阿秒时间抖动的全保偏掺铒光纤激光器

近年来，超稳光生微波和远距离时频同步等高精度、高速科学研究对低噪声飞秒光纤激光器具有迫切的需求。为实现低时间抖动噪声的激光种子源，基于“光积木”结构，设计并搭建了一台重复频率为100 MHz的全保偏掺铒锁模光纤激光器，“光积木”结构可以有效地抑制激光器的机械噪声和重频漂移。采用平衡光学互相关技术，首次从全保偏锁模光纤激光器的出射脉冲中直接进行了高精度的时间抖动测量。该激光器在傅里叶频率10 kHz至1 MHz的积分区间内，积分均方根时间抖动仅为98.36 as。     

高精度光纤延迟线的研究

针对光纤延迟线的高精度的要求,基于光开关和光纤,设计了光纤延迟线的拓扑结构,分析了光纤连接误差和光开关误差对延迟线精度的影响,本文提出了一种减小光开关状态误差的方法.在Matlab的环境下,计算出所有可能的拓扑结构以及相对应的误差值.通过设定条件选出最小的误差值所对应的拓扑结构,并用于高精度光纤延迟线的设计.仿真证明,采用优化的拓扑结构,当开关误差小于1 ps时,延迟误差优于2 ps.用磁光开关和单模光纤构建了5 bit光纤延迟线,经过测量,实验结果表明当步进为100 ps时,误差优于2.98 ps.     

基于DSHI的窄线宽光纤激光器线宽测量

窄线宽光纤激光器的线宽作为相干光学系统的重要参数需要进行准确的测定,延时自外差法(DSHI)是测量窄线宽比较理想的方法.本文讨论了DSHI测量线宽的基本原理,根据DSHI的功率谱表达式,利用MATLAB程序对不同光纤延迟线长度条件下的DSHI功率谱进行了仿真,并分析和讨论了光纤延迟线长度对线宽测量结果的影响.建立了1550 nm波长的DSHI线宽测量系统,对IPG公司的光纤激光器线宽进行了测量.该系统用示波器代替频谱仪,并采用FFT软件算法对示波器获取的光电流信号进行分析,测得该激光器的线宽约为16 kHZ,在理想的精度范围内.     

布里渊光纤环形激光器与布里渊光纤陀螺

布里渊光纤环形激光器具有增益方向性敏感、超窄线宽等极为鲜明的特点,在高精度传感、激光测量等领域具有很大的应用潜力。基于同腔布里渊光纤环形激光器的布里渊光纤陀螺（BFOG）以其灵敏度高、可靠性好等显著优势已成为下一代光纤陀螺的重要发展方向。介绍布里渊光纤环形激光器的工作原理并对BFOG的研究进展作以综述,指出其应用研究中急需突破的技术问题。     

100 km光纤链路中小于100 fs分辨力的双光梳钟差测量实验研究

为了解决远距离光纤链路两端测量钟差限制在ps量级的问题,运用线性光学采样法测量钟差的基本理论,利用双光梳线性光学采样法完成了100 km光纤链路两端的钟差测量实验研究。通过梳齿压缩和色散补偿技术实现了光梳梳齿线宽和远距离光纤链路净色散量的优化,突破了高精度读取干涉花样中心时刻的难点,最终实现了高分辨力的钟差测量。通过时间间隔计数器与线性光学采样法测量光纤链路时延对比实验和100 km光纤链路钟差测量实验证明：基于线性光学采样法测量的钟差小于100 fs,能够有效满足高精度时间同步系统的要求。本研究为促进精密导航、高速通信和精准授时等领域的发展起到重要作用。     

基于光纤延时线的大尺寸测量方法

对激光热稳频技术的稳频原理和机理进行研究,提出双纵模激光空间合成场强分布为测量原理的大尺寸高精度测量方法,同时把光纤延时线、光纤组倍增和光开关倍增三级级联,应用光纤延时线代替扫描机构构造新型光学测试系统,实现无导轨大尺寸的高精度测量。采用波前探测和图像恢复技术相结合的波前修正系统,减小和消除激光束的变形和抖动。实验结果表明：该系统的重复性优于0.5μm,测量误差小于10μm。     

保偏光纤拍长与折射率测量技术研究

拍长和折射率是表征保偏光纤产品性能的重要指标,随着保偏光纤在光纤通信和光纤传感等领域的广泛应用,对拍长和折射率参数的准确测量十分重要。基于白光干涉技术研制了保偏光纤拍长测量装置,通过测量保偏光纤上两个应力点之间的几何长度和对应耦合点之间的光学长度,实现了拍长的高精度测量,重复性优于4μm。基于数字全息显微层析成像技术,研制了保偏光纤折射率测量装置,通过记录不同旋转角度下的数字全息图,经滤波反投影处理后重建保偏光纤的二维横截面的折射率分布,实现了折射率的高精度测量,重复性优于10^-4。     

