钟芯片,DS18B20采集温度,完成多功能电子时钟的设计。该设计能够准确显示年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒及温度,通过按键可以调整年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒、12/24小时转换、整点提示以及闹钟,还可显示阴阳历。     

Reduction of earthquake risk in the United States: bridging the gapbetween research and practice

Continuing efforts under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are under way to improve earthquake risk assessment and risk management in earthquake-prone regions of Alaska, California, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones in the central United States, the southeastern and northeastern United States, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and Hawaii. Geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, architects, engineers, urban planners, emergency managers, health care specialists, and policymakers are having to work at the margins of their disciplines to bridge the gap between research and practice and to provide a social, technical, administrative, political, legal, and economic basis for changing public policies and professional practices in communities where the earthquake risk is unacceptable     

Better breast cancer detection

X-rays go digital, computers read film, and chemicals mark tumors, but will these new technologies make it in the clinic? The imaging technologies considered for breast cancer include film-screen mammography, full field digital mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, scintimammography, thermography, electrical impedance imaging, optical imaging, electric potential measurement, positron emission tomography, novel ultrasound techniques, elastography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermoacoustic computed tomography, microwave imaging, Hall-effect imaging and magneto-mammography     

基于TM影像光谱指数的棉花病害严重度估测

通过获取多时相试验区TM影像和大田同步调查棉花黄萎病,将TM影像光谱指数与病害严重度进行相关分析,建立棉花病害严重度估测模型.结果表明:随着病害严重度的增加,TM影像光谱指数B2,B4,SATVI,OSAVI,MSAVI,TSAVI,SVNSWI,SNSWIa,SNSWIb,SVNI,DNSIa,DNSIb,NDSWI...     

基于多网络的矿井智能化监管系统设计

提出一种矿井智能化监管系统设计方案,该系统包括无线传感器网络（WSN）、工业以太网络、人员定位卡、井下视频手机、监管服务器、监控计算机、数据库、中心交换机、智能化监管信息平台。系统将工业以太网络和无线传感器网络结合,构建井下有线／无线的混合通信系统进行数据传输,井上利用智能化信息监管平台实现与井下作业人员、井上管理人员、井上其他人员的数据通信和资源共享;该系统具有井下人员实时定位、井下与井上实时视频通信、矿井环境监测、智能化信息处理、矿井信息分发、资源调度、异常情况报警等功能,矿井环境监测包括对瓦斯、CO、电化学氧气、硫化氢、风速、矿压、温湿度、矿尘、噪音等环境参数的监测。     

纳米二氧化钛的液相合成

纳米二氧化钛因其化学性质稳定、难溶、无毒、无迁移性、成本低廉且具有光敏、气敏、压敏等特性,从而在电子陶瓷、半导体、催化剂、护肤品、效应颜料和传感材料等领域有着重要的应用。本文较深入地分析了溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、水解法、微乳液法和胶溶法等液相方法的特点以及它们的工业化新进展。在合成TiO_2的三大类工艺(气相法、液相法与高能球磨法)中,液相合成方法是最简单易行的工艺。     

3D-TSV封装技术

3D-TSV封装技术是实现多功能、高性能、高可靠且更轻、更薄、更小的系统级封装最有效的技术途径之一。3D-TSV封装关键技术包括:通孔制作、通孔薄膜淀积、磁控溅射、通孔填充、铜化学机械研磨、超薄晶圆减薄、芯片/晶圆叠层键合等。阐述了每种关键技术的工艺原理、技术特点、应用范围及发展前景,关键设备、关键材料以及TSV在三维封装技术中的应用。     

One‐Dimensional Metal‐Oxide Nanostructures: Recent Developments in Synthesis,Characterization, and Applications

1D metal‐oxide nanostructures have attracted much attention because metal oxides are the most fascinating functional materials. The 1D morphologies can easily enhance the unique properties of the metal‐oxide nanostructures, which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including gas sensors, electrochromic devices, light‐emitting diodes, field emitters, supercapacitors, nanoelectronics, and nanogenerators. Therefore, much effort has been made to synthesize and characterize 1D metal‐oxide nanostructures in the forms of nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, etc. Various physical and chemical deposition techniques and growth mechanisms are exploited and developed to control the morphology, identical shape, uniform size, perfect crystalline structure, defects, and homogenous stoichiometry of the 1D metal‐oxide nanostructures. Here a comprehensive review of recent developments in novel synthesis, exceptional characteristics, and prominent applications of one‐dimensional nanostructures of tungsten oxides, molybdenum oxides, tantalum oxides, vanadium oxides, niobium oxides, titanium oxides, nickel oxides, zinc oxides, bismuth oxides, and tin oxides is provided.     

典型单兵作战场景与夜视镜

本文分析了典型单兵作战场景,包括战场观察、侦察与监视、目标定位与激光指示、轻武器精准射击、狙击作战、与隐蔽物后/堑壕中的目标交战、夜间跳伞和机降、夜间作战、从明亮环境进入黑/昏暗室内/地下空间作战、低能见度环境的观察/搜索/射击等.为满足上述作战需求,单兵夜视镜正发展为与可见光、激光、卫星定位、数字指北针、通信等功能模...     

