组合式金刚石圆锯片创新及优化设计

传统金刚石圆锯片的有效切割宽度只有其直径的30～35％。为在普通规格的金刚石圆盘锯上低成本、高效率的加工大幅面石材制品，本文基于创新设计原理和圆锯片、锯机结构与功能的分析，将圆锯片分解为切割功能模块、支撑功能模块和驱动功能模块，提出新型组合式金刚石圆锯片基体的设计方案，使圆锯片的切割幅面达到其直径的2／3。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS，在结构分析、模态分析的基础上对组合式金刚石圆锯片基体径厚比、切割功能模块尺寸进行优化设计。结果表明：结构优化后的Ф1800mm组合式金刚石圆锯片基体质量减轻3．048kg，一阶固有频率提高3．235Hz，圆锯片直径和厚度均有所降低，动态性能更加稳定，结构更加合理。     

新型组合式金刚石圆锯片热应力分析

针对加工大幅面石材制品的市场需求,提出一种切割幅面达到其直径2／3的新型组合式金刚石圆锯片基体,并对其进行了结构、功能分析。针对圆锯片基体的适张处理,在考虑切削热影响的情况下,应用ANSYS对新型组合式金刚石圆锯片基体进行应力、变形分析。结果表明：组合式金刚石圆锯片基体受温度影响较大,由于切削热的存在产生了较大的热应力和变形量,最大热应力发生在结块焊接处及节块外边缘。最大为315MPa。应力分析为基体的适张处理和稳定性设计提供理论依据和参考。     

基于ANSYS的组合结构金刚石圆锯片基体离心力效应的分析

提出一种切割幅面宽度达到其直径2/3的组合结构金刚石圆锯片基体.利用有限元软件ANSYS对φ1800mm的组合结构金刚石圆锯片进行了变形和应力分析,分析总结出了组合结构金刚石圆锯片在仅受离心力、锯切力、离心力和锯切力共同作用下的变形和应力分布的特点、规律和相互影响关系.通过正交表设置不同的加工工艺参数,经过多次有限元分析计算得出组合结构金刚石圆锯片二种最优参数组合:进给速度200 cm/min、线速度30 m/s时,切割深度2～2.5 cm为好;线速度30 m/s、切削深度1 cm时,进给速度500 cm/min为好.     

特殊结构金刚石圆锯片的瞬态动力学分析

本文建立了多孔基体与非等弧长节块相组合的特殊结构金刚石圆锯片瞬态动力学模型,通过ANSYS软件对特殊结构金刚石圆锯片的有限元模型进行瞬态载荷响应计算,得出不同切削参数对锯片关键部位瞬态应力和变形的影响。分析结果表明,进给速度对锯片应力和变形影响最大,切削速度次之,切削深度最小。特殊结构金刚石圆锯片在变形、应力方面与普通结构金刚石圆锯片相比,都得到了较大改善。此分析对实际工程应用及进一步优化锯片结构具有一定的指导意义。     

节块延伸结构金刚石圆锯片的有限元分析

本文对节块向基体内延伸的金刚石圆锯片进行了有限元应力、变形和模态分析，并与普通锯片比较，研究了不同长度和周向分布数量的延伸节块对锯片变形、应力、模态及固有频率的影响效果。研究表明，合理结构参数的延伸节块锯片，不仅减小了锯片的应力变形，改善了其应力集中状况，提高了锯片的刚度，同时也减小了锯片发生强烈振动的几率，并使同阶模态的固有频率下降，噪声辐射效率降低，起到降噪减振的作用。     

金刚石圆锯片行波共振分析及优化

针对金刚石圆锯片工作时出现的共振和噪声问题,利用Workbench软件对直径600 mm空转的圆锯片进行行波共振和静力分析,研究圆锯片基体中的开孔和夹层对其行波共振的影响。结果表明：圆锯片基体上合理开孔可以规避行波共振,其中开雨滴型孔的圆锯片减振效果最好,其δ最大值为4.36%,远大于未开孔与开圆形流线型孔的0.09%和0.91%。进一步对开雨滴型孔的圆锯片的夹层进行优化,其δ值为7.58%,达到夹层前的近2倍,更不容易引起行波共振。同时,优化后的圆锯片变形和应力值变大,但远小于其许用应力值,表明其强度和刚度满足使用要求,不会造成疲劳失效。     

基于统计能量法的组合式金刚石圆锯片声压级研究

组合式金刚石圆锯片在进行硬脆性材料加工时容易产生振动并辐射噪声,基于统计能量法(SEA)建立花岗石锯切模型,考虑系统实际工程中的模态密度、内损耗因子、约束、激励及辐射区等条件,对组合式金刚石圆锯片噪声辐射水平进行频域历程的定量估计,并与现场实测结果进行对比。结果表明:基体外径460 ～1584 mm、厚度4.0 mm的9片组合式金刚石圆锯片的高频区声压级范围为88.3～102.3 dB,其峰值在高频区4000 Hz处;且1～5片组合式金刚石圆锯片的高频区声压级范围为79.5～99.2 dB,声压级随组合片数增加而不断增大,但整体递增幅度随片数增加而减小;厚度3.5～5.5 mm的组合式金刚石圆锯片的高频区声压级范围为86.1～104.7 dB,声压级随组合片厚度增加而不断增大,且4000 Hz峰值处的声压级有5.7 dB的差值。试验和模型结果较为吻合,证明了所建立的统计能量分析模型对锯片高频噪声声压级计算的可信性。      

稀土对切玻璃金刚石锯片切削性能的影响

金刚石圆锯片可以用于切割玻璃和水晶制品。为了提高切割玻璃金刚石圆锯片的切割寿命和玻璃的切割质量．对切割玻璃金刚石圆锯片的胎体成分进行了优化设计，并在胎体材料中加入稀土化合物La2O3，同时对金刚石表面实施镀钛。本文从胎体材料对金刚石的把持力系数、实际切割的金刚石的脱落度以及锯片的切割速度方面，研究了稀土化合物在金刚石刀头胎体中的作用。结果表明：在胎体金属粉中加入适量的稀土化合物，胎体对金刚石的把持力系数有所改善，同时，增加了刀头胎体材料的脆性，实现了金刚石与胎体的同步磨损，金刚石的脱落度明显减小；切割速度比参比片提高了21．6％。     

圆锯片淬火过程中的应力分析及工艺参数优化

针对φ600 mm圆锯片淬火后变形大、影响圆锯片使用性能的问题,基于数值计算法分析其淬火残余应力的分布特性。分析结果表明:在整个淬火过程中,圆锯片淬火有效残余应力表现为拉应力;淬火结束后,中心孔附近的应力最大,其次为外圆齿附近的应力,中心孔与外圆齿中间位置的应力最小。以淬火奥氏体形成温度和保温时间为优化变量,淬火残余应力为优化目标函数,用响应曲面优化法对圆锯片淬火参数进行优化。优化结果表明:当奥氏体形成温度837℃,保温时间5 min时,最低残余应力为199 MPa。      

基于ANSYS Workbench金刚石圆锯片的力学分析

建立了干切金刚石圆锯片有限元分析模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对高速旋转切削金刚石圆锯片进行应力分析。得出圆锯片在受离心力、锯切力和热载荷作用下的应力大小及分布规律。结果表明:根据第三强度理论,锯片干切时产生的应力为535 MPa,已经超出其安全许用应力,所以影响锯片寿命的最大因素是锯切热引起的热应力。离心力与锯切力共同作用时,能使径向热应力减小约3%,同时也会使切向热应力的压应力增大约0.4%。      

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.