超短孤子脉冲在色散缓变光纤中的时间抖动

通过微扰理论分析了超短孤子在色散缓变光纤(DDF)中传输的时间抖动。结果发现三阶色散和拉曼散射分别影响了孤子的位置和频率,是决定时间抖动大小的重要因素。在光纤的拉曼系数一定的情况下,选择不同的三阶色散参数,系统的时间抖动存在一个最小值。当DDF的三阶色散参数为接近零的一个负值的时候,系统时间抖动最小,这个负值与拉曼系数和传输距离有关,其绝对值随传输距离的增大而增大。在采用色散缓变光纤进行超短孤子传输的系统设计中应该重点考虑三阶色散的影响,当DDF的三阶色散参数较大的时候,必须对系统的三阶色散进行补偿,使时间抖动达到最小,能够极大地增加了孤子的传输距离。     

基于FPGA延迟线插入法的半导体激光测距

为了提高系统的集成度,同时兼顾精度,介绍用FPGA延迟线插入法采实现较高精度的脉冲激光测时、测距的原理和技术途径.FPGA延迟线插入法是在直接计数法的基础上,采用FPGA内部延时单元将时间间隔转化为数字量,经高速锁存器锁存后得到代表延时信息的温度计编码值来实现高分辨率的时间测量.提出了一种实用的高速时钟下(400 MHz)延迟线延时信息的锁存方法,并设计了FPGA时间数字转换电路及其延迟单元时间测量电路.测试结果表明,FPGA延迟线插入法可以将单点时间分辨率提高到80 ps,多次测量可达40 ps,对应距离分辨率为毫米级.将其应用于脉冲激光测距系统,进行了测距实验研究,给出了实验数据和测量误差分析,最终得到±10 cm的测距精度.     

基于长信号谱自相关的光纤光栅传感解调方法

针对光纤光栅传感领域波长高精度探测和传感复用光栅数量增多的需要,提出一种基于长信号相关谱的新型光纤光栅数字解调技术.该技术在可调谐滤波法的基础上,通过传感光栅与调制光栅反射谱卷积后的信号,即光电探测器的光强时间信号,进行自相关分析以实现对波长漂移的测量以及对传感光栅反射谱形状的识别,增强系统的复用能力,提高了性价比.模拟仿真表明,光纤光栅长信号相关数字解调方法可以准确测量光纤光栅波长的漂移,能更好实现传感复用.等强度悬臂梁实验验证该解调方法能实现光栅应变的高精度测量,优于传统的应变片测试.     

Review of low timing jitter mode-locked fiber lasers and applications in dual-comb absolute distance measurement

Passively mode-locked fiber lasers emit femtosecond pulse trains with excellent short-term stability. The quantum-limited timing jitter of a free running femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser working at room temperature is considerably below one femtosecond at high Fourier frequency. The ultrashort pulse train with ultralow timing jitter enables absolute time-of-flight measurements based on a dual-comb implementation, which is typically composed of a pair of optical frequency combs generated by femtosecond lasers. Dead-zone-free absolute distance measurement with sub-micrometer precision and kHz update rate has been routinely achieved with a dual-comb configuration, which is promising for a number of precision manufacturing applications, from large step-structure measurements prevalent in microelectronic profilometry to three coordinate measurements in large-scale aerospace manufacturing and shipbuilding. In this paper, we first review the sub-femtosecond precision timing jitter characterization methods and approaches for ultralow timing jitter mode-locked fiber laser design. Then, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art dual-comb absolute ranging technology in terms of working principles, experimental implementations, and measurement precisions. Finally, we discuss the impact of quantum-limited timing jitter on the dual-comb ranging precision at a high update rate. The route to highprecision dual-comb range finder design based on ultralow jitter femtosecond fiber lasers is proposed.     

高精度光学定时探测技术及其应用研究

被动固体锁模激光器的发明拉开了高精度定时探测技术高速发展的序幕,近三十年来,多种降低测量本底噪声的定时探测技术应运而生,不断逼近锁模激光器高频定时抖动测量的极限（远小于1 fs）,这些定时探测器的分辨力、鲁棒性、稳定性、功耗等多项指标也有着突破性的进步。本文介绍了目前较为主流的光学定时探测手段,包括直接检测、BOC技术、AOM探测、光学外差技术等,分析了各种定时探测器的优势与应用场景,阐述了高精度定时探测技术在相干脉冲合成、自由电子激光等大型科学装置中发挥的重要作用,最后对光学定时探测器的发展方向做出展望,旨在通过综述各种光学定时探测技术,为推动阿秒科学、定时同步等高精尖领域的发展提供技术参考与借鉴。     

