羧甲基壳聚糖/纤维素共混膜的制备及性能研究

低温冷冻条件下,将羧甲基壳聚糖与用氢氧化钠-尿素-硫脲体系溶解的纤维素共混制膜,所制膜可用于止血、保湿、促进伤口愈合等功能的新型敷料.经红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射比分析,当共混膜中羧甲基壳聚糖含量小于30%时,CMCT与纤维素形成的膜具有较好的相容性.当达30%时,共混膜的断裂强力达到最大值73MPa,提高了近52.1%.共混膜的断裂伸长率与吸湿保湿率随着羧甲基壳聚糖含量的增加而增大,且共混膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆茵具有良好的抑茵性.并具有较好的力学性能、吸湿保湿性.     

纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜的研究进展

纤维素和壳聚糖共混膜材料相较于单一膜材料,机械性能、生物相容性和抗菌性均会有较大提高。综述了纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜的制备及改性研究进展,并对纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜作初步的探讨和展望,以期为今后纤维素/壳聚糖共混材料的制备工艺和应用发展提供一些参考。     

多糖类天然高分子/PVA可生物降解共混膜的研究进展

目的综述天然高分子(淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和木质素)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合制备可生物降解共混膜的方法及性能的研究进展。方法分类讨论淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、木质素分别与PVA进行共混制备共混膜的方法及应用。结果总结了多糖类天然高分子/PVA共混膜的研究与应用进展,并指出了该类共混膜今后发展的方向。结论多糖类天然高分子/PVA可生物降解共混膜的研究是目前科研的热点之一,该共混膜对降低环境污染和节约能源具有重要的意义,具有广阔的应用前景。     

纤维素/壳聚糖共混纳滤膜的制备及其染料脱盐性能研究

纤维素因其优良的机械性能、亲水性和成膜性而成功地应用于纳滤膜制备.但纯纤维素纳滤膜表面呈负电性,对低分子量水溶性染料和Na_2SO_4均具有高的截留率,不利于染料中Na_2SO_4的脱除.将荷正电的壳聚糖和纤维素共混,以离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐(EMIMAc)和二甲基亚砜DMSO为溶剂,水为凝固浴,无纺布为支撑层,采用相转化法,成功制备了纤维素/壳聚糖共混弱正电纳滤膜.结果表明,当纤维素和壳聚糖质量比为1∶1时,制备的共混纳滤膜分离性能最优.该膜在0.5MPa的错流条件下,对直接染料的截留率较高,如刚果红的截留率为99.99%;对活性染料(活性黑5、活性蓝19)的截留率也可达到80%~90%;而膜对无机盐截留率均较低,NaCl和Na_2SO_4的截留率分别在10%和1%以下.上述研究结果表明,该膜可实现染料和盐的高效分离.     

再生丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖膜的制备和性能

用二次冷冻干燥法制备出以戊二醛为交联剂的再生丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料,研究了不同配比的戊二醛/丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖膜的理化性质。结果表明:这种再生丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料具有联通的三维多孔结构,孔径分布均匀,丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖之间形成分子间氢键,相容性好;丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比为1:1,戊二醛的含量为0.20%时共混材料的力学性能最优,且热稳定性较好。植入皮下结果表明,这种复合材料具有良好的生物降解性和生物相容性。     

废纸纤维素/壳聚糖膜的制备及性能

为增强壳聚糖膜的力学性能,制备了废纸纤维素/壳聚糖膜.以包装废弃瓦楞纸为原料,通过碱处理和漂白处理得到再生纤维素,再以不同组分与壳聚糖制备成膜,并对不同原料膜进行形态观察和力学性能检测.研究结果表明:废纸纤维素呈丝状,纤维直径约为15～20μm,结晶度较原始瓦楞纸有大幅提高;当在质量分数为2％的壳聚糖溶液中添加相对质量分数为5％的废纸纤维素时,废纸纤维素/壳聚糖膜力学性能最好,最大拉伸强度达52.3 MPa,断裂伸长率超过20％,纤维素分布均匀.     

壳聚糖-醋酸纤维素共混膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能

研究了壳聚糖（ＣＳ）与醋酸纤维素（ＣＡ）渗透汽化共混膜的制膜条件，测定了该膜对乙醇－水混合液的渗透汽化性能及平衡溶解吸附性能实验表明，壳聚糖－醋酸纤维素共混膜对乙醇质量分数为５０％～９５％的乙醇－水溶液具有良好的渗透汽化分离性能     

玉米全粉/PVA共混膜的制备及性能

目的利用玉米全粉与聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备共混膜,研究其性能结构,以期替代传统塑料包装袋,缓解白色污染的危害。方法在三乙醇胺和羧甲基纤维素的作用下通过溶液浇铸法制备玉米全粉/PVA共混膜,考察PVA含量对共混膜力学性能、吸湿性能及水蒸气透过性能的影响。结果共混膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度均随PVA含量的增加而升高,吸湿率和水蒸气透过率随PVA含量的增加而降低,吸水后共混膜的力学性能有所下降,显微观察表明,PVA含量的增加可提高共混系统的相容性,PVA在原料基体中质量分数为40%~60%时的共混膜拉伸强度可达10 MPa以上,吸湿率小于82%,水蒸气透过率约为12×10^-5 g/(mm·d)。结论该共混膜有一定抗水蒸气和油渗透的功能,基本可满足普通包装材料的要求。     

壳聚糖—醋酸纤维互共混膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能

研究了壳聚糖（ＣＳ）与醋酸纤维素（ＣＡ）渗秀汽化共混膜的制膜条件，测定了该膜对乙醇－水混合液的渗透汽化性能及平衡溶解吸附性能、实验表明，壳聚糖－醋酸纤维素共混膜对乙醇质量分数为５０－９５％的乙醇－水溶液具有良好的渗透汽化分离性能。     

羟丙基纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜的制备与性能

采用溶液共混法制备了一系列不同比例的羟丙基纤维素(HPC)/壳聚糖(CS)共混膜,研究了羟丙基纤维素含量对共混膜的力学性能、吸湿性能、透光性能等的影响。结果表明,HPC/CS共混膜的断裂伸长率随着HPC含量的增加而增加,而拉伸强度则先提高后下降,且在含量为40%时共混膜的拉伸强度达到最大;共混膜在可见光区300nm~800nm的最大透光率均大于70%;随着HPC含量的增加共混膜的吸水率大大降低。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...