Recent Advances in Hybridization,Doping, and Functionalization of 2D Xenes

The emerging monoelemental 2D materials named as Xenes including borophene, silicene, germanene, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, bisthumene, selenene, and tellurene, have attracted rising attention experimentally and theoretically. Because of their excellent and versatile physical, chemical, electrical, and optical advantages, Xenes have been shown or have been predicted to have excellent performance in nanotechnology applications, addressing challenges and advances in electronics, energy, healthcare, and environment. In this review, the basic fundamentals in the classification of the periodic table group and the synthesis methods for the emerging materials are summarized. Then, the hybridization, doping and functionalization of 2D Xenes, and their corresponding applications are presented. Furthermore, a summary of research progress on 2D Xenes and the challenges and perspectives for their further development are discussed.     

New binary one-generator quasi-cyclic codes

Sixteen new binary quasi-cyclic linear codes improving the best known lower bounds on minimum distance in Brouwer's tables are constructed. The parameters of these codes are [102, 26, 32], [102, 27, 30], [142, 35, 40], [142, 36, 38] [146, 36, 40], [170, 16, 72], [170, 20, 66], [170, 33, 52] [170, 36, 50], [178, 33, 56], [178, 34, 54], [182, 27, 64] [182, 36, 56], [186, 17, 76], [210, 23, 80], [254, 22, 102] Sixty cyclic and thirty quasi-cyclic codes, which attain the respective bounds in Brouwer's table and are not included in Chen's table are presented as well.     

Power amplifiers and transmitters for RF and microwave

The generation of RF/microwave power is required not only in wireless communications, but also in applications such as jamming, imaging, RF heating, and miniature dc/dc converters. Each application has its own unique requirements for frequency, bandwidth, load, power, efficiency, linearity, and cost. RF power is generated by a wide variety of techniques, implementations, and active devices. Power amplifiers are incorporated into transmitters in a similarly wide variety of architectures, including linear, Kalm, envelope tracking, outphasing, and Doherty. Linearity can be improved through techniques such as feedback, feedforward, and predistortion     

CompactPCI总线技术及系统设计

CompactPCI总线具有高总线带宽、高性能、支持热插拔，满足高速度、高性能尤其是复杂控制算法并要求可视化操作的应用场合的功能需求。首先，对CompactPCI总线技术在扩展性、封装和连接、被动式背板、热插拔和高性能等方面的技术特点。然后对其核心技术——热插拔技术做了简要的介绍，并在此基础上，对CompactPCI系统设计的相关问题进行了详细的论述。最后指出CompactPCI总线技术在工业、热力、石化、冶金、交通、现代通讯、核能、航空、航天、军事等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

通信传输技术九十年代新动向

本文概述九十年代通信技术的新动向,主要讲卫星通信、移动通信、光纤通信以及公用和专用通信网传输技术的发展趋势。文中着重指出各种有前途的新技术,包括卫星通信的星上点波束天线,小孔径天线地面终端,与ISDN兼容;数字移动通信的蜂窝微区(micro-cell),个人便携通信的无线接入交换网;光纤通信的掺铒光纤放大器,DFB调谐单频激光管,多量子阱(MQW),光电子集成,外差检测,密集FDM多路载波通信;以及公用通信网数字化、综合化、宽带化组成B-ISDN,同步光纤网,同步数字体系,异步转移方式;专用通信网的局域网(LAN和MAN),光纤分布数据接口,分隙环(slotted ring),分布排队双总线等新建议。     

Bioinspired Adhesive Hydrogels Tackified by Nucleobases

Bioinspired strategies for designing hydrogels with excellent adhesive performance have drawn much attention in biomedical applications. Here, bioinspired adhesive hydrogels tackified by independent nucleobase (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil) from DNA and RNA are successfully explored. The nucleobase‐tackified hydrogels exhibit an excellent adhesive behavior for not only various solid substrates (polytetrafluoroethylene, plastics, rubbers, glasses, metals, and woods) but also biological tissues consisting of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, bone, and muscle. The maximum adhesion strength of A‐, T‐, G‐, C‐, and U‐tackified hydrogels on the aluminum alloy surface is 780, 166, 250, 227, and 433 N m^?1, respectively, superior to that of pure PAAm hydrogels (40 N m^?1) after adhesive time of 10 min. It is anticipated that bioinspired hydrogels will play a significant role in the applications of wound dressing, medical electrodes, tissue adhesives, and portable equipment. Moreover, the bioinspired nucleobase‐tackified strategy would open a novel avenue for designing the next generation of soft and adhesive materials.     

2017年欧洲光通信会议述评

介绍了第43届欧洲光通信会议的概况,评述了主题报告、专题研讨、综述指导报告和特邀报告、截后论文和展览会等内容。按照光纤、光纤器件和光纤放大器,集成光电器件和光处理器,光通信系统数字技术,传输子系统和光网络单元,数据通信和计算机硬件,点到点传输链路,核心、城域和数据中心网络,接入、本地和家庭网络8个方向进行探讨。     

基于运营商统一DPI系统部署方案的研究

由于运营商企业内部深度包检测技术(Deep Packet Inspection,DPI)系统为烟囱式部署,存在重复采、存、开发和数据格式不一致等现象,无法形成全量数据的全视景,没有充分体现数据价值,导致在其网络安全、运行维护、建设投资和数据有效复用等方面存在一些问题。随着宽带用户和手机用户的急剧增长,为提高网络资源利用率,发现和识别种类繁多的网络业务,并有效地控制和管理网络业务,急需对全网DPI设备部署位置进行整合,减少DPI采集点和设备数量,实现多个应用系统使用同一采集点的DPI设备复用机制,通过最少的采集点获取最全的数据。文中对运营商互联网DPI系统部署场景、链路接入方式、部署方案、未来发展趋势等进行了研究,力求为互联网DPI系统部署提供借鉴。