Development and performance comparison of two different approaches for stabilizing a harmonic mode-locked fiber laser at 40 GHz

What we believe to be a new and simple approach was developed for stabilizing a harmonic mode-locked fiber laser at 40 GHz. It uses a computer to tune the modulation frequency in a 100 kHz band near 40 GHz to follow variations in the length of the optical cavity. A second approach was also developed to compare with the new approach and to draw conclusions on its performance. Results for the pulse characteristics, side-mode suppression ratio, and timing jitter show that both approaches provide an efficient way of stabilizing a harmonic FM mode-locked fiber laser.     

卫星导航接收机时延测定技术研究

利用卫星导航接收机进行高精度授时同步是一种简单有效的授时同步手段。导航接收系统时延的精确测量是进行高精度授时的前提,其输出秒脉冲信号的时延更是影响远距离授时、时间同步的关键。围绕卫星导航接收系统时延的测定,通过分析卫星导航接收机的时延构成及特点,建立了卫星导航接收机的时延构成模型,制定了便于操作的卫星导航接收机时延测定的方法,搭建了一套完整的卫星导航接收机时延测定系统,并对系统进行了标定和实验验证。     

基于时间延迟的移动目标模拟器的设计与实现

针对实验室环境下单光束脉冲激光测速仪校准问题,本文提出了一种移动目标模拟器的设计与实现方法,该方法基于时间延迟的高精度脉冲序列的产生原理。文中设计了特定的延时脉冲序列,通过软件编程,控制数据定时发生器作为硬件电路生成设备,完成了延时脉冲序列的存储分配和电路生成,实现了具有任意标准速度的通用移动目标模拟器,并构建了激光测速仪检定装置。实验结果表明装置具有较好的测量重复性。     

Rangeability extension of fiber-optic low-coherence measurement based on cascaded multistage fiber delay line

We demonstrate a simple method to extend the measurable fiber length with a fiber-optic low-coherence technique. This method is based on a cascaded structure of multistage fiber delay line laid in one arm of the low-coherence technique. By choosing different individual stages in the cascaded fiber delay line, the length of the fiber under test can be continuously measured with a different measurement range. The measurement range of 0.81 km and spatial resolution of 60 μm are successfully realized.     

Cost-effective low timing jitter passively Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state laser with composite pumping pulses

A novel scheme that combines gain switching with passive Q switching of a miniature diode-pumped solid-state laser is proposed and implemented. A composite pumping pulse, consisting of a long, low-intensity pulse and a following short, high-intensity pulse, is used to reduce the timing jitter. A greater-than-tenfold reduction in timing jitter is demonstrated.     

Step-type optical delay line using silica-based planar light-wavecircuit (PLC) technology

We successfully fabricated a step-type optical delay line using a silica-based planar light-wave circuit (PLC) technology with a total delay of 51.0 mm and an optical coherent crosstalk of -49.1 dB. For the purpose of applying it to a mode-locked Er³⁺-doped fiber ring laser, we aimed for: 1) an optical delay of several tens of mm so that any optical pulse repetition frequency could be set, 2) as-low-as-possible optical crosstalk so that the oscillation of the mode-locked ring laser would be stable, and 3) low optical insertion loss. We integrated an optical circuit consisting of eight optical delay units possessing three thermo-optic switches, which have a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, and two waveguides. The difference in optical path length of the waveguides corresponds to the optical delay. We set the optical delay of each unit to 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8, and 25.6 mm, respectively, to give a maximum delay of 51.0 mm. Moreover, the total insertion loss was 5.2 dB. Precision measurement of the optical delay of each unit gave good results, with a manufacturing error of <0.47%, Based on the above results, the fabricated PLC step-type optical delay line can be used in a mode locked ring laser     

Analysis of Delay and Jitter of Rapid Single Flux Quantum Wiring Cells

Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) computing is a developing technology that enables high speed computing such as microprocessors, network routers and analog to digital converters. However, as the complexity and the computing speed of these circuits increase, timing errors of individual gates become more relevant. Most of these timing errors occur on the signal distribution path due to the use of a large number of wiring cells but these effects are mostly ignored. Hence future circuit optimization tools should take both delay and jitter amount into account. Therefore, delay and jitter values of single and cascaded fundamental RSFQ wiring cells, namely Josephson transmission lines (JTL), splitters, and mergers, are analyzed. Also, low bias voltage driving of the circuit and the dependence on input signal frequency effects are observed. In conclusion, jitter and delay values depending on the aforementioned parameters for single gates and cascaded gates are reported.